Stone Houses Research Articles

Features of the Architecture of Modern Residential Buildings in the City of Vladimir

For the first time, an analytical review of examples of the inclusion of new residential buildings in different time periods from the 1930s to the first quarter of the XXI century in the development of the city of Vladimir is given. One of the most important tasks of modern architecture is to find a practical solution to the theoretical problem of the interaction of tradition and innovation. The study of this problem on the example of historical cities in Russia occupies a special place in the theory of architecture, since a valuable historical and architectural environment needs a delicate approach when integrating new objects into it. The valuable historical buildings of the city of Vladimir mostly consist of stone houses built in the classicism style of the XVIII–XIX centuries, which formed the image of the historical center. However, not only the conscious appeal of architects to historical examples of local architecture served to reflect classicism in the appearance of buildings of subsequent eras, but also political and socio-economic aspects. The peculiarities of environmental adaptation techniques used in the construction of residential buildings by Soviet and Russian architects are noted.

Heart in a stone house: Systemic sclerosis with pericardial calcinosis.

Heart in a stone house: Systemic sclerosis with pericardial calcinosis.

Monolayer graphene oxide-Au loaded compound (GO-Au) as a flexible, stable and sensitive SERS active substrate for detection of stonehouse clam toxin (STX)

Stonehouse clam toxin (STX) is a prevalent neuroparalytic toxin found among shellfish toxins. When consumed by humans, it disrupts neuronal conduction, potentially leading to quadriplegia, headache, shock, and even respiratory failure-induced death. This study introduces a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting shellfish toxins. The approach involves utilizing graphene gold-loaded compounds alongside stone house clam toxin aptamers and their complementary chains. The layered structure of graphene creates numerous hot spots among nanoparticles, while its arched spatial configuration offers an enhanced specific surface area, resulting in improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). By combining the signaling molecule Bodipy R6G-modified Apt with GO-Au loading compounds, distinctive Raman characteristic peaks emerge. Due to the strong affinity between Apt and STX, the Apt carrying the signaling molecule migrates away from the SERS aptamer probe's surface, thereby attenuating the original SERS signal intensity and facilitating ultra-sensitive shellfish toxin detection. The detection limit for the toxin was determined to be 5.47 nM, with a recovery rate ranging from 97.60 % to 108.32 %, affirming the applicability of this design for quantitative and specific shellfish toxin detection, signifying its considerable practical significance.

Digitalisasi Rumah Batu Kampung Al-Munawar di Palembang

This study examines the Stone House in the Arab village of Al-Munawar founded by Abdurrahman Al-munawar. The house has been inhabited by seven to eight generations, and its age is estimated to be between 200 and 300 years. By providing digital information about Al-Munawar Village, in particular Stone House, the researchers wanted to deepen their understanding of the history and structure of Stone House in al-Minawar Village. The research used literature studies to gather primary and secondary data. The data processing results were presented qualitatively and descriptively and discussed information about al-munawar village, especially Stone House. Researchers conducted direct surveys and measurements in Stone House to ensure the accuracy of the data. It produces digitized images that are accurate and suitable for field conditions.

Building typology of Albanian kulla stone houses in the Balkans

This paper aims to establish a unified typology for the culturally significant kulla stone houses built in the cross-border region of Kosovo, Albania, and Montenegro during the 18th and 19th centuries. Despite some attempts at typological categorisation on the national level, a joint typology for this region currently needs to be improved. Based on existing literature and field research, the paper identifies the specificities of different geographical locations while validating the core attributes common to all typological variations. The findings suggest that the joint typological classification of kulla in the Balkans should primarily be based on architectural elements and, to some extent, setting, building materials and techniques, while functional composition is consistent across all types. The paper argues that defining a common typology for the Albanian kulla stone houses in the Balkans is crucial for evaluating, preserving, and developing kulla as serial properties and for their future regional development.

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil water-salt gradients in the ecological buffer zone of arid zone lakes and their influencing factors

Soil salinization exerts a severe impact on environmental degradation that threatens the structure and ecological functions of lake wetland. To study the characteristics of soil water-salt in the typical plant communities in the ecological buffer zone of the arid lake wetland, three zones were selected lakeshore as the starting point in Stone House, Bird Island, and Duck Bay management stations of Lake Ebinur wetland, August 2016 and 2017. These zones, including the waterward radiation zone, the water level variation zone, and the landward radiation zone, to investigate the variation patterns of soil water-salt in different zones and soil depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60 cm). The results showed that: the soil pH in different plant communities in zones were all alkaline with weak varianbility. Soil moisture and total salt content were moderately variable. According to the Xinjiang saline-alkali classification standards, soils in the three zones were classified as non-salinized soil to mildly salinized soil, heavily salinized soil to saline soil, and non-salinized soil to heavily salinized soil, respectively; soil pH and moisture content in different plant communities of the zones tended to increase along with soil deepens and salt content decreased. The differences in soil pH and moisture between different soil profiles in the same zone were not so significant, but the differences in total salt content were bigger. The soil moisture and total salt content among different zones within the same soil profile remained prominent. The relationship between soil pH, moisture content, and total salt content in waterward radiation zone and water level variation zone was complex, showing an unclear pattern. In the landward radiation zone, soil pH and total salt content were negatively correlated with moisture, while soil pH was positively correlated with total salt content. The study demonstrated that the changes in soil water-salt in Lake Ebinur Wetlands were mainly influenced by structural factors (microtopography, soil characteristics, vegetation, parent material, hydrology), followed by random factors (irrigation, soil improvement, cultivation practices, and human activities).

The Discourse of Secession in Novuyo Rosa Tshuma’s House of Stone

ABSTRACT This article examines the depiction of the discourse of secession in Novuyo Rosa Tshuma’s House of Stone (2018). Borrowing insights on secession from international law and drawing on postcolonial concepts of identity formation and the theory of ethnicity as entry points, the article highlights the elusive nature of nation in Zimbabwe and affirms that the secessionist calls are a manifestation of the Ndebele people’s struggles against the dialectics of otherness. The central argument advanced in this article is that the secession addressed in Tshuma’s novel is a particular instance of an ethnic group’s re-imagination of its identity that is given form and impetus by a past legacy that includes historical imaginations and memories of experiences in post-independence Zimbabwe. In addition, the article argues that this ethnic exclusiveness that is rendered under the political rubric of secession is in stark contrast to the common and shared imaginings of a single nation that is built upon the tenets of basic unity and the existence of a single set of shared principles as postulated by postcolonial theorists. Thus, the article concludes by highlighting the contested and paradoxical nature of secession since it can be viewed on the one hand as a negative rebellion against the status quo or, on the other hand, a positive affirmation of concepts, models and even blueprints for new societies. The article is significant in that it contributes to debates on national identity and contemporary discourses on justice and the accepted frameworks of human rights.

Результаты контроля радона в жилых домах вблизи разработки Шкурлатовского месторождения гранита

The presence of acting granite quarrying near the residential area may cause increase in indoor radon concentration. The paper presents results of estimating the level of radiation and carcinogenic danger for residents living near the acting Shkurlatov granite deposit. To assess average annual equivalent equilibrium volume activity (EEVA), Bq/m3, and the average annual individual effective radiation doses from radon isotopes presented in the indoor air, mSv/year, the data of the unified system for individual doses monitoring from 2017 through 2022 were used. Results of voluntary in-situ examination and 42 measures of radon volume activity in 17 residential buildings the closest to the granite quarry, were carried out in 2023. The above measures were used for calculation of EEVA of radon isotopes (Bq/m3) and the average annual individual effective radiation dose to the residents inhalated indoor radon (mSv/year). According to the data on radon monitoring in the dwellings situated near the Shkurlatov granite deposit the EEVA in wooden houses varied from 9.2 to 35.5 Bq/m3, EEVA in stone houses varied from 9.4 to 41.4 Bq/m3, average values are 21.22.0 and 21.91.8. The quoted values do not differ from the monitoring data in the Pavlovsk district of the Voronezh Region. Statistic data on malignant neoplasms incidence from 2017 through 2022 were investigated. As for the incidence of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer, no statistically significant difference between average multiyear cancer incidence in the area close to the Shkurlatov granite deposit in Pavlovsk district, Voronezh region, and in the more favorable district. The comparison was based on annual radiation doses due to radon isotopes inhalation. The results of the study suggest that radon at the registered indoor concentration does not affect cancer incidence among people living near the Shkurlatov granite deposit.

Homes in Mardin: Women’s Daily Life Narratives and Reproduction of Space in Pandemic Times

The pandemic has transformed our daily lives and domestic responsibilities and drastically redefined gender roles within the household. Compared to before the pandemic, domestic practices and routines have changed to varying degrees according to individual households. Taking the historic city of Mardin as a case study, this research aims to understand how women’s experience within the home has changed during the pandemic and to discuss how daily life has been reproduced in different housing typologies. Along with its unique topography, the coexistence of different ethnicities and religions in the region for centuries has affected Mardin's urban development and social and spatial character. Today, Mardin has an urban landscape consisting of various housing typologies where traditional and modern ways of domesticity coexist: traditional stone houses, country houses, apartments, and gated communities. In the three-month period after the onset of the pandemic (between March and May 2020), in-depth interviews were conducted via Zoom with women living in these four housing typologies, coming from different marital and employment statuses. Everyday narratives of the aforementioned individuals, through Lefevbrian's perspective, have been discussed to fully understand how domestic routines and practices have changed compared to pre-pandemic times. In every city, the productivity of women on a daily basis is placed in the context of social production. This study aims to offer an insight into the effect of the pandemic, drawing parallels between subjective and local, and universal conditions and their overall impact.

Black tenement house in Lviv: figurative and plastic solution

The main idea. The purpose of the article is a thorough analysis and research of the architectural and artistic features of the residential building on Rynok Square No. 4 in Lviv as a unique example of the synthesis of various types of art, which is reflected in its exterior and interior. Main objective. The main object of the study is the analysis of the synthesis of various types of arts in the architecture of residential tenements in Lviv, namely in the Black House, as a representative example of Renaissance construction. Methodology .The research uses general scientific and special approaches and methods. The main research methods were based on empirical, theoretical and deductive ways of reproducing the synthesis of arts in the Black House. The analysis and systematization of data on the main elements that create the interaction of various types of art are applied. Results. Studying and tracing the peculiarities of the formation of the synthesis of arts on the example of Lviv residential tenements of the XVI-XVII centuries will allow us to reveal the wealth of the city's cultural, historical and architectural heritage, and will enrich the scientific and cultural context of modern Lviv. The problem for a comprehensive study of the monuments of Lviv is the limited number of stone houses that have remained preserved, if not in their original state, then at least in a state that gives an opportunity to imagine the wealth of decorations and architectural details. Among them, we can single out a valuable historical and artistic monument – building No. 4 on the Rynok square in Lviv. Conclusions. The Black House is a valuable example of a richly decorated burgher's dwelling of the Renaissance period and one of the noblest both externally and internally. Originally, the synthesis of arts in it was formed by superimposing sculpture, stone carvings and polychrome decoration on the typical system of ordering the building, which was characteristic of the city. The process of combining various types of art has been ongoing since the building of the Black House until now. It is possible to distinguish V separate stages of formation of the synthesis of arts in the Black House. In the future, it is important to investigate and clarify the origin and iconography of the sculptures on the facade of the building. Create and perform a graphical hypothetical reconstruction of the facade based on the restoration data obtained from comprehensive studies of 2016-2019.

Blowing Glass at Stone Houses

Blowing Glass at Stone Houses

The Architectural Façade Features of Traditional Nigde Houses that are Influential in the Formation of Urban Identity

Factors such as the change of societies living in cities, migration from village to city, unplanned urbanization, socio-economic and socio-political effects cause the emergence of new settlements in the city, as well as the rapid change and transformation of the local architectural identity that has been formed before. This situation causes cities to become ordinary, similar to each other and even the same, distancing from their original identities. One of the most important parts of the city, which is the object of memory and reflects the identity elements of a period, is the residential architecture. When the old and original neighbourhood textures formed by the Nigde houses are reviewed, it is seen that it was settled on the Kayabasi, Tepeviran and Alaaddin hills in the centre. It was observed that the garden walls and houses were placed by using the slope of the land from the hills to the plain and the planning was made without blocking the view and the sun, thus organic street textures emerged. It is seen that the original two-storey stone houses and organic street texture in the gardens, which constitutes the architecture of Nigde and its nearby villages (Yesilburc Village, Fertek Village, etc.), have been demolished in recent years due to the roads opened for vehicle traffic. Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to reveal the contribution of the architectural elements of the traditional Nigde houses, which constitute the urban identity and urban texture of Nigde and which is one of the biggest components of the urban life setup, to the urban identity.

Research on the Excavation CXXIV in the South-Eastern Part of the Bolgar Fortified Settlement

The article presents the results of studies carried out in the south-eastern part of the Bolgar fortified settlement in 2013. The Golden Horde objects belonging to different periods have been identified here. Since early coins make up more than 10% of the numismatic collection, this suggests that the site began to be developed already in the 2nd half of the 13th century. The pits in the southwest corner of the excavation can be attributed to this time. Unique are the finds of two dinars of the 12th century and the middle of the 13th century, belonging to the initial stage of the development of the area. А wooden house (structure No. 2) with a kang was built on the site within the period from the 2nd half of the 13th century to the 1230ies. Probably, the construction of three pits with large poles is related to the time of the wooden house, as well as, perhaps, a stockade. The building was destroyed by a fire. The next construction period is associated with a stone building (structure No. 1), soon erected on the place of the burned house. According to the coins found here, the stone building with a kang was built here no earlier than in the 1340s and functioned until the 1360s. The horizon of the building of a stone house is marked by layers of construction debris that filled the most of the pits on the excavation. The stone masonry of the building was almost completely taken and used as building materials, most likely already at the beginning of the 20th century, but the well-preserved contours of the foundation trenches, densely filled with lime and stone fragments, allow us to restore the layout of the building. The portal of the building, located on the north side, was decorated with two pylons, that were the base of the arched entrance, and a square construction, probably a turret, sided with the western one. The uniqueness of the building consists in an amazing combination of features of private residential and public architecture. After the 1360s, the site became desolate, and this wasteland was used as a cemetery: near the remains of a stone building the burials with fragments of its architectural details in the filling were found. The studied estate was related geographically with the quarter of the "Mongolian administration" at the Small Minaret, where dwellings with kangs were concentrated.

DIGITAL HERITAGE AND PRESERVATION: AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND LIDAR APPLIED TO THE MAPPING OF KAPAYUWANAN, INDIGENOUS PAIWAN SETTLEMENTS, TAIWAN

Abstract. This paper discusses the application of UAV and Terrestrial photogrammetry and LiDAR for mapping Taiwanese indigenous Settlements. The relics of Taiwanese indigenous settlements with thousands history are widely distributed in deep forestry mountains with inconvenient transportation. Kapayuwanan is the original place of paiwan indigenous people. Firstly, UAV photogrammetry is applied for mapping supayuan settlement of 8 hectares and those stone houses invisible under dense forest are drawn by in-site investigation. Then UAV photogrammetry and LiDAR are used to document the larger area of Kapayuwanan of 36 hectares and terrestrial Lidar for the area of 1.2 hectares sorted out. It can not only obtain the accurate topography, landscape with architecture but also reveal the hidden settlements, such as roads, stone slab houses, irrigation landscape under the dense forest. Accuracy mapping is fundamental for future preservation planning and virtual conservation.Shaping the future is from revealing the Past. That is crucial to document, understand, and preserve the precious cultural heritage. Documenting with immediacy, high resolution, high manoeuvrability become possible because of the rapid developments of digital technologies in the recent two decades. It’s astonishing, in the case of Taiwanese indigenous archaeological settlements sites, UAV photogrammetry and Lidar can successfully reveal the relics of stone slab houses in such a sever site – steep slopes, dense forestry with plantation in biodiversity. The reveal of settlements with reclaimed landscape verifies oral transmission of indigenous people as well . Digital technologies support the contention of archaeology, anthropology, heritage preservation, and cultural landscape, indispensable for revealing the past and shaping the future.

SAORAJA SAWITTO SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MEMBANGUN KESADARAN SEJARAH

The position of history education in schools is less desirable, especially for students because history is synonymous with knowing and memorizing historical events or facts, and the teacher's lack of maximum use of learning resources in the surrounding environment will lead to boredom for students. Teaching history by emphasizing the use of historical sites around students is a solution so that learning history can be more easily understood. This study aims to determine the history of Saoraja Sawitto Kingdom, the use of the local site of the Saoraja Sawitto Traditional House as a source of learning history, the supporting and inhibiting factors of the local site of the Saoraja Sawitto Traditional House as a source of learning history. The research method used is the historical method with 4 steps, namely Heuristics, Criticism, Interpretation, and Historiography. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the Saoraja Sawitto traditional house was the home of the Kedatuan Sawitto Royal Palace which was formerly made of wood, but during the Colonial reign there was a change in the structure of the building which then changed its shape to a stone house. With the local historical site of Saoraja Sawitto, students are active and enjoy learning so that it can facilitate the teaching and learning process, especially in history subjects. One of the factors supporting the use of this existing house, namely the enthusiasm of students, and one of the inhibiting factors is the lack of literature regarding the Saoraja Sawitto traditional house.

SAORAJA SAWITTO SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MEMBANGUN KESADARAN SEJARAH

The position of history education in schools is less desirable, especially for students because history is synonymous with knowing and memorizing historical events or facts, and the teacher's lack of maximum use of learning resources in the surrounding environment will lead to boredom for students. Teaching history by emphasizing the use of historical sites around students is a solution so that learning history can be more easily understood. This study aims to determine the history of Saoraja Sawitto Kingdom, the use of the local site of the Saoraja Sawitto Traditional House as a source of learning history, the supporting and inhibiting factors of the local site of the Saoraja Sawitto Traditional House as a source of learning history. The research method used is the historical method with 4 steps, namely Heuristics, Criticism, Interpretation, and Historiography. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the Saoraja Sawitto traditional house was the home of the Kedatuan Sawitto Royal Palace which was formerly made of wood, but during the Colonial reign there was a change in the structure of the building which then changed its shape to a stone house. With the local historical site of Saoraja Sawitto, students are active and enjoy learning so that it can facilitate the teaching and learning process, especially in history subjects. One of the factors supporting the use of this existing house, namely the enthusiasm of students, and one of the inhibiting factors is the lack of literature regarding the Saoraja Sawitto traditional house.

Senses and Perceptions: The Last Decades of Greek Orthodox Existence in Potámia in Cappadocia

The Greek Orthodox Community was uprooted from Cappadocia with the signing of the Convention of the Exchange of Populations between Turkey and Greece at Lausanne on 30 January 1923. Until then Potámia had been one of the prosperous villages of the area, thanks to financial contributions of Potámian migrants in foreign lands. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the village had stone houses, a new church, and a school. The villagers had neighborly relations with the Turks of surrounding villages, with a degree of competition at the communal level which was reflected in their narratives, myths, and songs. These narratives are revealing of their senses and perceptions of their neighbors in the last decades of their existence in their homeland, and they are meaningful in allowing researchers to detect the cohabitation practices of two religious communities at the time.

Kilometer 101 by Maxim Osipov

Reviewed by: Kilometer 101 by Maxim Osipov Robert Allen Papinchak MAXIM OSIPOV Kilometer 101 Ed. Boris Dralyuk. Trans. Boris Dralyuk, Nicolas Pasternak Slater & Alex Fleming. New York. New York Review Books Classics. 2022. 296 pages. MAXIM OSIPOV'S stunning second collection of six short stories and four essays, Kilometer 101, follows his scintillating Rock, Paper, Scissors and Other Stories. The title refers to the inauspicious demarcation line for former convicts who are only allowed to live one hundred kilometers from Moscow, usually in small country towns. There, they can continue previous occupations or professions but under the painful psychological endurance of isolation, discrimination, and arresting memories of prior identities and earlier lives. Cardiologist Osipov knows the circumstances well. His great-grandfather, a physician, was imprisoned as part of the fabricated conspiratorial Doctors' Plot (1951-53). The government attack was primarily against Jewish doctors from Moscow. On his release, Osipov's ancestor chose to live in Tarusa, which Osipov also chose, practicing there until finally immigrating to Germany to escape complicit involvement with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The brief opening, "Sventa: In Lieu of a Foreword," dedicated in memory of his parents, establishes the prominent, recurring themes of remembrance and home. During a book launch in Zarasai, Lithuania, Osipov recognizes everything. Things loved and lost generate melancholy reminiscences. He recalls an adolescent "maritime adventure" during a summer visit with a classmate. A two-story stone house and a "wooden, dilapidated bathhouse" that no longer exist. Two hundred thousand Lithuanian Jews buried in "shabby and sickly" forest ravines. Sventa, itself in Latvia, was a childhood side trip for picking blueberries and mushrooms. The six successive short stories underscore the varieties and consequences of exile (physical and emotional) and the enduring nature of compassion amidst emigration and death. In "Little Lord Fauntleroy," an empathetic visiting cardiologist in a Moscow suburb, which is "neither one thing nor the other," is accused of illegal organ transplantation. The lengthy, leisurely "Pieces on a Plane" details reflections of a translator on the death of his father in a country where patronyms determine identity. In "Cape Cod," a character who changes his surname feels parental responsibility and questions the "need [of] a homeland for something . . . But what?" Emigration becomes a "disaster, a mental illness." The brutal irony of the American Dream is that while avoiding Russian conscription, his son enters West Point to learn how to kill people. A psychiatrist in "Luxemburg" recounts the anti-Semitic vandalism and persecution a former schoolmate encounters in a small town after he retreats there and discovers the "life experience we gained in the Soviet Union prepared us only for life in the Soviet Union." A "chatty . . . unlicensed cabbie" extols "Big Opportunities" to a passenger seeking escape to freedom. In "The Whilst," a scholar in ancient languages and [End Page 83] cultures becomes attuned to the "separate and rather painful question . . . [of] the extended sleep of emigration." The four autobiographical essays ("My Native Land"; "A Sin to Complain"; "A Non-Easter Joy"; "The Children of Dzhankoy") reiterate the struggles exposed in the short fictions. Osipov lists positive and negative philosophical impressions of the "provincial life" as the resident physician in N. The bottom line is "Wherever you go, everything's the same. It's easy to see why we have such miserable lives and such a wonderful literature." Throughout—in fiction or nonfiction—Osipov deftly combines illuminating insights of modern Russia with the poignancies of emigrating. Robert Allen Papinchak Valley Village, California Copyright © 2023 World Literature Today and the Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma

Poe in Richmond: Celebrating the Poe Museum’s Centennial

Poe in Richmond: Celebrating the Poe Museum’s Centennial

A Postcolonial Reading of Novuya Tshuma's House of Stone

The current paper attempts to investigate postcolonial concepts in Zimbabwean writer, Novuya Tshuma’s debut novel, House of Stone (2018). The present study is built on the theoretical framework of Homi K. Bhabha who, in his, collected writings titled The Location of Culture (1994) mentioned key elements of postcolonial criticism like an identity crisis, othering, mimicry and hybridity. The textual analysis method has been applied to analyse the relevant text objectively. Findings suggest that the above postcolonial concepts like an identity crisis, othering/otherness, mimicry and hybridity are vividly available and have been objectively analyzed. Moreover, the novelist uses an ample amount of figure of speech (simile, metaphor, personification and oxymoron) to carry forward the story in a literary manner. In addition to the above aspects, the concept of feminism is found in an African setting, the character of Thandi promotes feminism through her words and action.