Black tenement house in Lviv: figurative and plastic solution

Abstract

The main idea. The purpose of the article is a thorough analysis and research of the architectural and artistic features of the residential building on Rynok Square No. 4 in Lviv as a unique example of the synthesis of various types of art, which is reflected in its exterior and interior. Main objective. The main object of the study is the analysis of the synthesis of various types of arts in the architecture of residential tenements in Lviv, namely in the Black House, as a representative example of Renaissance construction. Methodology .The research uses general scientific and special approaches and methods. The main research methods were based on empirical, theoretical and deductive ways of reproducing the synthesis of arts in the Black House. The analysis and systematization of data on the main elements that create the interaction of various types of art are applied. Results. Studying and tracing the peculiarities of the formation of the synthesis of arts on the example of Lviv residential tenements of the XVI-XVII centuries will allow us to reveal the wealth of the city's cultural, historical and architectural heritage, and will enrich the scientific and cultural context of modern Lviv. The problem for a comprehensive study of the monuments of Lviv is the limited number of stone houses that have remained preserved, if not in their original state, then at least in a state that gives an opportunity to imagine the wealth of decorations and architectural details. Among them, we can single out a valuable historical and artistic monument – building No. 4 on the Rynok square in Lviv. Conclusions. The Black House is a valuable example of a richly decorated burgher's dwelling of the Renaissance period and one of the noblest both externally and internally. Originally, the synthesis of arts in it was formed by superimposing sculpture, stone carvings and polychrome decoration on the typical system of ordering the building, which was characteristic of the city. The process of combining various types of art has been ongoing since the building of the Black House until now. It is possible to distinguish V separate stages of formation of the synthesis of arts in the Black House. In the future, it is important to investigate and clarify the origin and iconography of the sculptures on the facade of the building. Create and perform a graphical hypothetical reconstruction of the facade based on the restoration data obtained from comprehensive studies of 2016-2019.