Housing Elements Research Articles

IDENTIFYING THERMAL COMFORT OF TROPICAL ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT BUILDING : A CASE STUDY OF EXPANDABLE HOUSE

Tropical architecture is an architectural building concept that focuses on the use of materials and techniques used in an accordance with the environment and climate in the tropical region. Buildings with tropical architectural style have special characteristics in adapting to climate conditions, but currently there are also modern buildings that can be categorized as contemporer tropical buildings. In the context of Batam city, contemporer tropical architectural buildings have not been prominent, especially in residential houses applications. Moreover, few residential houses failed to follow thermal comfort in the objective of Batam climate. This study aims to identify the elements of thermal comfort in residential houses which apply contemporer tropical architectural concepts in the city of Batam. In this case the author examine “Rumah Tambah” as a case study. By conducting a literature review and comparison of case studies as well as direct observation to the location, this research was conducted using an inductive qualitative method using primary and secondary data. Finally, this research produces an identification of thermal comfort that is applied to residential houses with a contemporer tropical architectural concept and provides recommendations for design elements in residential houses with a contemporer tropical architectural concept in the city of Batam.

Repair of Old Timber Log House Using Cavity Filling with Compatible Natural Materials

The paper describes a method of structural repair to damaged elements of protected timber houses. Emphasis is laid on minimum intervention in the valuable material that needs to be preserved to the maximum possible extent, especially without larger interventions in the visible parts. The designs will find application in situations where it is not possible or appropriate to use common building methods, and it is necessary to carefully fill out or substitute bio-damaged parts of structural elements. The material for the production of fillings of structural elements corresponds to the originally used wood species; in the case of contact with the ground, oak is the choice due to its durability. Small caverns are filled with earth-based mortar with lime, casein, and chopped wheat straw. Such mortar mixtures were subjected to laboratory tests, which have shown that earth-based mortar (E) and earth mortar with lime putty modification (EL) have very similar physical, mechanical, and hygric properties. The properties significantly changed when curd cheese/casein was added to fresh mortar (ELC): the mechanical strength of hardened mortar increased substantially, and the diffusion of water vapours dropped, which is very beneficial for careful repairs of timber elements. The combination of timber and mortar filling provides a suitable means of repairing locally decayed timber members.

Characteristic Architectural Elements of Traditional Barbaros Houses with a Single-Living Space and Their Relationship with Daily Life

Characteristic Architectural Elements of Traditional Barbaros Houses with a Single-Living Space and Their Relationship with Daily Life

Natural Frequency Measurement of Modest Dwelling Houses

Around 1000 to 4000 units of modest dwelling houses are annually built in Aceh Province. A modest dwelling house is a small type of house with limitations in space planning which is very suitable for small families with middle to lower incomes. This lower middle-class community is a group of people who are very vulnerable and will be very severely affected when a disaster occurs. A modest dwelling house is a one-story building with simple construction and structure in its physical form. On the other hand, Aceh is also one area that is very prone to earthquake disasters from along the subduction zone and Sumatran Fault. Therefore, measuring the frequency of a modest dwelling house is crucial to understanding all house elements' conditions. It is essential to estimate the integrity and safety of the house after an earthquake occurs. The method used in this research is using the field experiment method in the form of measuring the natural response of the building to vibration based on microtremor data. This study uses a seismometer. The data is stored in a data logger. The seismometer is placed on the floor of the house. Data collection is carried out when no major activities are around the house. Measurements were carried out for a minimum of 60 minutes. Computer analysis with specific parameters obtained using Geopsy software. The result of this study indicates that the dominant frequency of modest dwelling houses measured is around 2.99 Hz. The analysis results from the field experiment were validated using pushover analysis of the detailed engineering design data. The modeling results show that in the x-axis direction (parallel to the direction of the building), the frequency obtained is 7.14 Hz. Pushover analysis on the model with the y-axis direction (parallel to the side of the building) obtained a frequency of 7.46 Hz. This validation shows a huge difference between the frequency of field measurement results and computer modeling results. Many factors, including decreasing or degrading the concrete construction quality in the field, can cause this gap.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ И ОТКОРМА СВИНЕЙ С КОМБИНИРОВАННЫМ УЧАСТКОМ ОПОРОСА СВИНОМАТОК И ДОРАЩИВАНИЯ ПОРОСЯТ-ОТЪЕМЫШЕЙ

Currently, in Russia, the North American technology of housing pigs with a combined weaning and fattening area is becoming widespread. It is essentially a two-phase technology for housing pigs. Many years of research conducted by the authors of the article have shown that the most effective technology is a stress-free methods of housing pigs. A new technology with elements of stress-free pig housing has been developed for a pig farm for the reproduction, rearing and fattening of 12 000 pigs per year with a combined sow farrowing and weaning piglet rearing area in order to form piglets nests at the stages of the suckling period and rearing. Thus, the usage of the new technology is appropriate for pork production industrial enterprises. The usage of this solution allows you to limit the impact of stress on piglets at the most vulnerable stages of raising – the suckling period and rearing. The new technology is compared with a standard project of group company Neoforce that is widely used in Russia according to the developed author's methodology. The evaluation criteria are the following indicators: the usage of the area of the main purpose and the payment of the area by the production of meat.

Creation of a universal housing for a liquid purification filter made of corrosion-resistant steels

Scientists from different countries are engaged in the development of new or improvement of existing water purification technologies. At the same time, not enough attention is paid to the development of equipment for water purification and technologies for their manufacture. The article presents a model of a universal filter housing for cleaning liquids from solid particles. Mechanical filters of cartridge or bag type can be used as filter elements. The main supporting element of the filter housing is a thin-walled cylindrical flask. The use of rotary rolling in the process of manufacturing a cylindrical flask makes it possible to reduce the negative effect of welded seams and increase the strength of the cylindrical shell. The results of experimental studies on assessing the effect of the relative deformation value along the wall thickness during rotary rolling of steel cylindrical shells on their strength and stability are presented.

Exploration and research on the applicability of sustainable design for ethnic minorities — Diaojiaolou

Diao Jiaolou is a typical component of minority housing culture. Strengthening the study of the hanging foot building is to inherit the culture of traditional residential architecture. By classifying and analyzing the architectural characteristics of minority housing, the characteristic elements of housing are refined for this architecture and industrialized using modern means and methods. Based on protecting the ethnic heritage, modern technology uses to leave traces of the times and organize the new rural construction in western Hunan. With the acceleration of urbanization, it is necessary to establish a mechanism for renovating traditional minority dwellings with regional characteristics and apply it to the refurbishment and development of settlement dwellings.

Вiдновлeння листових деталeй транспортних засобiв пiсля дорожньо-транспортних пригод

This article is a continuation of research on the use of methods to improve the repair of vehicle body parts after the examination of road accidents. Body parts are among the main and most complex and labor-intensive structural elements of a vehicle (land, air, sea). In addition, body parts are the basis of the vehicle structure, which combines all its parts into a single whole in terms of power. The service life of the body as a whole largely determines the operational durability of land transport in general. The service life of body parts, which are usually made from sheet metal by stamping, is affected by corrosion, operational damage and traffic accidents. The reserve for increasing the durability of body parts, including sheet metal parts (springs, wheel rims, etc.), is a set of technological means and a rational choice of technological parameters of the process of their manufacture by sheet stamping. Road accidents are a serious test for body components. In such situations, it is necessary to take into account not only the appearance of the parts but also their internal structure. Modern testing technologies and diagnostic methods allow us to detect potentially dangerous damage in time.Optimization of the technological parameters of the sheet forming process is a key factor in increasing the durability of housing elements. Taking into account high loads during design and manufacturing allows us to create parts that can withstand the pressure of various operating conditions.This integrated approach to solving the problems of improving the repair of body parts guarantees an increase in the service life of vehicles and ensures their reliability and safety on the road.

The Application of Hakka Enclosed House Elements in Rural Public Space-Taking Gankeng Town as an Example

The Application of Hakka Enclosed House Elements in Rural Public Space-Taking Gankeng Town as an Example

System for monitoring and evaluating the operational wear of elements of housing and communal complexes

System for monitoring and evaluating the operational wear of elements of housing and communal complexes

Kudus Traditional House as a Potential Tropical Building Design for Climate Action

One of the Sustainable Development Goals is Climate Action, meaning taking immediate actions to combat climate change and its impacts. This study evaluates the potentials of Indonesian traditional houses in helping mitigating climate change in the tropics. As a case study, the author analyses the designs of Kudus traditional house built primarily in the old city of Kudus, the province of Central Java, Indonesia. The study employs qualitative research, making use of primary data from field observations and interviews. Field observations were carried out to identify design elements of the traditional houses, while interviews were undertaken to obtain data and information on how the designs deal with climate problems. The results show that the Kudus traditional houses are designed in such a way that minimizes the need for air conditioning and energy uses given the hot tropical climate. The designs include the following: (1) building masses are built with an open yard in the middle of the masses’ configuration; (2) building masses are extended from north to south direction; (3) optimization of openings, for lighting and ventilation, on the walls and the roof of the building; (4) The use of a sloping roof with a wide eaves. Although the climate has changed, the traditional Kudus house is still comfortable to use for activities. This proves that the traditional Kudus house is still relevant in responding to the local climate.

Abstract 9446: Psychosocial Readiness Assessment for Heart Transplant Candidates

Background: Psychosocial evaluation for heart transplant suitability has long been required by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as a condition of participation for transplant programs in the US. There is no regulation regarding follow-up psychosocial care and re-assessment of patients waitlisted for transplantation. Heart transplant candidates require a thorough initial evaluation of multiple psychosocial factors and are at risk of negative outcomes with mental health problems and/or unstable socioeconomic resources. Purpose: A descriptive surveillance quality improvement project was developed to evaluate the effects of psychosocial readiness assessments for waitlisted United Network for Organ Sharing status 3, 4, and 5 adult heart transplant candidates in the outpatient setting, addressing basic socioeconomic needs and mental wellness in preparation for transplantation. Methods: To determine acceptability, rescheduled readiness visits and no-show rates were measured. A post-implementation period Qualtrics RM survey was administered to measure team member perceptions of feasibility. Socioeconomic elements of caregiver support, housing, transportation, and insurance status were assessed by simple using “yes/no” questions. The General Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 were used to assess anxiety and depression, respectively. Results: Fifty-seven patients were assessed during the 12-week period. The primary aim of feasibility was achieved with 93% of visits performed with freedom from rescheduling or patient no-show. Seventy five percent of team members reported the readiness assessments were achievable. More than twenty-four percent (24.56%) of patients required follow-up from a transplant Social Worker with 94.74% of those referrals due solely to elevated mental health questionnaire scores. Conclusion: Addressing non-medical and mental health needs in waitlisted heart transplant patients allows transplant programs to maintain candidates with necessary resources. The readiness assessments are feasible in practice and may serve to reduce untoward outcomes in the post-transplant phase by providing targeted care prior to the time of transplant.

THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL RESIDUAL DEFORMATIONS ON THE SHIPS HULLS RELIABILITY

The changes in the bearing capacity of the hull sheets and beams of the ship’s set under the action of compressive and tensile forces are studied in the paper. The inf luence of local residual deformations on the permissible wear of the deformed element, which allows assessing its reliability, is established. Since the longitudinal forces (compressive and tensile) are significant only for the deck or bottom in the middle part of the hull, the effect of local residual deformations on the bearing capacity of sheets and beams of the longitudinal set is estimated only for these elements. It is assumed that the retained local residual deformations of the housing elements do not change with the time of ship operation. Corrections for permissible wear in the cross-section equal to a decrease in the average thickness of the sheets in the cross-section are calculated (for a section of the body equal to the length of the sheet, from joint to joint). The wear rate of all cross-section sheets is assumed to be the same, and the probability of its occurrence corresponds to the law of normal distribution with the characteristics specified in the Rules of the Russian River Register established for a given group of elements. According to the assumptions made above, it is possible to calculate the probability of failure in the cross-section of a group of elements with local residual deformations depending on the number of years of the vessel operation. The probability of failures in a given group of elements is estimated by the multiplication of the failures probability in several sections after a given number of years of operation. The probability of failures in the hull of the vessel is calculated as the multiplication of the failures probabilities in all groups of elements. Formulas for calculating the loss of the bearing area of the sheathing plates and beams of the longitudinal set due to the local residual deformations have been obtained. The loss of the working area of the sheets and longitudinal beams is represented as additional wear of the sheets. After dividing the mentioned loss of the cross-section area by the cross-section width, the value of the permissible reduction in the residual thickness of the sheets, weighted average for the section under consideration, is obtained.

Learned Lessons from Traditional Architecture in Yemen -Towards Sustainable Architecture

This paper explores the Learned Lessons from traditional Yemeni Architecture Towards Sustainable Architecture. It highlights how the local context influences the traditional architecture in Sanaa city and different regions of Yemen and Arab regions, according to nature, climatic conditions, culture, traditional values, and indigenous knowledge. Overview for sustainability during the twentieth century, sustainability and the Islam perspective in the Arab region, and selected the traditional architecture in Yemen as a case study. In addition to the analysis analyzed the city's urban form and the traditional house in Sana’a city, the design and elements of the house; spatial organization, construction systems and building materials, and window openings. Ornaments and sewerage systems. The study summarizes the aspects of sustainability in the traditional house in different regions in Yemen as an indigenous traditional knowledge for sustainable architecture. In conclusion, the traditional houses in the house in Yemen, designed according to the local context and indigenous traditional knowledge, have influenced traditional Yemeni architecture; the house elements and design fulfills sustainable requirements and positively impact the city's environmental, economic, and social aspects. Furthermore, it is considered a learned lesson from traditional architectural heritage and indigenous traditional knowledge toward sustainable architecture.

Apollo e le muse in un interno in Nea Paphos


 
 
 
 The article presents some archaeological observations informed by recent publica- tions on the ‘House of Aion’ at Nea Paphos. Its archaeological context (coins and pot- tery) dates the construction of this building to the second decade of the 4th century, its partial destruction and final annihilation by a series of earthquakes, to AD 332/342 and 365 respectively. The much-discussed mythological decorative mosaic in the larg- est hall of the House of Aion (triclinium) and the newly analyzed wall paintings in room 7 with figures of Apollo and muses are typical decorative elements of Roman elite houses and residences of Late Antiquity. And yet, the layout of the House and the presence of two rooms with a wooden floor laid over an earlier water cistern to convert it into a cellar, possibly a treasure vault, suggest that the function of the complex was not residential at all. Indeed, the close proximity of the ‘House of Aion’ to the ‘Villa of Theseus’, rebuilt during the same period and converted into the prae- torium of the governor, suggests that the House could have been a seat of a Roman association, perhaps the seat of the synodos of Dionisiac artists of the theatre.
 
 
 

Development of sustainable prefabricated housing system by small-scale experimental model

Utilisation of unused industrial wastes and the need for rapid volumetric construction led to the evolution of sustainable prefabricated housing elements, particularly for urban slums. An agro-industrial by-product as raw material and waste expanded polystyrene beads as the insulation material are chosen to develop a lightweight prefabricated construction element. This bio-ash is used as a partial replacement, 20 and 10%, for fine aggregates to prepare concrete and a lightweight mix, respectively. A small-scale model of one-third scale is conceptualised according to standards. This model includes precast columns and beams as framed structure and prefab panels as walling and roofing elements. These elements are developed according to the desired mix proportions of the identified raw materials. The respective laboratory specimens are evaluated for physico-mechanical, durability and thermal properties. The developed walling end product is found to be 27% lighter, 8% stronger, 24% less water absorbent and 62% less conductive when compared with the properties of commercially available fly-ash brick. A solar photovoltaic panel embedded into the pitch roof of the model can provide 71% of its generated energy to necessary electrical appliances. The material properties are found to be satisfactory for its on-site application. Also, the model’s erection is 20% faster than the conventional method.

Forgotten Territories in the Iranian Home: Issues of Segregation

This article addresses issues associated with segregation and gender discrimination in the traditional culture of Iranian home. The concept of Iranian home with an emphasis on its territories and social characteristics, as well as segregation and gender aspects, was investigated. Using expert opinions, seven house samples were analyzed. Following a review of plans and maps, interviews, and visual observations, a content analysis of activities, social relations, and physical features was conducted. The results show that individual values have been forgotten, and the privacy is defined as a collective state for a family. Under the management of the father, home has a biological and economic nature. All household activities and social relationships are determined by gender. Among the things having distinct segregation attributes are permanent house elements, such as walls and entrances. Finally, it seems that the culture of Iranian home further emphasizes such concepts as confidentiality, purity, cooperation, and humility.

Bioclimatic Wisdom in Minangkabau Houses: Case Study of Gadang Jopang Manganti House

Bioclimatic architecture is an adaptive design to the equatorial tropical climate through passive cooling strategies. This paper aims to evaluate the bioclimatic wisdom of the Minangkabau houses to formulate passive design knowledge with visual observation techniques and measurement of the air temperature and relative humidity. The visual observation method is used to find the level of application of bioclimatic design. The measurement techniques are used to evaluate the thermal environmental comfort in the case study of the Gadang Jopang Manganti House, Munka, Limapuluh Kota, West Sumatra. The result of bioclimatic wisdom elements in the appropriate Gadang Jopang Manganti house is the orientation of the building mass and openings, placement and form of single dwelling space without partition and big roof space. The living room has a comfortable thermal environment performance indicated by the average comfort air temperature, decreasing air temperature, and a longer comfortable period. The development of a bioclimatic design for the Gadang Jopang Manganti House could be taken by improving naatural cooling or optimizing natural ventilation to remove building’s humidity.

The House of Aion in Nea Paphos: seat of an artistic synodos?

The article presents some archaeological observations based on recent publications and the author’s survey in situ of the so-called “House of Aion” at Nea Paphos in Cyprus. The archaeological context (coins and pottery) dates the last phase of this building to the 320s, its partial destruction to the earthquake of 332/342, and its final annihilation by another quake to 365. The much-discussed mosaic with mythological decoration in the triclinium and the newly analyzed wall paintings in one of the rooms (No. 7), preserving the figures of Apollo and three of the Muses, are typical decorative elements of late antique Roman elite houses. And yet, the layout of the building, the triclinium located at the entrance to the house, and the presence of two rooms with a wooden floor, laid over an earlier water cistern converted into a cellar, possibly a treasury, suggest that the function of the complex was not residential at all. Indeed, the close proximity of the “Villa of Theseus”, which was rebuilt in the same period and converted into the praetorium of the governor of the island in the first half of the 4th century, suggests that the so-called “House of Aion” could have been the seat of a Roman association, probably a synodos of Dionysiac artists (ex-technitai) who presented themselves in the theater of Paphos. Therefore, it would be better to call this building the Synodeion of Late Roman Cyprus.

Architectural Space of Ideas in the Author’s Structures Presented at the Fire Painted Images Art Festival: A Case Study

The article is aimed to discuss the place of architecture in the space of ideas. The present work discusses a specific place, the Zaspa housing estate in Gdańsk, and refers to a specific person, namely, the author of artistic installations temporarily exhibited in the Zaspa housing estate. Also, the wider context of the specific situations in which the exhibitions were displayed is presented. The article attempts to answer the question of the importance of the quality of dwelling in the context of the quality of life of city dwellers. The work focuses on the subjective quality of life, identified most often with the feeling of satisfaction with life in its various aspects and with mental well-being. The quality of living, in turn, may be defined as satisfaction with the structure and functioning of the house and its commonly shared surroundings that constitutes the context of such living. The installations exhibited in the Zaspa estate discussed in the following article represent a potential area for activities with which to change the landscape and/or architectural elements of housing estates that refer to the living space. The essence of the research lies in the analysis of the place architecture occupies in a wider context of the intangible spaces. Homes can be perceived in a phenomenological way. It this case, the spaces of the house are inside us, just as we are inside them (Bachelard, 1994).