Housing Demolition Research Articles

The paradox of housing demolition and life satisfaction: evidence from urban China

The paradox of housing demolition and life satisfaction: evidence from urban China

<i>Corrigendum to</i>: Firebrand transport from a novel firebrand generator: numerical simulation of laboratory experiments

Firebrands (often called embers) increase the propagation rate of wildfires and often cause the ignition and destruction of houses. Predicting the motion of firebrands and the ignition of new fires is therefore of significant interest to fire authorities. Numerical models have the potential to accurately predict firebrand transport. The present study focuses on conducting a set of benchmark experiments using a novel firebrand generator, a device that produces controlled and repeatable sets of firebrands, and validating a numerical model for firebrand transport against this set of experiments. The validation is conducted for the transport of non-burning and burning cubiform firebrand particles at two flow speeds. Four generic drag sub-models used to estimate drag coefficients that are suited for a wide variety of firebrand shapes are verified for their applicability to firebrand transport modelling. The four sub-models are found to be good in various degrees at predicting the transport of firebrand particles.

Women as Terrorists: a Motivational Factor Becomes a Terrorist In Indonesia

This study aims to determine whether women's motivation to become terrorists can threaten state security in Indonesia. This article shows that women are actors who play an active role in several acts of terrorism in the country. Factors that cause this to become a terrorist are low family, political and social economics, cultural influences, and ideology of religious beliefs. Terrorist acts carried out by women involve suicide bombings, destruction of public facilities, and destruction of houses of worship in several areas affected by terrorist acts. Researchers conducted research by analyzing data obtained from social media sources for data collection. After the data was received, it was processed through NVivo 12 Plus to make it more interesting. The theory used in this study uses the ladder of terrorism theory. The limitation of this research is that it uses only a few social media as data sources, so further research is expected to add richer data to expand the study.

Financial Stress Index as an Indicator of Financial Stability of Ukraine in War Conditions

The importance of proper statistical support of the financial and banking system of the country is substantiated. It was noted that the statistics of the financial sector forms indicators of monetary and credit statistics, statistics of financial markets, statistics of financial accounts and indicators of financial stability. The criteria of financial stability were described: the financial system is liquidated and capitalized; payments and settlements are studied on time; the financial system effectively transforms free funds of citizens and businesses into loans and investments, etc.
 The goal of macroprudential policy is given and the system of indicators that characterizes the level of financial stability of the country is described. It was defined the key groups of indicators, on the basis of which the models of stress testing of banking systems by the National Bank of Ukraine are implemented. Particular attention was focused on the financial stress index, which covers five sub-indices (banking sector, corporate securities, government securities, foreign exchange market, household behavior) and takes into account the effect of their correlation.The dynamics of the IFS for January - May 2022 were analyzed. It was noted that at the beginning of January, the financial stress index was 0.01, and as of February 24, 2022, it has grown rapidly to 0.466 for all components, which indicates the systemic nature of stress for the financial sector in general. It was noted that the level of the sub-index of household behavior was relatively stable, since there was no significant outflow of deposits due to the preservation of public trust in the banking system. The value of the banking sector sub-index (0.075) improved by the end of May thanks to the improvement in the level of liquidity, while the currency sub-index (0.113) maintains quite high values. In May, the IFS fell to 0.265, but the level of stress in the financial market remains quite high by historical standards.The structure of the money supply was analyzed and it was determined that its share of cash was a third of the entire money supply in circulation. The share of cash in February and March 2022 significantly increased compared to the corresponding months of 2021 - by 3.2 percentage points and by 2.9 percentage points, respectively. The share of deposits in the national currency in March 2022 amounted to 34.7%, which is 6.0 percentage points more than compared to March of the previous year. It was determined that the credit demand of the population decreased significantly during the war, in particular, the attractiveness of long-term deposits decreased. Based on the oscillation coefficient, it was determined that in the first half of 2022, the official exchange rate hryvnia to dollar was more stable than the hryvnia to euro exchange rate.The financial losses of Ukraine as a result of the war were characterized. Thus, losses of physical capital from the destruction of enterprises, housing and infrastructure reached 100 billion dollars of the USA, which is equivalent to 50% of GDP in 2021. It is noted that currently the main source of covering the budget deficit is international aid.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАВОВА ПРИЗМА БУДАПЕШТСЬКОГО МЕМОРАНДУМУ: НЕСПРАЦЬОВАНІ ГАРАНТІЇ

The Budapest Memorandum has not been ratified by any party, which from a legal point of view cannot be considered to have entered into force and contains the onset of rights and obligations. Although the Ukrainian side emphasized the need for ratification, the opposition of the United States and Russia refused to make this document legally binding. December 5, 1994, for most ordinary citizens until February 24, 2022, this date meant nothing and in most cases was unknown. However, the introduction of martial law, shelling, occupation, bombing of civilians, destruction of housing, Ukraine's pleas as a state for help from indifferent states, and most importantly hearing threats to itself about the possible use of nuclear weapons in this war have caused the issue to be raised for more than a dozen years long ago, when Ukraine, having inherited the third nuclear potential in the world, gave it to today's terrorist state, which killed hundreds of thousands of people, and the number of missing people is still unknown. This scientific article examines the issue of the Budapest Memorandum. Its legal essence and meaning are analyzed in its main parts. The official name of which is "Memorandum on security guarantees in connection with the accession of Ukraine to the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Even if we find the legal meaning of the Budapest Memorandum, but the security guarantees, which should reflect the idea that external guarantors should ensure a safe and comfortable existence in practice, on the one hand, it can be said that Great Britain and the United States have not violated its parts, on the one hand unlike Russia, however, on the other hand, by weakening Ukraine in this way, we assume that the grounds for its territorial invasion were created.

Does urban agriculture lead to gentrification?

Urban agriculture, experiencing a resurgence across the Global North, features prominently in food system sustainability and urban resilience discourse, planning, and policy. Research, however, indicates that racialized gentrification tends to accompany urban agriculture, similar to a phenomenon documented with other green space. This study used remote sensing to map home (N = 478) and community (N = 130) gardens across Detroit, an emblematic legacy city undergoing significant redevelopment. Despite being a city in which seventy-eight percent of the residents are Black, spatial regression revealed that gardens in Detroit are actually more prevalent in non-Black-neighborhoods. Community gardens predominate in neighborhoods where residents are younger, wealthier, and college-educated, while home gardens are more numerous in areas with high rates of home ownership. Modeling also indicated that gardens are in areas with limited access to fresh produce. Contrary to the literature, we did not find a correlation between the presence of gardens and potential gentrification. Gardens, however, are consistently more prevalent in neighborhoods that have stabilized after experiencing high rates of vacancy, foreclosure, and housing demolition. These results have three important implications. First, redevelopment processes in legacy cities such as Detroit, through urban agriculture and other green infrastructure, are likely to lead to garden distributions different than those found in cities with more typical development trajectories. Second, the research calls into question generalized assumptions that expanding green space inevitably leads to gentrification, necessitating deeper investigation of these dynamics in diverse urban settings. And finally, racialized narratives around gardens and redevelopment risk undermining long-standing connections between Detroit’s gardens and environmental justice.

Investigation and Analysis on the Effectiveness of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in China — Based on Some Counties and Cities in Guizhou and Anhui Provinces

In 2020, China has achieved the goal of comprehensive poverty alleviation and ushered in a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The research of this paper is conducted based on research and comparison to truly understand the different methods adopted in targeted poverty alleviation in different places. Field research was conducted in 22 villages in Lingbi County of Anhui Province and Wuchuan County of Guizhou Province, and primary data were obtained by household visits and surveys, which was adopted as the research basis. Through comparison, it is found that education based poverty alleviation and industrial poverty alleviation were adopted as the main methods in Lingbi County with development of characteristic planting industry, rural tourism based poverty alleviation and agricultural product processing industry at the agricultural level. Meanwhile, photovoltaic based poverty alleviation and e-commerce poverty alleviation projects were vigorously developed. The way of poverty alleviation by relocation and industry was mainly adopted in Wuchuan County, centering on agricultural development, relocation based poverty alleviation, demolition of old houses, reclamation and eco-friendly measures. To some extent, the different paths of the two counties reflect the different concepts in targeted poverty alleviation in the two provinces and even the two regions, providing a valuable reference for further research on targeted poverty alleviation.

Study on Architectural Landscape Cultural Representation and Ecological Wisdom of Zengtou Qiang Village in Lixian County, Sichuan Province

As the material carrier of Qiang ancient civilization, the architecture of Qiang minority plays an extremely important role in the inheritance and development of Qiang culture. Zengtou Village has the reputation of the ancient Qiang tribe in the clouds. It is the well-preserved Qiang architectural culture and art preserved in the world. It has extremely high aesthetic value and research value. Due to the entry of modern civilization and geological disasters and other reasons, the withering and destruction of local traditional houses have been accelerated. In this paper, a case study is mad on the residential buildings of Zengtou Qiang Village in Lixian County, Sichuan Province, with Zengtou Xiazhai, Xiaozhai, Zhongzhai, and Shangzhai as the main investigation objects, and the representative residential buildings of each village are surveyed in detail, including the general situation of the village, the layout of the courtyard, the structure of the residential building, the decoration, the ecology etc.. Based on this, ecological wisdom of the residential building of Qiang is figured out.

Capacity Building for Disaster Mitigation in The Flood Plains Areas of Kogi State, Nigeria

Capacity buildings in the built environment shut the laxity of urban control and regulatory compliance in developing areas. In Kogi State, Nigeria, they had been an urban chaos of natural disasters such as floods leading to deaths, destruction of houses, and properties in communities. This paper identifies and examines the potential hazards and risks precaution, focusing on the development of local stakeholders for threat identification, preparedness, strengths and weakness towards disaster mitigation in Nigeria. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire survey of building owners, residents, architects, engineers, surveyors, building supervisors, and building control officers with a valid percentage of 82% responses, and semi-structured face-to-face interviews and case study methods with aforementioned built environment relevant stakeholders in obtaining information on the necessity of capacity building to prevent or reduce the impact of disaster. Using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics analysis and the content analysis for qualitative data, the findings indicates that professionals in the built environment support the development of local communities and other stakeholders in identifying hazards, knowing who is at risk to be harmed, the precaution to be taken, record keeping, and periodic updating of the data. There was a capacity building gap for self-help disaster prevention and strengthening among the local communities as it relates to the built environment standards and regulations which will reduce the impacts of the hazard from the case studies. And the qualitative analysis revealed that there was sketchy information on previous data of disaster occurrences, awareness on preparedness, local infrastructures development and maintenance for standards and regulation compliance and control strategies are in dire needs of the local capacity building in Nigeria. Thus, the findings finally lead to the proposed recommendations uch as compulsory training to improve skills and knowledge of stakeholders, insurance policy education to create awareness, suspension of building approval within the areas, and training of vulnerable women and children for the local capacity building as a means of reducing the impacts of disasters in Nigeria.

Digital-skills of building economists in the era of VUCA and BANI-WORLD

This article is devoted to the formation and use of digital-skills by construction economists at the turn of the era of VUCA-world and BANI-world concepts.
 Especially given the current realities of globalization of socio-economic institutions and institutions, challenges related to climate change, pandemics, military conflicts and cataclysms, digital skills will replace the "soft" skills needed by construction economists, both in training and continuing education. for life.
 The treacherous, inhuman aggression of the Russian Federation has caused large-scale destruction of housing, industrial buildings and infrastructure. Restoration of damaged and lost objects is associated with considerable costs, the amount of which is currently almost impossible to estimate. Despite the unprecedented steps of the Government of Ukraine, first of all, the simplification of procedures for the import of construction materials, to avoid the problem of rising construction costs, unfortunately, will not succeed. First of all, in order to rebuild Ukraine as soon as possible, there will be an increase in demand for construction materials, products and kits in most international markets. At the same time, world prices will definitely grow. In turn, the cost of construction and the need to increase investment will increase. This problem will be most acute for all participants in housing construction, as in the post-war conditions such projects will be deprived of a commercial component.
 According to the Network Readiness Index, Ukraine is relatively well developed in such areas as technology, human capital, economy, living standards and contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The harmonious development of digital skills of construction economists at the turn of the VUCA and BANI epochs on the basis of market organizational and economic mechanisms and public e-government will enable the sectors and economies of construction companies and construction economists to make a digital leap.
 BANI is a way to better understand the current state of the world and somehow respond to it. Some of the changes in society, the environment and technology are familiar to us - they are stressful, but we have encountered them before. But so many changes are taking place now that are unfamiliar, incomprehensible and disorienting. They increase the stress we feel and increase it. As in the acronym VUCA, each letter BANI has a special meaning that affects the concept.
 The paper simulates, taking into account the BANI concept, using a factor-criterion qualimetric model to assess the level of professional motivation of the Kovalska Group on the example of construction economists and communicative interaction on the example of the personnel department during martial law in Ukraine.
 The use of these models will help eliminate bias in the evaluation process, help manage motivation, inform employees and managers about development reserves (growth), increase the level of positive communicative interaction with the environment, ie purposefully manage productive activities with digital-skills in VUCA and BANI-world.

Gender-based violence experiences among Palestinian women during the COVID-19 pandemic: mental health professionals\u2019 perceptions and concerns

BackgroundIn a geopolitically at-risk environment, such as Palestine, gender-based violence (GBV) is still a crucial problem rooted in discriminatory laws and traditional habits exacerbated by the ongoing Israeli military occupation. Moreover, the lack of updated data makes it difficult to grasp the magnitude of the phenomenon entirely; the purpose of the current study was to explore mental health professionals’ perceptions and concerns on GBV among Palestinian women during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsParticipants in the study were 30 Mental Health Professionals (MHP) selected using convenience and snowball sampling techniques from among MHP in northern West Bank, Palestine.ResultsA thematic content analysis revealed seven main themes of GBV during the pandemic. Palestinian MHP reported that the increased number of GBV cases among women during the COVID-19, quarantine, physical distancing measures, and closure of non-essential services significantly heightened the risks of GBV among Palestinian women. Moreover, Palestinian women involved with or married to older men or married at a very young age were at risk of GBV more than others. Results of qualitative analysis also showed that Israeli occupation and the political violence characterizing the area for decades (including restriction of movement, house demolitions, separation of family members, etc.) have also exacerbated and increased GBV in the occupied Palestinian territories.ConclusionsImproving intervention skills and supervision services among Palestinian MHP to help women who face GBV is recommended. Moreover, additional research should be conducted to explore the risk and potential factors of GBV, agency, and coping strategies to deal with GBV.

The Role of Local Building Systems in Enhancing the Sustainability of Post-Disaster Temporary Housing

Housing destruction and resulting population displacement are among the most visible effects of post-disaster scenarios, and the provision of temporary housing during the disaster recovery phase is critical to ensuring adequate levels of comfort, protection, privacy, and a gradual return to normal life activities. The urgent need to provide temporary housing quickly led to a focus on the use of prefabricated building systems based on standardized and comprehensive solutions, and despite the multitude of solutions offered in previous disaster scenarios, they often led to unsuccessful results. Since the solutions offered did not meet users' social and cultural needs, they were unsustainable in the long and short term of the disaster recovery period. Conversely, solutions based on local building systems can significantly reduce costs and provide temporary housing units faster. The research aims to understand the role of the local building system in building and providing temporary housing after disasters and its impact on the sustainable performance of temporary housing during the disaster recovery phase. The research found that a balanced use of prefabricated and local building systems is the best option to make temporary housing more successful after disasters. Keywords: post-disaster, sustainability, temporary housing, local building systems, prefabricated building systems DOI: 10.7176/CER/14-2-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Persuasive Technology.

Persuasive Technology.

Rupture in heritage: strategies of dispossession, elimination and co-resistance

ABSTRACT Diaspora and Israel Jews are increasingly engaging their historical narratives of liberation within new forms of co-resistance to the Israeli Occupation, a history that controversially has been weaponized by the settler colonial power to manifest its dispossessive policies. ‘Occupation is not our Judaism’ has become a political slogan to mobilise Jews against land confiscation, house demolitions, trees uprooting, interrogations, and the Annexation Wall. Activists are concerned about the enactment of violence in the name of Judaism, and seek to contest the establishment of a Jewish nation-state as a solution to antisemitism. Their Jewish identities are articulated on the basis of Israel-centrism, and through intersectional struggles for universal liberation. This article explores the ways in which Jewish historical narratives inform the settler colonial policies in Palestine and the counter activism in which Jews play a potential role. It focuses on the patterns of ‘co-resistance’ which emerged after the collapse of the Oslo Accords of 1993. While co-existence was propagated during the 1990s to reveal the occupier and occupied as two equal sides, co-resistance emerged as a counter narrative in which Jewish and Palestinian activists stand in solidarity against the occupation. Interviews and on-site observations in the Old Town of Hebron showed how heritage and history have been weaponized by settlers to construct Jewish-only enclaves and to destroy the social and spatial realities that signify the collective identity of the Natives. Despite the failure of co-resistance to reverse the settlement project, the interviewed activists saw it as a viable form of resistance to this project. This article explored its potential in dismissing any claim that casts the settler colonial project in Hebron as a natural return of Hebron’s Jews to their history, and to link Nakba to tikkun olam, challenging its exclusion from the moral universe of the Jewish legacies of liberation.

Effects of housing demolition on labor supply: Evidence from China

AbstractThis paper investigates how housing demolition affects labor supply using the China Family Panel Studies, a nationally representative household survey from China. We argue that housing demolition is likely to be random across households within the same community. We find that housing demolition reduces overall labor force participation by ~3.3 percentage points and farm work participation by ~4.4 percentage points. We also find that the negative impact on labor force participation is mainly driven by older people, women, less‐educated people, and people living in rural regions. The negative impact of housing demolition on labor force participation persists over time.

On-site detection of asbestos at the surface of building materials wasted at disaster sites by staining.

We have developed a method to detect asbestos by staining the surface of building materials in order to quickly detect asbestos-containing building materials at disaster sites. After staining, asbestos was easily detected by the color and characteristic shape of the images observed under a stereomicroscope. The type of asbestos was confirmed to be chrysotile by polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, and Raman spectra. The percentage of the area of asbestos at the surface of building materials was also determined by an image analyzer after the dye staining, and the distribution percentage of asbestos increased with its total concentration in the building material. Three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography images showed that asbestos was mainly distributed at the surface of building materials. This result suggests that the asbestos at the surface of debris of building materials is more easily and sensitively detected than total asbestos analysis by pulverization. The present method was applied to detect and determine asbestos in debris of building materials wasted at temporary storage sites after disaster and on the wall of a building in use. Therefore, this method can contribute to the classification of asbestos-containing and non-asbestos-containing building materials at disaster sites and demolition sites, as well as to preliminary inspections for the detection of asbestos-containing building materials before demolition of houses and buildings.

Housing demolition and financial market investment: evidence from Chinese household data

ABSTRACT This paper estimates the impact of housing demolitions on households’ investment behaviour in financial markets in China using a large microeconomic data set. This study provides new evidence on the effect of demolitions on families’ investment behaviour from a natural experiment created by housing demolition and compensation events. We find that housing demolitions significantly increase households’ participation in risky financial markets. Households’ portfolio choices in responses to demolitions vary substantially across household characteristics. The affected households in urban areas and those with cash compensation are more likely to participate in risky asset markets, while the affected low-income families decrease investment in financial markets. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we propose a framework of how housing demolitions increase households’ financial asset allocation. Our results indicate that changes in precautionary motive for savings and risk preference hold substantial importance.

Research on Public Interest in House Demolition

Many laws and regulations in China have stipulated that housing demolition and land expropriation can be carried out based on the needs of public interests, but there is no clear explanation of the meaning of public interest. Demolition occurs with the development of the city, and many demolition behaviors need specific guidance. From the perspective of historical evolution, public interest and national construction are inseparable. From the perspective of text, public interest can be divided into public interest and interest. The judgment of public interest also needs to be supervised and restricted by other organs when it is handed over to administrative organs. By dividing the construction purpose into different categories, it is convenient to define the public interest with different strictness and judge the public interest with certain procedural principles with the hope to achieve the effect of improving the evaluation mode of public interest.

Firebrand transport from a novel firebrand generator: numerical simulation of laboratory experiments

Firebrands (often called embers) increase the propagation rate of wildfires and often cause the ignition and destruction of houses. Predicting the motion of firebrands and the ignition of new fires is therefore of significant interest to fire authorities. Numerical models have the potential to accurately predict firebrand transport. The present study focuses on conducting a set of benchmark experiments using a novel firebrand generator, a device that produces controlled and repeatable sets of firebrands, and validating a numerical model for firebrand transport against this set of experiments. The validation is conducted for the transport of non-burning and burning cubiform firebrand particles at two flow speeds. Four generic drag sub-models used to estimate drag coefficients that are suited for a wide variety of firebrand shapes are verified for their applicability to firebrand transport modelling. The four sub-models are found to be good in various degrees at predicting the transport of firebrand particles.

Зарубіжний досвід вирішення проблемних ситуацій в регіональному розвитку після воєнних конфліктів

The military aggression of the RF, which began on the 24th of February 2022, has already led to a huge number of deaths, the loss of industrial enterprises due to their complete or partial damage, the destruction of housing and other social infrastructure. These and other grave consequences together indicate a huge humanitarian catastrophe in our country. Currently, it is impossible to estimate all the losses of Ukrainian economy from the war owing to lack of statistics, but the projected drop in Ukraine’s GDP in 2022 will range from –10% to –40% provided that the active phase of the war lasts no longer than several months and the geography of the occupied territories does not expand. The projected economic decline as a result of hostilities is exacerbated by a sharp decrease in export opportunities due to the blocking of seaports, the loss of metallurgical enterprises, impossible sowing activities because of the mined agricultural fields, etc. As of April 2022, the most war-affected were nine regions of Ukraine, which in 2020 accounted for 30% of the country’s GDP, including the Kharkiv region. Under these conditions, it is useful to study foreign experience in solving problematic situations in terms of post-conflict regional development. The purpose of this article is to generalize foreign experience in solving problematic situations and economic recovery in different world countries together with their regions after military conflicts. The carried out analysis of the impact of military conflicts on the economies of the affected countries indicates the rapid dynamics of the fall in GDP per capita after the military actions. Therefore, the issue of creating effective mechanisms for solving problematic situations in regional development caused by the war arises immediately after the completion of hostilities. The peculiarities of the implementation of the Marshall Plan as an exhaustive example of an effective mechanism for the reconstruction of the economy of European countries and their regions, the elimination of trade barriers, the restoration of production potential, and the development of a democratic society are researched. An analysis of the experience of Yugoslavia after the Second World War, when obtaining assistance from the United States, which allowed to introduce a sufficiently effective State policy to stimulate the socioeconomic development of the country’s troubled regions, is carried out.