Housing Bank Research Articles

Crisis? What crisis? A critical appraisal of World Bank housing policy in the wake of the global financial crisis

This paper critically assesses international policy advocacy on how to resolve massive shelter needs in the developing world. It does so by focusing on the World Bank as a leader in development. It argues that the Bank’s housing policy remains thoroughly limited by its persistent commitment to neoliberal and financialised policy practices. These put housing finance at the centre of attempts to relieve shelter needs in the developing world despite the dramatic failures of such an approach as laid bare through the global financial crisis. The paper takes a historical approach to examine the trajectory of World Bank housing policy and is based on close scrutiny of a combination of quantitative and qualitative data. It concludes that an urgent need persists for a decoupling of finance from housing in international policy advocacy.

Effect of opening architectural shapes on users’ emotion with Kansei method

ABSTRACTPaying attention to psychological aspect of human being along with meeting his physical needs are among the factors that have found their special place in different sciences such as architectural design. Appropriate design of interior space and facade of spaces will lead to stimulation of positive feelings. However, architects consider it with their personal tendencies and tastes. The aim of the present study is to assess and extract user’s emotions about facade openings of Maskan (Housing) Bank in the city of Sari, Iran. Investigations were conducted through the Kansei engineering method to calculate and obtain the user’s feeling accurately. Questionnaires were set for 200 statistical samples through the semantic differential (SD) method with a 7-point Likert scale. The responses were analyzed in the SPSS software with a mean test, standard deviation, independent sample T-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Findings indicate that participant’s background characteristics such as gender, age, temperament, blood group, education and work had effects on users’ emotions. This research also approves a significant relation between design quantitative (type of openings) and qualitative (Kansei words) characteristics in the Kansei engineering technique. The emotion of most of the participants toward picture 2 (triangular openings) was assessed inappropriate. The arched openings in the traits related to religion in words such as loyal, trustee, and moderate with a correlation of 0.6, 0.63, and 0.6, respectively; and rectangular openings with vertical extension in traits related to finance and banking in words such as stability with the correlation of 0.62 had the maximum significant relationship.

Planning future care services: Analyses of investments in Norwegian municipalities.

To analyse whether the Norwegian Central Government's goal of subsidizing 12,000 places in nursing homes or sheltered housing using an earmarked grant was reached and to determine towards which group of users the planned investments were targeted. Data from the investment plans at municipal level were provided by the Norwegian Housing Bank and linked to variables describing the municipalities' financial situation as well as variables describing the local needs for services provided by Statistics Norway. Using regression analyses we estimated the associations between municipal characteristics and planned investments in total and by type of care place. The Norwegian Central Government reached its goal of giving subsidies to 12,000 new or rebuilt places in nursing homes and sheltered housing. A total of 54% of the subsidies (6878 places) were given to places in nursing homes. About 7500 places were available by the end of the planning period and the rest were under construction. About 50% of the places were planned for user groups aged <67 years and 23% of the places for users aged <25 years. One-third of the places were planned for users with intellectual disabilities. Investments in nursing homes were correlated with the share of the population older than 80 years and investments in sheltered houses were correlated with the share of users with intellectual disabilities. Earmarked grants to municipalities can be adequate measures to affect local resource allocation and thereby stimulate investments in future care. With the current institutional setup the municipalities adapt investments to local needs.

“Resources in the Service of the Nation” – Alternative Options for the City Loan of 1925 and Its Spending

Foreign loans acquired a dominant role in the stabilization and reorganization of the Hungarian national economy in the interwar years. The loans lent by the Speyer Banking House opened the opportunity of obtaining development resources for Hungarian cities through mortgage bonds. The localities spent the majority of the American loans on investments in infrastructure and public utility developments. The foreign loans imposed an enduring and significant burden on the cities, but they resulted in substantial and permanent changes in the lives of local governments, they contributed to the development of public utilities, public institutions and to the improvement of living conditions in the interwar years. However, we find significant differences from city to city in the utilization of the loans and the successful implementation of the capital investments. In some cities the repayment imposed a lighter burden and in other places the debt service strained the budget of the city by resulting in a persistent problem. In my study I explored the economic and economic policy circumstances of the borrowing of the city loan of 1925 and the characteristics its utilization.

Land and Housing Bank with Sharing Economy

Land and Housing Bank with Sharing Economy

Land and Housing Bank to Cope with New Normal of Global Financial Crisis: Focusing on US Cases

Land and Housing Bank to Cope with New Normal of Global Financial Crisis: Focusing on US Cases

Banqueros españoles en París (1820-1940)

This paper presents a first approach to the study of the presence and activity of different Spanish bankers operating in Paris between 1820 and 1940. This study also pays particular attention to the trajectory of three different banking houses that were able to survive their respective founders (the Uribarren-Abaroa Bank, the Mijtans-Movellan Bank, and the Gil Bank). An analysis is also made on the origin of the capital base that allowed these Banking houses, on how the American horizon was present in its activity, and what were the main sources of their activity, as well as the links that these bankers and their Banking houses had with Spanish capitalism.

Aby Warburg, the Hopi Serpent Ritual and Ludwig Binswanger

Aby Warburg was the scion of a prominent Hamburg banking house who became a distinguished European cultural and art historian. He researched the vestiges of pagan antiquity in Renaissance and Reformation art, explored the secret rituals of the Hopis in Arizona, and acutely perceived the savage anti-Semitism in German and European culture. He developed a paranoid psychosis, and was treated by Freud and Bleuler's pupil Ludwig Binswanger in his Kreuzlingen sanatorium, where we can see his existential and relational treatment at work. Warburg was released after he could present a coherent account of the Hopi ‘serpent ritual’ in a public lecture. The brutal pagan underside of European culture was not only in the high cultural artefacts he studied; it was also inside Warburg. This paper explores the interweaving of inner life with creative work and the relationships between Warburg, Binswanger and Freud.

The transmission of the financial crisis in 1907: an empirical investigation

Using an extensive high-frequency data set, we investigate the transmission of financial crisis specifically focusing on the Panic of 1907, the final severe panic of the National Banking Era (1863–1913). We trace the transmission of the crisis from New York City trust companies to the New York City national banks through direct and indirect interconnections. Trust companies held cash balances at national banks and these balances were liquidated as trust companies suffered depositor runs. Secondly, trust companies and national banks were notable creditors to the New York Stock Exchange; when trusts were suffering runs, the call loan market on the stock exchange seized. The crisis spread to the interior banks after the New York Clearing House banks restricted the convertibility of deposits into cash. Bond returns were sharply negative in the 2 weeks following the suspension. The suspension of convertibility produced a currency premium, which in turn attracted gold imports from Europe. The New York Clearing House had only limited capability to fight the panic through its use of clearing house loan certificates. The gold imports ultimately restored liquidity to financial markets.

Financial institutions performance evaluation in a unique developing market using TOPSIS approach

Using Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS) approach for the data from 2011 to 2015, the authors investigate the financial performance of 16 different financial institutions in Oman that include nine commercial banks, three specialized banks, two investment companies, and two finance companies. They find that the one investment company, Dhofar International Development and Investment Holding Co., was more efficient in 2015 and 2011. Moreover, Oman Housing Bank was more efficient in 2013 and 2014, while Ahli Bank was more efficient in the year 2012. In contrast, Bank Muscat that has the largest total assets was ranked number 16 for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. As a result of Spearman’s Rho (Rank-Order) Correlation, all ranked results are related to other years. If a bank is at placement in level, it can be affected by year before or year after. But Oman banks’ correlations shows that there are 2 different periods as effecting one year to the other. Keywords: financial institutions performance, TOPSIS, emerging markets, efficiency, decision making criteria. JEL Classification: G21, G23, L25

Study of the Relationship between Organizational Silence, Job Exhaustion and Job Performance among Farshousing Bank Staff

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational silence, job exhaustion and job performance. It was a correlationstudy. The sample population included 642 employees of the Housing Bank of Fars province. Selection of the participants was carried out using a single-stage cluster sampling method and 133 subjects were selected as sample. In this study, three questionnaires including: job performance (Patterson, 1970), job exhaustion (Maslach &amp; Jackson, 1981) and organizational silence (Vakvla &amp; Bvradas, 2005) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis, mean, and standard deviation, were used to analyze the data. The result indicated that job performance and job exhaustion have a negative and significantcorrelation with institutional performance, among them, organizational silence, attitude of the headmaster towards the silence, and the prospect of higher management towards silence can reversely predict job performance and dimensions related to the communication opportunitieshave direct relationship with performance. Also, among the dimensions of job exhaustion, the dimension of reduction of personal success has a more effective role in job exhaustion of housing bank employees.

The Impact of Electronic Banking Services on the Customers Loyalty of Commercial Banks in Jordan

The study aimed to examine the impact of Electronic banking services on the customers’ loyalty of commercial banks in Jordan. The Electronic banking services represented by (ease of use, usefulness, cost of use, web site design, Privacy and accessibility). The population of the study consisted of customers of commercial banks in the North region of Jordan which are (Cairo Amman Bank, The Housing Bank for Trade and Finance, Ahli Bank, Bank Al-Etihad, Bank of Jordan, Arab Bank), a random sample was taken amounted (400) participants, SPSS version17, was used to examine the study hypotheses and achieve its objectives. The study found that there is statistical significant impact of the Electronic banking services (Ease of use, usefulness, Web Site Design, privacy) on Customers loyalty of commercial Banks in Jordan. Regarding the dimension of Accessibility, the study indicates that it had insignificant impact on Customers loyalty. The researchers recommend the use of specialists in the field of electronic sites design in particular, because the site attractiveness needs experience sufficient experience in this area to support its attractiveness for customers, and to benefit from the experiences of the developed countries in the field of software technology control and protection of customer information, in order to strengthen current Software applied to those banks.

Comprehensive Study on Strategic Management Accounting Techniques in Jordan Banks

There are many types of Strategic Management Accounting Techniques (SMA) that are used in many companies around the world. These techniques are ABC, COQ, SCM, VCC, BSC, EMA, benchmarking, CPA, valuation of customer assets, competitor position monitoring, competitor cost assessment, and customer lifetime value, Life Cycle Costing (LCC), Target cost, Attribute cost. In this paper, we make a comprehensive study on managements cost techniques that are used in Jordan Banks. We held our methodology by questionnaires that have been sent to one of the biggest banks in Jordan in which is the Jordan Housing bank. The results shows that 5 of 15 SMA that have the strong agree of usage, while 2 have partial agree of usage in this bank.

خفض التكاليف من خلال تطبيق نظام التكاليف على أساس النشاط وإمكانية التطبيق في القطاع المصرفي. دراسة حالة:بنك الإسكان للتجارة والتمويل

تهدف هذه الدراسة التحقق من إمكانية تطبيق نظام التكاليف على أساس النشاط في البنوك وذلك من خلال دراسة حالة بنك الإسكان للتجارة والتمويل.وتم جمع البيانات من الأدبيات ذات الصلة بالإضافة إلى التقرير السنوي لبنك الإسكان للتجارة والتمويل لعام 2013 حيث استند الباحثان على تحليل قائمة الدخل الخاصة بالبنك التي أظهرت قيام البنك بتحميل التكاليف على حساب ملخص الدخل طبقاً لنظام التكاليف التقليدي. وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن بنك الإسكان لا زال يطبق نظام التكاليف التقليدي على الرغم من أن تطبيق نظام التكاليف على أساس النشاط يوفر للبنك فوائد عديدة منها : تخفيض التكاليف التشغيلية واحتساب تكلفة العميل بدقة أكثر ، وزيادة ربحية للبنك .

Impact of Information Systems on Innovation (Product Innovation, Process Innovation) - Field Study on the Housing Bank in Jordon

The use and activation of information systems is now considered an important measure of the extent of organizations growth and progress. Thus, many of organizations accelerated and rushed today to find, develop and benefit from such systems to achieve its objectives. Perhaps the successive technological developments have made access to information quickly and easily, especially in light of the low costs of obtaining and using such systems; and to meet the needs of organizations and support performing the administrative functions therein. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effect of management information system (TPS, MIS, DSS, ESS) on innovation (Product and process). The study population consisted of the Housing Bank branches in Irbid Governorate in all senior, middle and lower administrative levels. Sample was taken from all employees in the branches of the Housing Bank in Irbid Governorat. Approximately 160 questionnaires were distributed. About 152 questionnaires were retrieved. About 13 questionnaires were excluded due to non-validity of the statistical analysis, so that the questionnaires valid for analysis would become 139 questionnaires to form the percentage of (91%). The study reached to conclusion of, Existence of positive significant correlation between each of the management information system, decision support system, Executive Information Systems and innovation (product and process). Lack of positive correlation between the Transaction Processing Systems and innovation (product and process). The researcher recommended, focusing on the use of decision support systems for the nature of the data which can be provided, as it depends on the internal and external data systems, which assist the organization in studying and analyzing the internal position of the organization that is reflected on its external position which contributes to increase its competitiveness through discovering new services and products increase the satisfaction of the customer’s desire.

Innovations In Housing Finance Sector: In Reference To National Housing Bank

structure, products, appraisal and recovery norms etc. Aggressive competition in the field of housing finance has made it imperative that only effective and efficient functioning will be the key to survival and success in the long run. As the apex housing finance institution of the country, NHB has been monitoring and regulating the housing finance industry to ensure its growth on sound and healthy lines. The objective of the paper is to review of existing housing finance products and potential and opportunities associated with innovations in housing finance products. The programme will address issues like Productive Housing in Rural Areas, issues related to Reverse Mortgage and Aam Aadmi Awas along with existing housing finance products.

The Investigation of Bank Loans Role for Housing in Rural Development (Case Study: Rural Areas in Ošnaviya County)

The Investigation of Bank Loans Role for Housing in Rural Development (Case Study: Rural Areas in Ošnaviya County)

Cross-Border Bank Flows, Funding Liquidity and House Prices

The paper investigates the impact of global liquidity, proxied by funding liquidity, on house prices around the world. Focusing on the repo markets in US, Europe, UK and Japan, we document that changes in liquidity are related to cross-border bank flows and affect house prices. Highlighting the importance of looking beyond the US, we find that the liquidity effect depends on where liquidity has originated. Moreover, there is evidence of important banking and financial channels for liquidity shocks to house prices, especially in emerging markets. The exposure of house prices to liquidity shocks may be contained by certain country characteristics and policies.

Direito à Moradia e Gentrificação: A Política de Aluguel em Foco

O presente estudo aborda as formas de realização do Direito Fundamental Social à Moradia e as respectivas políticas públicas de Habitação no Brasil. Analisa como se dá a produção do espaço urbano no país, partindo desde os paradigmas advindos com o extinto Banco Nacional de Habitação (BNH) até os dias atuais. Trabalha a definição daquilo que é efetivamente o direito à moradia, com enfoque na tradição patrimonialista brasileira. Perpassa pelas consequências da má administração da política habitacional em nível nacional e, assim, formula perspectivas para possíveis soluções ao grande déficit habitacional e à segregação urbana em nossas cidades.

Spreading fear, communicating trust: writing letters and telegrams during the Panic of 1873

This article analyses how journalists and businessmen used and perceived the Atlantic cable following the failure of New York banking house Jay Cooke & Co. in September 1873, an event which sparked stock markets panics in Vienna and Berlin. It is argued that while bankers successfully used telegraphic cables to communicate intelligence such as price information, letters proved superior as a medium for establishing personal trust, as the case of New York banker George Opdyke shows. Journalists, too, were critical of the telegraph’s performance, blaming the paucity of information available on the technology’s supposedly inherent deficiencies. This criticism, it is argued, was ultimately based on the ‘imagined reception’ of cables by their senders, as well as on the persistence of earlier imagined uses of telegraphy. These, I argue, continued to inform contemporary expectations of telegraphy’s performance.