Hours Of Usage Research Articles

Fast and Efficient Data Masking Method for Securing Image Over Cloud Computing Environment

Objective: Preserving the confidentiality of sensitive information is becoming more and more difficult and challenging, considering current scenarios, as a huge amount of multimedia data are stored and communicated over the internet among users and cloud computing environment. The existing cryptography security model for storing images on a cloud platform cannot resist various kinds of modern attacks, such as statistical, differential, brute force, cropping attack, etc., therefore, an improved bit scrambling technique using chaotic maps that can resist various kinds of security attacks is needed. The FEDM cipher image provides less correlation among neighboring pixels and images can be decrypted even under the presence of noise. This study proposed a FEDM model to achieve better UACI, NPCR, histogram, runtime, and processing time performance than the existing image security methods. Methods: Preserving the confidentiality of sensitive information is becoming more and more difficult and challenging considering current scenarios as a huge amount of multimedia data are stored and communicated over the internet among users and cloud computing environment. The existing cryptography security model for storing images on a cloud platform cannot resist various kinds of modern attacks such as statistical, differential, brute force, cropping attack, etc. Results: The overall results show that the proposed FEDM model attains much superior performance considering histogram, UACI, NPCR, and runtime. The FEDM model can resist against SA. The FEDM model attains better performance because IBS is used in each step of CS. Thus, a correlation between adjacent pixels is less and aids superior security performance. Further, the FEDM model attains better UACI and NPCR performance when compared with the exiting image encryption model. Conclusion: The FEDM security method can resist DA, noise, cropping attack, and linear attacks more efficiently due to a larger keyspace. Further, the FEDM takes less time for provisioning security. Along with this, FEDM works smoothly under a cloud computing environment. No prior work has considered runtime performance evaluation under the cloud computing environment. FEDM model will significantly aid in reducing the overall operational cost of a cloud computing environment with a reduction in processing time as cloud charge is based on hours of usage.

Smart phones and the sperm: Do smartphones have an effect on semen parameters-An analytical cross-sectional study in an Indian tertiary care centre

Introduction and Aim: Cell phones are an essential part of our daily life. The effect of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by smart phones on male infertility is unclear and subject to debate. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of smartphone devices on semen parameters. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective, analytical study conducted on 145 infertile men attending the Out-patient department of Father Muller Medical College Hospital. The participants were recruited through a questionnaire-based approach following an abstinence of minimum 3 days. A minimum of 1 ml of semen sample was collected by masturbation in a sterile container. The participants were divided into 2 groups (< 2 hours and >2 hours) based on the hours of mobile usage. The main outcome measures analyzed were volume, liquefaction time, pH, viscosity, sperm concentration, motility, viability, and sperm morphology. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 35.31±5.70 years, with primary male infertility being the chief complaint in 96.6% (140 cases). Our study showed a statistically insignificant inverse correlation between the time spent on the phone in hours with sperm concentration and motility. A weak negative correlation was also seen with usage of phone over 5 years and normal morphology. All other parameters did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: Our study failed to show any significant association between semen parameters and smartphone usage. However, a slight reduction in concentration, motility and normal morphology was observed which opens up avenues for future research.

The Relationship of Facebook Messenger Marketing to the Purchasing Intention of the Consumers of Philippine MSMEs

Philippines, as the social media capital of the world, has the highest social media usage rate, with over 60% higher than the average rate for other countries and which amounts to an average of 11 hours of usage per day, as of 2021. Compared to over 9 hours per day last 2019, it is evident that the pandemic caused a spike in the statistics since more people are on their phones while staying at home. From the start of the pandemic, the use of social media platforms including Facebook Messenger for marketing product and service offerings from MSMEs has also increased. The restrictions brought upon by the rise of COVID-19, made MSMEs integrate the use of these platforms to market their products and connect with their consumers by providing online customer service. 300 respondents were asked to answer the survey which involves questions about service/web qualities and purchase intention to which the researchers discovered the significance of informativeness, assurance, and empathy towards the purchase intention of the consumers in encountering messages from MSMEs on Facebook Messenger. It was found that web and service quality factors affect the purchase intention of the respondents positively to a certain degree. This study has shown that most people prefer to use Facebook Messenger when it comes to purchasing things online. Different levels of significance with purchase intention were found among different factors of marketing messages sent through Facebook Messenger. Informativeness, assurance, and empathy are the ones that are significantly correlated with purchase intention. Whereas Access, Reliability, and Responsibility have a lower significance with Purchase Intention.

We live in a virtual world: Training the trainee using an integrated visual reality simulator curriculum

BackgroundGynaecology trainees struggle to obtain adequate procedural experience. Training programs integrating virtual reality simulators (VRS) have been suggested as a solution.AimsThe study aimed to assess if a VRS training program (LapSim®, Surgical Sciences, Göteborg, 2017) improved live operating performance at six months for novice and experienced trainees. Additional outcomes included the association between LapSim® logged time and live operating performance at six months, LapSim® scores and live operating performance at zero and sixmonths and the difference in benefit for novice and experienced gynaecology trainees.MethodsA prospective intervention study was conducted. Novice and experienced trainees were enrolled, and comparisons made at zero‐ and six‐month time points. The intervention groups were provided with a laparoscopic gynaecology curriculum incorporating VRS. Controls underwent routine training only. Assessment of live operating performance was conducted after six months training.ResultsThirty‐five trainees participated, and 25 had access to the VRS curriculum (17 novice and eight experienced trainees). Access to the VRS curriculum and time spent training on the LapSim® made no difference to live operating ability for either intervention group (P > 0.05). The median (interquartile range) hours of VRS usage were 7.9 (4.5–10.8) and 6.0 (4.0–6.8) for novice and experienced trainees respectively. The intervention group provided positive feedback on the utility of VRS in their laparoscopic skill development.ConclusionOptimal utilisation of VRS in Australian training paradigms remains incompletely understood. Further research is required to establish the most effective integration of VRS into training models to ensure uptake and transferability to the operating theatre.

Practices, awareness, and perception towards home-based COVID-19 management among the general population in Mangalore city in south India.

Background: Most patients with COVID-19 experience mild illness, which can be managed in a home environment. This study was done to assess the perception, awareness, and practices regarding home-based management of COVID-19 among the general population in India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in May and June 2021. Data were collected using a Google Form. Results: Mean age of the 294 participants was 36.6 ± 12.1 years. Of these participants, 45 (15.3%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 anytime in the past. Among them, 37 (82.2%) underwent home-based management for COVID-19. Monitoring body temperature and oxygen saturation were performed just once a day by 15.2% and 5.9% of COVID-19 patients respectively. Self-medication was practiced by 11 (29.7%) patients. Disposable face masks were worn by 23 (62.2%) patients beyond eight hours of continuous usage. The disposable type of face mask was not discarded despite becoming wet, and cloth masks were worn by eight (21.6%) patients. Disposable gloves were only worn by 14 (37.8%) caregivers of COVID-19 patients. As many as 10 (27%) patients were tested for COVID-19 after completion of home isolation. Awareness of all mild symptoms and signs of the disease was known to only 19 (6.5%) participants. Normal oxygen saturation in the blood was known to 40 (13.6%) participants. Just six (2%) participants were aware of the correct duration of home isolation in a symptomatic patient with COVID-19. The recommended duration of handwashing with soap and water was known to 102 (34.7%) participants. As many as 17.4% and 32.7% of participants were not confident in using thermometer and pulse oximeter respectively. Conclusion: Practices, awareness, and perception regarding certain essential measures in COVID-19 home management were found lacking among several participants. These need to be addressed by suitable training programs among the general population.

Practices, awareness, and perception towards home-based COVID-19 management among the general population in Mangalore city in south India

Background: Most patients with COVID-19 experience mild illness, which can be managed in a home environment. This study was done to assess the perception, awareness, and practices regarding home-based management of COVID-19 among the general population in India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in May and June 2021. Data were collected using a Google Form. Results: Mean age of the 294 participants was 36.6 ± 12.1 years. Of these participants, 45 (15.3%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 anytime in the past. Among them, 37 (82.2%) underwent home-based management for COVID-19. Monitoring body temperature and oxygen saturation were performed just once a day by 15.2% and 5.9% of COVID-19 patients respectively. Self-medication was practiced by 11 (29.7%) patients. Disposable face masks were worn by 23 (62.2%) patients beyond eight hours of continuous usage. The disposable type of face mask was not discarded despite becoming wet, and cloth masks were worn by eight (21.6%) patients. Disposable gloves were only worn by 14 (37.8%) caregivers of COVID-19 patients. As many as 10 (27%) patients were tested for COVID-19 after completion of home isolation. Awareness of all mild symptoms and signs of the disease was known to only 19 (6.5%) participants. Normal oxygen saturation in the blood was known to 40 (13.6%) participants. Just six (2%) participants were aware of the correct duration of home isolation in a symptomatic patient with COVID-19. The recommended duration of handwashing with soap and water was known to 102 (34.7%) participants. As many as 17.4% and 32.7% of participants were not confident in using thermometer and pulse oximeter respectively. Conclusion: Practices, awareness, and perception regarding certain essential measures in COVID-19 home management were found lacking among several participants. These need to be addressed by suitable training programs among the general population.

Battery Size Optimization With Customer PV Installations and Domestic Load Profile

Photovoltaic (PV) is a highly feasible solution for modern renewable energy-powered residential buildings in terms of deployment and cost reduction of utility bills. The installation of solar PV systems along with optimal battery energy storage systems (BESS) size is the most popular energy cost minimization solution and will continue to increase rapidly in the coming years considering the European Union (EU) framework for nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs). The current methods lack BESS size optimization and a comprehensive solution to charge/discharge BESS from PV and the grid. The main goal is to be self-sufficient and sustainable while having minimal dependence on the electrical grid. Therefore, this paper presents an efficient energy management model and optimal size of the BESS as two key factors to effectively minimize the total energy consumption cost of the nZEBs while having a minimum dependence on the grid. The energy management system is developed using linear programming and solved using simplex and interior-point methods. In addition, a heuristic algorithm is presented to determine the optimized charging and discharging schedule for nZEBs. A detailed techno-economic analysis of the proposed system is conducted for the whole year (covering all four seasons summer, winter, spring, and autumn) considering three common residential building cases and three different electricity pricing methods. We determined that seasonal electricity pricing is the favorable and economical option to schedule charging and discharging of BESS from the grid in several terms such as, minimum total hours of grid usage, the maximum number of charging hours of BESS from the solar PV system, maximum BESS discharging hours to sell energy, the minimum number of BESS charging hours from the grid, maximum number of discharging hours for energy usage within nZEBs, maximum revenue earned, and peak electrical load reduction for the grid.

Dermatoses due to Personal Protective Equipment and other protective/preventive measures in COVID-19 pandemic- A study on frontline Health care workers

<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) around the world in view of COVID-19 pandemic has led to high incidence of occupational dermatoses amongst healthcare workers (HCWs). Amongst all staff members visiting dermatology services, irritant dermatitis (body, hand) and acne form eruption remained the most common concerns. Apart from improving staff morale and quality of life, prevention and management of these conditions will also minimize the risk of breaching stringent PPE protocol. Preventive strategies including frequent breaks from PPE and less than 6 hours of continuous PPE usage can make the working environment more conducive for HCWs.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative descriptive research-based study is utilized, in which participants who fulfilled the required criteria were selected and were asked to fill the questionnaire. Results were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Redness and itching are the commonest complaints encountered followed by skin rash and acne. Facial occupational dermatoses due to PPE revealed that allergic and irritant contact dermatitis are most common, followed by acne form eruptions and contact urticaria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With adequate hydration, workplace modifications, taking regular breaks from wearing PPE gear may help in alleviation of dermatoses and motivate HCWs in their fight against pandemic.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

Practices, awareness, and perception towards home-based COVID-19 management among the general population in south India.

Background: Most patients with COVID-19 experience mild illness which can be managed in a home environment. This study was done to assess the perception, awareness and practices regarding home-based management of COVID-19 among the general population in India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in May and June 2021. Data were collected using a Google Form. Results: Mean age of the 294 participants was 36.6 ± 12.1 years. Of these participants, 45 (15.3%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 anytime in the past. Among them, 37 (82.2%) underwent home-based management for COVID-19. Monitoring of body temperature and oxygen saturation was performed just once a day by 15.2% and 5.9% of COVID-19 patients respectively. Self-medication was practiced by 11 (29.7%) patients. Disposable face masks were worn by 23 (62.2%) patients beyond eight hours of continuous usage. The disposable type of face mask was not discarded despite becoming wet and cloth masks were worn by eight (21.6%) patients. Disposable gloves were only worn by 14 (37.8%) care providers of COVID-19 patients. As many as 10 (27%) patients were tested for COVID-19 after completion of home isolation. Awareness of all mild symptoms and signs of the disease were known to only 19 (6.5%) participants. Normal oxygen saturation in the blood was known to 40 (13.6%) participants. Just six (2%) participants were aware of the correct duration of home isolation in a symptomatic patient with COVID-19. The recommended duration of hand washing with soap and water was known to 102 (34.7%) participants. As many as 17.4% and 32.7% participants were not confident in using thermometer and pulse oximeter respectively. Conclusion: Practices, awareness and perception regarding certain essential measures in COVID-19 home management were found lacking among a number of participants. These need to be addressed by suitable training programs among the general population.

Efficacy of high flow nasal cannula as an alternative to continuous positive airway pressure therapy in surgical patients with suspected moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea

PurposeTo compare the efficacy of High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) as an alternative to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy on the first postoperative night in patients with suspected moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MethodsThis is randomised controlled trial conducted in a tertiary hospital which included elective surgical patients with STOP-BANG score of 5 and above. Forty patients were randomised into one of the four postoperative treatment groups: CPAP, or HFNC at three different flow rates (20 L/min, 30 L/min and 40 L/min). The primary outcome measured was the number of recorded drops in baseline SpO2 of >4%. Secondary outcomes measured included the need for supplemental oxygen or other interventions and the total number of hours of usage of the device. Patient satisfaction, preference for device and reasons for their preference were also collected. ResultsCPAP was used for a significantly fewer number of hours compared to HFNC (at all flow rates) during the first postoperative night. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome or in the requirement for other interventions between the four treatment groups. 73.3% of patients in the HFNC group preferred the use of HFNC to the use of CPAP. Reasons for user preference for HFNC include device comfort, ease of use, reduced noise levels and perception of efficacy. ConclusionsHFNC could be an useful alternative to CPAP as it is not inferior to CPAP in the perioperative management of OSA and is better tolerated.

Design and Development of Smartphone Application Control

Smartphone Application Control is a project designed to block other phone applications that have excessive use by users. Excessive phone use is often experienced by children aged 7-18 years old. At the same time, many parents nowadays do not have time all day long to monitor and limit the use of their children’s phone due to work. The efforts of the mass media to advise on the use of phone do not give much positive impact on these children. Therefore, a robust alternative such as Smartphone Application Control is essential to curb these issues. To develop this application, a methodological approach has been used namely the Evolutionary Prototyping model. Android Studio version 3.6.2 is used to develop this application while SQLite Database acts as a database for storing all application usage statistics and Google-Cloud Firebase is used to store user-related information for user authentication purposes. To create an attractive user interface, Adobe Photoshop CS6 is used to design background and interface buttons. This app is able to track usage hours of other apps and block them if they exceed their daily usage limits. The time limit for such use can only be set by parents. Additionally, notification of excess usage will be sent to parents via email as a notification. A pop-up alert notification will be issued when user has reached his or her application limit. Smartphone Application Control is very important in helping user to control their phone usage behaviour.

Effect of Internet Addiction on Cognition - An Event Related Potential (P300) Study

Background and Aim: Younger population is more vulnerable for developing internet addiction without being even aware of it. Event related potentials alteration, indicative of abnormality of cognitive function; occur in various substance addictions. Could internet addiction contribute to these similar alterations? To address this question, we compared event related potentials in students having internet addiction to those with no internet addiction. Methods: A total of 312 medical college students were screened for internet addiction using Young Internet addiction test (IAT) questionnaire. P300 recordings (a component of event related potential) were made using EMG/NCS/EP – 4 Channel system- Octopus 4 machine and compared between 30 moderate internet addicts (IAT score > 60) and 30 non addicts (IAT score <30) using independent sample t test. Correlation analysis was done using Pearson correlation. The level of significance was kept at P< 0.05 for all the tests. Results: The prevalence of internet addiction was 25.3% and 10.25% for mild and moderate internet addictions respectively. No student had severe internet addiction. Moderate internet addicts spent more than twice the average weekly hours of internet usage than non addicts. P300 latency was significantly prolonged in internet addicts compared to non addicts and the amplitude of P300 wave was found to be significantly lower in internet addicts. Conclusion: The significantly increased P300 latency and reduced P300 amplitude indicates cognitive decline in internet addicts.

Surveys and inferential statistics to analyze contextual and personal factors influencing domestic hot water systems and usage profiles in residential buildings of Southern Italy

In European efficient buildings, the share of energy use for DHW is a significant percentage of the heat requirement. The evaluation of DHW energy demand and consumption patterns has been neglected in the past and studies are located in Northern countries. This paper presents a survey conducted in Southern Italy. Descriptive statistics were performed to characterize DHW production by climatic zone. Inferential statistics were conducted to discover significant contextual and personal variables and identify usage groups.The most used energy source was biomass (49.3%), followed by methane gas (37.7%). Fireplaces were installed in the coldest zone, in detached houses, more in small municipalities (36%), and low-income families (32%). Solar systems were in 8% of dwellings having income higher than 28000€. Four clusters of dwellings were identified considering the daily usage hours. The eldest and less numerous households fell into the cluster with the lowest usage (3.5 h). Households with a percentage <25% of unemployed components had more probability to belong to clusters with more DHW usages.The paper contributes to fill the investigation in the Mediterranean area and provides a systematic approach to expand the limited knowledge about the influencing factors on the DHW production and usage.

Prevalence of otomycosis in patients with cerumen impaction due to ear-phone usage during COVID-19

Background: Otomycosis affects about 9% of patients with otitis externa. One of the predisposing factor is impacted cerumen. Earphone usage causes cerumen impaction. In the light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, people are housebound due to prolonged lockdown. Hence people are more technology dependent as working from home and studying online has become the norm. Therefore, usage of earphones has proportionately increased, and the impacted cerumen cases have increased. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze data from questionnaire to assess the prevalence of otomycosis among patients with impacted cerumen due to excessive earphone usage, establish associations between otomycosis and symptoms such as pain and hearing loss as well as the correlation between fungal growth and the long hours of earphones usage. The relationship between the age of participants and the usage of earphones during the pandemic was also explored. The data was collected from 100 individuals aged 14 to 51 years who sought treatment for symptomatic impacted wax at an ENT clinic in Malaysia. Results: The mean age of participants was 25.9 years. There was a 31% prevalence of otomycosis among these patients. Otalgia was present in 60% of patients with otomycosis (t value 2.94, coefficient 0.27). Approximately 37% of patients had a large air-bone gap indicating conductive hearing loss. There was an insignificant correlation between otomycosis and the longer hours of earphones usage (t value 1.51, coefficient 0.00015). No correlation was found between age of participants and the total hours of earphone usage (t value 0.63, coefficient 0.0012). Conclusion: This study offers initial evidence that earphone usage could be a predisposing factor in developing otomycosis. However, there was no evidence of longer hours of earphones usage increasing the chances of developing otomycosis. Additionally, symptoms like otalgia and conductive hearing loss could be present in both earwax impaction and otomycosis.

Factors Associated with Mental Health among International Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea.

The purpose of this study was to investigate mental health problems among international students in South Korean universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify the factors that affect their mental health. A total of 488 international students living in South Korea participated in a web-based survey. The questionnaire was created using the Google Forms platform, and a link to the questionnaire was shared through social media. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the data. The prevalence rates of sleep problems, anxiety, and depression among international students were 47.1%, 39.6%, and 49%, respectively. The prevalence of mental health problems was higher among participants who were male, living with someone, residents of a rural area, and earning a higher income. The following variables were found to contribute to the prevalence of mental health problems: undergraduate student status, good understanding of the Korean language, longer hours of media usage, and experiences related to COVID-19 infection. A collaborative effort between the government and universities to manage the mental health of international students could promote the mental health of these students.

The Impact of Mobile Devices on Sleep Quality among Subjects of Primary Health Care Settings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Smartphone use has been related to health problems. Studies have indicated that the use of smartphones is associated with Sleep disturbances. However, little is known about the association between Smartphone addiction and sleep quality in Saudi Arabia.Objective: To determine the relationship between sleep quality and the use of a smartphone, specifically before sleep.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at four primary healthcare centers with a total of 205 patients participated in the study using a convenience sampling technique. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV) were used to measure association of Sleep Quality and Smartphone addiction.Results: Two-hundred-fiveparticipants enrolled in the study, of which 99 were female (51%) with a response rate of 84%. Mean age was 36 ±13 years for all participants. Mean PSQI scores were higher among females, single, frequent smartphone users, and unemployed sub- categories; thus, they indicated poorer sleep quality. There was also a significant negative association between age and PSQI scores t(193)= -2.45, p=0.015. Finally, there was a significant positive association between mean SAS-SV score and categorical global PSQI scores t(193)= 3.4, p=0.001.Conclusion: Our study showsahigh prevalence of smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality. Younger age, being single, heavy usage hours of smartphones, and high SAS-SV are significant factors associated with poorer sleep quality.

Analysis of cognitive disorders on internet gaming disorder (IGD) patients in rural area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) phenomenon arises due to the inability of controlling internet usage and its related contents. The prevalence of IGD tends to arise (0.3%–10.8%). In 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) informing that IGD was part of gaming disorders in ICD-11. IGD was one condition that may affect cognitive status. This condition may happen due to long hours of internet usage, including playing games. This study aims to analyze the cognitive disorders of junior high school students with IGD in the rural area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Long-term effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common cause of hypertension. Previous studies have demonstrated beneficial short-term effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on blood pressure. However, long-term antihypertensive effects of CPAP have not been properly verified. This study examined the longitudinal effect of CPAP therapy adherence on blood pressure among OSA patients. All patients diagnosed with OSA and undergoing subsequent CPAP therapy at a Kanagawa-area sleep clinic were clinically followed for 24 months to examine CPAP adherence, as well as longitudinal changes in blood pressure and body weight because it may become a confound factor for changes in blood pressure. The hours of CPAP usage were collected over the course of 30 nights prior to each follow-up visit (1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th month). The relationship between CPAP adherence and blood pressure was analyzed using mixed-effect logistic regression models. A total of 918 OSA patients were enrolled in the study. We found a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure among patients with good CPAP adherence during the 24-month follow-up period (β = − 0.13, p = 0.03), when compared to the group with poor CPAP adherence. No significant association was found between CPAP adherence and weight loss (β = − 0.02, p = 0.59). Long-term, good CPAP therapy adherence was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure without significant weight loss.

Evaluation of Variation in Tear Film Breakup Time (TBUT) in Computer Users According to Hours of Computer Usage

Background: Increased use of computers over prolonged hours leads to a decrease in tear film breakup time (TBUT), resulting in dry eye. This study was carried out to find out the variations in TBUT according to hours of daily computer usage. Methods: Computer users were grouped into five groups as group A &lt;2 hours, group B &gt;2 hours to ≤4 hours, group C &gt;4 hours to ≤6 hours, group D &gt;6 hours to ≤8 hours, and group E &gt;8 hours according to their hours of computer exposure per day. All the participants were subjected to TBUT. Chi-squared test and analysis of variance test was used to compare mean values, find P-values, and ensuring statistical significance. Results: In our study, the mean age of the study population was 32.18 ± 5.38 years. The mean TBUT in the various groups was found to be 25.83, 21.20, 18.62, 12.40, and 9.43 seconds in the right eye and 26.05, 21.19, 18.57, 12.31, and 9.41 seconds in the left eye in groups A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Conclusion: It seems there is significant decrease in TBUT with increasing duration of computer use per day. TBUT can be performed quickly, easily, and be used to screen and support diagnosis of dry eye.

28575 Caring for skin during a pandemic: Acute facial skin changes following mask-wearing

Introduction: Current literature reports an increase in facial acne, discomfort, and other adverse reactions associated with facial mask use. We evaluated subjective self-assessment of facial skin (1) acne, (2) rhytides, (3) erythema, and (4) texture after fabric, paper, and N95 mask use compared with objective high-resolution 3-D imaging findings after six hours of usage.