Hours Of Relaxation Research Articles

Расчет режимов релаксации обезвоженного поверхностного слоя путассу в процессе сушки

During cold drying of fish, the surface layers, which have lost a significant part of the water, become compacted and prevent the diffusion of water from the inner layers of the fish to the surface. In order to restore the diffusion properties of the surface layer of fish, it is necessary to create conditions for the redistribution of moisture along the thickness of the object, for example, temporarily limit external mass transfer. To do this, reduce the temperature, the speed of air movement in the drying chamber and increase its relative humidity. Due to diffusion, water from the central layers of the fish will flow to the dehydrated surface layer and moisten it. As a result, the mass-conducting properties of the surface layer will increase. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of relaxation processes on changes in the thickness of the dehydrated surface layer of fish for the subsequent development of scientifically sound rational drying regimes. The calculation of moisture redistribution in this work was carried out under the condition (assumption) that there is no external mass transfer of moisture from the surface of the processing object. The kinetics curve and water distribution curves in the processing facility were constructed during the production of dried fish products in 2; 2.5; 13.5; 55 hours respectively. The average humidity of the whiting after dehydration lasting 2 hours was 333% in terms of dry matter. The thickness of the dehydrated layer S = 1.6 mm. After 1.5 hours of relaxation, the moisture on the surface of the fish increased from 272 to 330% and approached the average humidity of the sample. During dehydration of fish lasting 13.5 hours, the average moisture content of the sample per dry mass was 217%, the thickness of the dehydrated surface layer S = 0.9 mm. After 2.5 hours of relaxation, the moisture content on the surface of the layer was 174%. It was found that at the beginning of the drying process, the dry dehydrated layer has 
 a positive tendency to restore the lost moisture-conducting (diffusion) properties, but at the end of the drying process it takes more time to restore them. The paper proposes a method for calculating relaxation curves, which can be used to study the processes of moisture redistribution in the processing object in order to create rational drying modes.

Television Programmes Among the Youth of India: An analytical Study

For the past many decades, television news channel have been the best source of information –cum –entertainment to sit among the family and enjoy hours of relaxation. Nowadays people don’t prefer to watch news channels as they have opinion that these days the news channels have become boring. As a result, TV News programme in terms audience reach and significantly to public discourse can rightly be said that the term ‘Infotainment’ is a new concept for a developing country. It refers to a mixed bag if styles, formats and sub-genres and its distinguished feature is that it falls somewhere in the space between the two traditional pillars of television i.e, Information and Entertainment. The main problem of traditional account of journalism is the audience no longer find it as important and sustaining as they once did. News and current affair are moving study aims to find out preferences of information format of TV News programmes by the audience as well as to analyze the information format of TV Programmes used by the channels.

Thermal heliox proteome. High-temperature heliox does not cause destruction of human respiratory system cells

Conducting a pilot study to assess the effect of thermal heliox on the state of the respiratory tract by studying of the exhaled breath condensate protein composition before the thermal heliox procedure, immediately after and after three hours of relaxation Materials and methods. A comparative study of the exhaled breath condensates (EBC) protein composition of five non-smoking healthy donors was carried out. The EBC was taken before the respiratory procedure, immediately after a 20-minute inhalation by mixture of He/O2 gases (70/30) heated to 70C and 3 hours later. The protein composition was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis after selective tryptic hydrolysis. The results were processed using the Mascot program and the UniProt database. After the heliox procedure, the volume of the collected condensate (11.5 ml) decreases by an average of 32% and is practically restored after three hours of relaxation. Most proteins were consistent for all samples, regardless of the thermal heliox procedure. These are keratins, several proteins of the immune system (immunoglobulins, compliment proteins), tubulin. In samples after thermal heliox, the appearance of small amounts of additional proteins is observed. These are proteins of muscle metabolism (actin and calmodulin), fibrinogen, traces of hemoglobin, apolipoprotein, type B creatine kinase. After three hours of relaxation, tubulin disappears in the EBC. Most exhaled proteins are the same before, after the procedure, and for three hours of relaxation. The results obtained demonstrate the relative safety of the use of high temperature heliox as a therapeutic agent.

A hydrogenation-induced nonequilibrium oscillating structural transformation in Pd3Ni alloy

The results of X-ray research on the structural characteristics of the Pd3Ni alloy after its electrolytic saturation by hydrogen during relaxation are presented. The synchronous changes in the period of a lattice and the value of elastic stresses, which started immidiately after sample hydrogenation and continued for 500 hours of relaxation, were found for the first time. The observed changes are caused by the cooperative processes of the displacements of vacancies and nickel atoms between defect complexes and an alloy matrix.

Unveiling posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma surgeons: a national survey.

The significance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma patients is well recognized. The impact trauma surgeons endure in managing critical trauma cases is unknown. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of PTSD among trauma surgeons and identify risk factors associated with the development of PTSD. We surveyed all members of the American Association for Surgery of Trauma and the Eastern Association for Surgery of Trauma using an established PTSD screening test (PTSD Checklist Civilian [PCL-C]). A PCL-C score of 35 or higher (sensitivity > 85%) was used as the cutoff for the development of PTSD symptoms and a PCL-C score of 44 or higher for the diagnosis of PTSD. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. There were 453 respondents with a 41% response rate. PTSD symptoms were present in 40% (n = 181) of the trauma surgeons, and 15% (n = 68) of the trauma surgeons met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Male trauma surgeons (odds ratio [OR], 2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.1) operating more than 15 cases per month (OR, 3; 95% CI, 1.2-8), having more than seven call duties per month (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-6), and with less than 4 hours of relaxation per day (OR, 7; 95% CI, 1.4-35) were more likely to develop symptoms of PTSD. Diagnosis of PTSD was common in trauma surgeons managing more than 5 critical cases per call duty (OR, 7; 95% CI, 1.1-8). Salary, years of clinical practice, and previous military experience were predictive for neither the development of PTSD symptoms nor the diagnosis of PTSD. Both symptoms and the diagnosis of PTSD are common among trauma surgeons. Defining the factors that predispose trauma surgeons to PTSD may be of benefit to the patients and the profession. The data from this survey will be useful to major national trauma surgery associations for developing targeted interventions. Epidemiologic study, level III.

Shape Fidelity of Native and Engineered Human Nasal Septal Cartilage

To test engineered and native septal cartilage for resistance to deformation and remodeling under sustained bending loads and to determine the effect of bending loads on the biochemical properties of constructs. Prospective, basic science. Laboratory. Human septal chondrocytes from 6 donors were used to create 12-mm constructs. These were cultured for 10 weeks and subjected to bending for 6 days. Free-swelling controls and native tissue from 6 donors were used for comparison. Shape retention, photo documentation, live-dead staining, and biochemical properties were measured. Live-dead staining showed no difference in cell survival between loaded constructs and free-swelling controls. The immediate shape retention of the constructs was 39.0% versus 24.4% for native tissue (P = .13). After 2 and 24 hours of relaxation, the constructs possessed similar shape retention to native tissue (26.9% and 16.4%; P = .126; 21.7% and 14.4%; P = .153). There was no significant change in construct shape retention from immediately after release to 2 hours of relaxation (39.0% and 26.9%, respectively; P = .238). In addition, the retention did not change significantly between 2 and 24 hours of relaxation (26.9% and 21.7%; P = .48). There was no significant difference in biochemical properties between loaded constructs and controls. The shape retention properties of human septal neocartilage constructs are comparable to human native septal cartilage. In addition, mechanical loading of neocartilage constructs does not adversely affect cell viability or biochemical properties. This study demonstrates that neocartilage constructs possess adequate shape fidelity for use as septal cartilage graft material.

Shape Fidelity of Human Nasal Septal Neocartilage Constructs

Objective: 1) To show that human septal neocartilage constructs possess comparable shape fidelity to native human septal tissue. 2) To demonstrate that the biochemical properties of human septal neocartilage constructs are unaffected by imposed bending and are equivalent to those of free-swelling controls. Method: Human septal chondrocytes from 9 donors were used to create 12-mm constructs. These were cultured for a total of 10 weeks and subjected to bending for 6 days. Free-swelling controls and native tissue were used for comparison. Shape retention, photo documentation, live-dead staining, and biochemical properties were measured. Results: Live-dead staining showed no difference in cell survival between shaped constructs and free-swelling controls. The immediate shape retention of the constructs was 39.0% versus 23.5% for native tissue ( P = .06). After 2 hours of relaxation, the constructs possessed similar shape retention to native tissue (26.9% and 20.6%, respectively; P = .073). There was a significant decrease in shape retention from immediately after release to 2 hours of relaxation (23.5% and 18.9%, respectively; P = .01). However, the retention did not change significantly between 2 and 24 hours of relaxation (18.9%; P = .11). There was no significant difference in biochemical properties between shaped constructs and free-swelling controls. Conclusion: The shape retention properties of human septal neocartilage constructs are similar to human native septal cartilage. In addition, bending of neocartilage constructs does not adversely affect cell viability or biochemical properties. This study demonstrates that neocartilage constructs possess adequate shape fidelity for use as septal cartilage graft material.

Assessing viscoelastic properties of chitosan scaffolds and validation with cyclical tests

We evaluated and modeled the viscoelastic characteristics of chitosan and chitosan–gelatin scaffolds prepared using a freeze-drying technique. Chitosan and chitosan–gelatin solutions (0.5 and 2wt.%) were frozen at −80°C and freeze-dried. Using the scaffolds, uniaxial tensile properties were evaluated under physiological conditions (hydrated in phosphate buffered saline at 37°C) at a cross-head speed of 0.17mms−1 (10mmmin−1). From the break strain, the limit of strain per ramp was calculated to be 5% and the samples were stretched at a strain rate of 2.5%s−1. The ramp-and-hold type of stress-relaxation test was performed for five successive stages. Chitosan and chitosan–gelatin showed nearly 90% relaxation of stress after each stage. The relaxation behavior was independent of the concentration of chitosan and gelatin. Also, changes in the microstructure of the tested samples were evaluated using an inverted microscope. The micrographs acquired after relaxation experiments showed orientation of pores, suggesting the retention of the stretched state even after many hours of relaxation. Based on these observations, two models (i) containing a hyper-elastic spring (containing two parameters) and (ii) retaining pseudo-components (containing three parameters) were developed in Visual Basic Applications accessed through MS Excel. The models were used to fit the experimental stress-relaxation data and the parameters obtained from modeling were used to predict their respective cyclic behaviors, which were compared with cyclical experimental results. These results showed that the model could be used to predict the cyclical behavior under the tested strain rates. The model predictions were also tested using cyclic properties at a lower strain rate of 0.0867%s−1 (5%min−1) for 0.5wt.% scaffolds but the model could not predict cyclical behavior at a very slow rate. In summary, the pseudo-component modeling approach can be used to model the sequential strain-and-hold stage and predict cyclical properties for the same strain rate.

Evaluation of slip coefficient of slip critical joints with high strength bolts

A slip critical joint has various values to adopt the proper slip coefficient in various conditions of faying surfaces in the following codes: AISC, AIJ and Eurocode 3. However, the Korean Building Code still regulates the unique slip coefficient, 0.45, regardless of the diverse faying conditions. In this study, the slip resistance test, including five kinds of surface treatments were conducted to obtain the proper slip coefficients available to steel plate KS SM490A. The faying surfaces were comprised of a clean mill, rust, red lead paint, zinc primer, and shot blast treatment. The candidates for high strength bolts were torque-shear bolts, torque-shear bolts with zinc coating, and ASTM A490 bolts. Based on the test results, the specimens with a shot blasted surface and rusted surface exhibited <TEX>$k_s$</TEX>, 0.61, and 0.5, respectively. It is recommended that the specimens with zinc primer exhibit <TEX>$k_s{\geq}0.40$</TEX>. The clean mill treated surface had prominently lower values, 0.27. For red lead painted treatment, the thickness of the coating affects the determinant of slip coefficient, so it is necessary to establish a minimum <TEX>$k_s$</TEX> of 0.2, with a coating thickness of 65 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX>. During 1,000 hours of relaxation, the uncoated surfaces exhibited the loss of clamping force behind 3%, while the coated surfaces within a certain limited thickness exhibited the loss of clamping within a range of 4.71% and 8.37%.

Behaviour of the twill weave woven fabrics during relaxation

This work looks into the behaviour of the twill weave woven fabrics during relaxation (when the weaving tension is released). Ten, 50-metre rolls of twill weave woven fabrics were produced. The fabrics were marked in a rectangular form at the weaving loom. After 48 hours of relaxation, the new shapes and sizes were recorded. The shapes of almost all of the samples were changed to parallelogram, even though they differed in size. The work showed that the manner of fabric deformation during relaxation depends upon the fabric structure. It indicates that contraction due to relaxation of the twill weave causes the woven fabric to skew. in the direction of the twill. The quantity of the skewness is related to the float length andthe twill type. Fabrics with longer float length have higher skewness.

Weave Structure and the Skewness of Woven Fabric

This experimental work demonstrates the effect of weave structure on the skewness of fabric. The work shows that the distortion of gray woven fabrics depends upon the behaviour of the floats (which is related to the factor of weave) at the state of relaxation. Nine, 50-metre rolls of woven fabrics in different weaves were produced. The fabrics were marked in a rectangular form (1.70 metres in width and one metre in length) at the weaving machine. After 24 hours of relaxation, the new shapes and sizes were recorded. The deformations of the fabrics due to the weave structures were different. The shapes of almost all of the samples were changed to Trapezium, even though they differed in size. This experimental work showed that, of the nine different weaves, the 3/3 twill weave had the highest skewness and the Zigzag twill structures the lowest, proving that the type of weave affects the deformation and, as a result, the skewness of the fabric.

Pulsatile stretch remodels cell-to-cell communication in cultured myocytes.

Mechanical stretch is thought to play an important role in remodeling atrial and ventricular myocardium and may produce substrates that promote arrhythmogenesis. In the present work, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured for 4 days as confluent monolayers on thin silicone membranes and then subjected to linear pulsatile stretch for up to 6 hours. Action potential upstrokes and propagation velocity (theta) were measured with multisite optical recording of transmembrane voltage of the cells stained with the voltage-sensitive dye RH237. Expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) and the fascia adherens junction protein N-cadherin was measured immunohistochemically in the same preparations. Pulsatile stretch caused dramatic upregulation of intercellular junction proteins after only 1 hour and a further increase after 6 hours (Cx43 signal increased from 0.73 to 1.86 and 2.02% cell area, and N-cadherin signal increased from 1.21 to 2.11 and 2.74% cell area after 1 and 6 hours, respectively). This was paralleled by an increase in theta from 27 to 35 cm/s after 1 hour and 37 cm/s after 6 hours. No significant change in the upstroke velocity of the action potential or cell size was observed. Increased theta and protein expression were not reversible after 24 hours of relaxation. Nonpulsatile (static) stretch produced qualitatively similar but significantly smaller changes than pulsatile stretch. Thus, pulsatile linear stretch in vitro causes marked upregulation of proteins that form electrical and mechanical junctions, as well as a concomitant increase in propagation velocity. These changes may contribute to arrhythmogenesis in myocardium exposed to acute stretch.

Thiol Differences Along Keratin Fibers: Stress/Strain and Stress-Relaxation Behavior as a Function of Temperature and Extension

The stress-relaxation behavior, in water, of the root and tip ends of wool fibers with normal and abnormal thiol contents and of human hair has been studied. For both wool samples, differences in behavior are seen at all strains from 1-15% and over the temperature range 0-90°C. For human hair, the differences persist even after 170 hours of relaxation, when the process is close to completion. These changes in mechanical properties along keratin fibers are ascribed to differences in thiol content along the fibers. A thermal transition temperature occurs in all samples, and is directly related to the thiol content: the greater the thiol content the lower the transition temperature.

Lewis Webb Hill

The spirit moves me to write about a friend of ours-and of many readers of Pediatricsdr. Dr. Lewis Webb Hill. Lew Hill died June 30, 1968. Nearly 60 years before, in the class of 1913 at the Haryard Medical School, he and I were together not only at work but also in our few hours of relaxation. From the first, his wry sense of humor added to the enjoyment of those about him. His education continued with a medical internship at the Massachusetts General, the Floating, and the Children Hospitals, all in Boston.

The influence of evening activity on the onset of sleep.

ABSTRACTSleep onset following three kinds of evening activities was investigated. These activities were six hours of strenuous physical work, six hours of intensive studying and mental work, and six hours of relaxation, i.e., watching TV, listening to records and reading magazines. Ss were 15 young men, each of whom participated in one activity per night for three non‐consecutive nights.Results showed that studying delayed sleep onset by an average of about six minutes, but Ss took similar times to fall asleep after exercise and after relaxation. At the moment of sleep onset, heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and peripheral pulse volume all were significantly elevated after exercise, when compared to studying and relaxation. Both of these results combined were interpreted as indicating that the level of physiological, systemic activity is relatively unimportant for sleep onset, while the level of mental stimulation seems to play a more important role.

It's Not Alone for Knowledge

W HAT restrictions in hours are placed upon the men? What regulations do you have here? are the two most frequent queries of men and mothers, respectively, who come for the first time to Pioneer Hall, dormitory for men at the University of Minnesota. The answers are as vastly different as the significance behind each question. The first query is easily and briefly answered. Doors to the sixteen Pioneer Hall house units are never locked. The second is neither so easily nor so briefly answered. Let us imagine ourselves seated comfortably in the office of the director as he attempts to show a mother what the dormitory has to offer her son in lieu of home influence and of interested, personal supervision of high-school instructors. In structural accommodations Pioneer Hall is undoubtedly one of the finest in the country. Covering an entire block on the towering bluffs of the mighty Mississippi, it is ideally situated for campus activity and transportation facilities, located as it is within two blocks of the campus and within one of the transit lines. The athletic building is conveniently close; and the highway and byways of the Mississippi are at hand for those mildly inclined toward exercise. The dormitory provides the most modern of residence advantages with careful supervision and at a moderate cost. Pioneer Hall houses 536 men. Most of them live in three-room suites accommodating two men. Separate bedrooms and a comfortably furnished study give each man the utmost in privacy and space. Cleanliness of surroundings and regularity of good, substantial meals are no small factor in the physical well-being of the residents. Quiet for study is maintained during the evening hours. The men may gather in the two well-furnished lounge rooms for conversation, quiet games, radio, or music, however. Each lounge boasts of a grand piano. The browsing library of some eight hundred volumes donated by President Coffman furnishes biography, fiction, and travel for the student's hours of relaxation. Physical comfort at Pioneer Hall is only one of many advantages offered by this fine dormitory. Continued residence in Pioneer Hall is crystallizing a spirit whose influence will extend widely as the alumni go out into other communities. Already a pride of ownership is felt, simplifying regulation, and rendering it more co-operative, and thereby more effective.

PEDIATRICS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO

In his hours of relaxation, it is interesting for the physician occasionally to wander into the philosophical byways which offer opportunities for quiet reflection on medicine as a whole: its ends and aims, its pitfalls and dangers, its methods and standards and its accomplishments. In this vein it seems desirable to consider the trend of morbidity in childhood, particularly with a view to evaluating the results of efforts for prevention and the lines along which future effort should be directed. The first logical step requires a familiarity with pediatrics of the past and with the causes of its morbidity and mortality. Most pediatricians have dipped lightly into the pools of ancient knowledge, and all are familiar with the reputation credited to the authors of old of being past-masters in the observation and recording of clinical phenomena. In individual instances, this reputation is warranted, but in general, the outstanding and inevitable