Labor Hours Research Articles

Real-Time Data Pipelines for Enhancing Property Management Systems: Integrating AI Bots for Automated Scheduling

In an industry where operations are constantly evolving, real-time data flow has become increasingly crucial for streamlining processes and informed decision making at all levels of property management. Traditional systems often struggled with information bottlenecks, dispersed responsibilities, and tenant contacts left disconnected, resulting in redundancies and unsatisfactory experiences. This paper explores integrating real-time data pipelines within property management platforms to optimize workflow smoothly, concentrating particularly on incorporating AI-guided software for programmed scheduling. By implementing live data streams, managers can achieve consistent information transmission from sources such as smart devices, resident communications, and financial applications, enabling instant insights and proactive handling of issues. The AI application automates appointment planning, diminishing manual labor hours, minimizing errors, and enhancing interactions with tenants. The proposed framework not only refines the scheduling process but also heightens overall effectiveness in property administration by supplying a scalable and adaptive solution that develops alongside expanding needs. This research highlights the transformative potential of real-time data pipelines and AI-driven automation in modernizing property management systems to run efficiently

Food Security in Nigeria: Enhancing Workers’ Productivity in Precision Agriculture

Food security has gained international attention in recent years and Nigeria, with its abundant human and natural resources, is not exempted from this, as improving food security requires a strong focus on agricultural development. Innovations like precision agriculture tools and other advancements in modern agriculture provide farmers worldwide with the tools and expertise to improve workers’ productivity in the agricultural sector and combat food insecurity. This paper examined the state of food security in Nigeria and how precision agriculture enhances workers' productivity in Nigeria. The study adopted a systematic review of relevant literature on the various issues addressed in the research. The paper revealed that there is a high level of food insecurity in Nigeria, with estimates of more than 65% of the Nigerian population being food insecure, and the average productivity of Nigerian farmers is several times lower compared to farmers in a developed economy. The study revealed that precision agriculture boosts workers’ productivity by utilizing cutting-edge sensor and analysis techniques, increasing agricultural yields, and assisting management decisions which boost output, shorten labor hours, and guarantee efficient control of irrigation and fertilizer systems. Therefore, the paper recommends that Nigeria's farming sector incorporate precision agriculture equipment and technology, including drones, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence tools. Additionally, workers must be trained to use these innovative instruments and procedures to boost worker productivity and improve food security.

Innovative Design and Execution Model for Improving Productivity of Interior Prefabricated Commercial Wall Assemblies

Field productivity of building trades is the focus of prefabricated construction practitioners as a path to greater profitability and competitiveness in the marketplace. Construction firms are struggling to meet the demand of the marketplace due to shortages of skilled workers and flat to declining productivity. Human capital and productivity challenges are affecting the ability to both acquire new work and complete the work under contract. This study focuses on the development of an innovative model that defines a process for the design, project site preconstruction planning phase, and fabrication of interior prefabricated wall components that improves onsite productivity. The developed model was tested and implemented in a case study of a single project comprised of four identical buildings located on a singular jobsite while utilizing both traditional and model approaches. The results verify that the productivity model developed in this study is capable of reducing on-site labor hours and, therefore, improving field productivity compared to traditional methods. The application of the model saved between 7–23% man-hours compared to the traditional methods and beat the estimate by 17%. Practitioners and researchers are both incentivized to explore, develop, and implement novel methodologies to address the human capital shortage that is facing the construction industry.

Impact on Livelihoods of Women’s Engagement in Agriculture in Bangladesh:

In Bangladesh, women’s engagement in economic activities in general and in agriculture in a particular area has remained low, but in modern times, the participation of women in agriculture has rapidly increased and also contributed to economic activities according to the survey guided by the Bureau of Statistics. Women’s role is changing from unpaid family workers to farm managers, a phenomenon termed as “feminization of agriculture” in absence of males. In order to determine the involvement of women in agricultural activities, secondary data from a representative sample survey in 62 villages conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics from 2000 to 2022 was used in conjunction with primary data from the Bangladeshi districts of Dinajpur, Cumilla, and Moulvibazar. The results show that 71% of women engaged in agricultural activities in 2022, an increase of about 11% from 2000. The participation was restricted to mostly crop farming, livestock and poultry rearing which is a marginal economic activity with the allocation of only about 1.5 hours of labor per day. Only 22% of the female workers participated in crop farming in 2022, compared to 45% of men. Only about 5% of the women participated in the agricultural labor market in 2000 and 2022. Women’s participation in the agricultural labor market remains insignificant at 3.07% of agricultural workers. A regression analysis shows that women’s engagement in agriculture is negatively related to land holding, different age gap, education of household members and wage rate, on the other hand, favorable way with the women's ages, the number of their homes that are irrigated, their membership in NGOs, the village's isolation, and the wage rate for agriculture in the community.

Camera trapping as a method for estimating abundance of Mexican wolves

AbstractEstimating wildlife abundance, particularly for rare and elusive species, is challenging because of time, cost, and methodological constraints. The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi), a federally‐listed endangered subspecies of gray wolf, is currently monitored using ground and aerial methods to obtain a minimum known population count. As the Mexican wolf population has grown and expanded, the time and cost required to monitor the subspecies has increased. We investigated the efficacy of camera trapping for estimating Mexican wolf abundance by comparing the accuracy, precision, and cost of camera trapping to those obtained with current monitoring techniques. Between 1 November 2019 and 31 July 2020, we collected 13,317 photos of wolves from 124 camera traps in Arizona where Mexican wolves were known to occur, excluding tribal lands. We used a spatial mark‐resight analysis to estimate abundance for both winter (November 2019 through February 2020) and summer (April through July 2020) seasons, with and without the assistance of global positioning system (GPS) telemetry data to identify individual wolves. Combined with GPS data, camera trapping provided a summer abundance estimate ( = 50, 95% CI = 37–64) that was 14% lower than the 2019 minimum known population count (N = 59), but included the minimum known population count in the 95% confidence interval. The summer no telemetry abundance estimate was 27% below the minimum known population count ( = 43, 95% CI = 30–56). During winter, abundance estimates obtained from camera trapping (no telemetry: = 33, 95% CI = 15–52; telemetry: = 45, 95% CI = 28–62), were much lower than the 2019 Mexican wolf minimum known population count (winter: N = 62), but included the minimum known population count in the 95% confidence interval for the winter telemetry dataset. A cost comparison indicated that the first‐year camera trapping equipment expenses were 1.7 times the equipment cost of the current method and that camera trapping equipment expenses in subsequent years were equivalent to the equipment cost of the current method, and required at least 1.4 times the labor hours. We provide recommendations to potentially improve Mexican wolf abundance estimates and minimize camera trapping expenses. The results of our project may help managers make appropriate decisions for their population monitoring needs, while considering budget, staffing capabilities, precision, and accuracy.

170. Comparison of Traditional Stool Culture and Targeted Testing Using Multiplex PCR to Diagnose Infectious Diarrhea at the Atlanta VA Medical Center (AVAMC): A Diagnostic Stewardship Initiative.

Abstract Background Multiplex PCR panels have become common for diagnosing infectious diarrhea; however, indiscriminate use of multiplex PCR panels may identify common pathogens that do not require treatment. To optimize laboratory workflow and improve diagnostic stewardship, we developed a targeted algorithm to optimize multiplex PCR testing at the AVAMC. We retroactively applied the targeted algorithm to historical stool cultures to assess the potential impact on diagnosis, inappropriate test ordering, and cost. Figure 1Targeted Algorithm for Testing Infectious Diarrhea Methods In March 2022, multiplex PCR testing (Biofire) was initiated at AVAMC; we developed a targeted algorithm to inform testing of patients at highest risk from infectious bacterial diarrhea (Figure 1). We retrospectively reviewed all clinical information among patients with bacterial stool testing, which included cultures and antigen tests, obtained from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. In our analysis, we included all patients with a positive stool culture and a random sample of patients with a negative stool culture. We applied the targeted algorithm to both retrospective cohorts in order to evaluate potentially missed cases, outcomes, and overall differences in costs and labor between traditional stool cultures and targeted multiplex PCR testing. Results We identified 1027 patients with bacterial stool testing. Among 27 patients with a positive stool test, the targeted algorithm missed testing among 6 (22%) patients with mild, self-limited disease that resolved within 7 days. Among 100 patients with negative stool cultures, the targeted algorithm excluded testing among 75 (75%) patients. Among the remaining 25 (25%) negative patients who would have been tested using the targeted algorithm, 14 (56%) were high-risk and 16 (64%) had severe illness. Eliminating unnecessary stool testing using a targeted algorithm would have saved an estimated $50,000 and 750 laboratory labor hours. Conclusion At our facility, the implementation of algorithm-guided infectious diarrhea testing by multiplex PCR is estimated to reduce laboratory time and materials costs while eliminating 75% of unnecessary testing. Algorithm-guided testing would capture the majority of bacterial diarrhea at our institution but could lead to missed diagnoses in lower-risk populations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

Assessment of responsiveness and minimum important difference of the Maternal perception of Childbirth Fatigue Questionnaire (MCFQ)

Introduction: The assessment of responsiveness and the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is the basis for validating the Maternal perception of Childbirth Fatigue Questionnaire (MCFQ). Objective: To assess the responsiveness and determine the value of the MCID for the MCFQ. Methods: This is an observational study, conducted at HC-UFPE with 50 parturients in active labor. The MCFQ was applied in two moments: in the initial evaluation (EV1), performed at the beginning of labor between 4-6 cm of uterine dilation, and final (EV2), six hours after the first evaluation. Responsiveness was determined by calculating the effect size (ES), and standardized response mean (SRM), considering that values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 points represent respectively small, moderate, or large values of responsiveness. The ability to detect change through the questionnaire was also assessed by the t-test. The level of significance adopted for this analysis was p less than 0.05. The MCID was verified based on the calculation of the standard error of measurement (SEM) index. Results: The MCFQ showed values of 0.4 and 0.6 for ES and SEM respectively and a p-value <0.001, thus showing a good capacity for change. The value of the MCID for this population was seven points. Conclusion: MCFQ presents a potentially significant change with a value of the MCID of seven points after six hours of active labor.

Decline in on-demand fishing gear costs with learning

Gear entanglement and vessel collisions are the major known causes of injuries to the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) and other marine animals. Whale entanglements often occur in endlines (the fixed vertical lines between fishing traps and surface buoys) and removal of these lines in “on-demand” or “ropeless” fishing gear has been presented as a potential solution. These fishing systems use acoustic and timed releases to locate and retrieve a submerged trap, endline, and buoy (or lift bag or spool) to the surface. On-demand fishing gear commercially in use costs up to $8,000 for a deck unit and up to $4,000 per acoustic release. Developers expect on-demand fishing component costs to drop as production ramps up. The correlation between production cost or labor hours per unit and cumulative production have been described as ‘experience curves’ or ‘learning curves.’ The learning model is the most common approach to projecting production costs in electronics and other high-tech industries, with the log-linear model based on the Wright learning curve the most frequently used modelling approach. Wright’s equation is used to calculate on-demand fishing gear costs for northeastern U.S. commercial fishing vessels operating in federal lobster management areas. These vessels represent approximately 70% of entanglement risk, estimated by the National Marine Fisheries Service. The use of on-demand gear would therefore initially be most effective in reducing the risk of whale entanglement (and mortality) in commercial fishing areas in these waters. It is estimated that the cost of on-demand gear for the 1,494 vessels operating in federal waters would total $58.1 million, with an average of $38,899 per vessel if releases were used on all endlines. If vessels fishing 5 or more traps per trawl use a release on 1 endlines per trawl, the total cost is estimated at $38.2 million, with an average of $25,552 per vessel. The initial cost of on-demand fishing gear may be an obstacle to widespread adoption. Funding and loan programs are available and there is precedent for government and community assistance to workers in industries affected by resource management regulations.

REFLECŢII ORTODOXE DESPRE MUNCĂ

It is particularly well-acknowledged that working is a means of relating to the world and our neighbours. Daily activity, carried out over several hours for several years, serves to organise in a very specific way our understanding of the world and our neighbours. The fact is that “within us are impressed the manners of comprehending the world and how we relate to our fellow men, as they are shaped through thousands of hours of labour, such that, to a great extent, our vision of the world and life bears the print of the labour we exert all throughout our lives”, as noted by Adrian Sorin Mihalache. On the other hand, today’s technology has considerably permeated most occupations, the tendency being that robots, computers, automation systems, automata and intelligent machines are replacing people in labour to a greater and greater extent. Therefore, the ever-increasing scope of gadgets and tech services “reveal the signs and signals of a profound metamorphosis of labour” (idem), with the overuse of technology leading to the atrophy of man’s powers and ability to open himself to the world. In this sense, we find great relevance in the ideas developed by the French novelist and philosopher Michel Henry: “Since the dawn of the industrial era and as a simple consequence of the progressive replacement of «the working force» with natural energies, it was possible to foreshadow the diminishment of the activities of workers to that of mere supervision, which is tantamount to the atrophy of nearly all the subjective potentialities of the living individual and, thus, to rising disquietude and discontent”. Our intention with the present study is to attempt a modest exposition of the teaching of Eastern Orthodox Christianity on labour and to highlight landmarks that may, on the one hand, shed light on the way to a more profound understanding of the consequences of the deep metamorphosis of labour we are currently witnessing, and, on the other hand, to offer clues on the developing position of Christians to these dynamics.

Technical Efficiency of Fish Catch and its Socio-Economic Determinants towards Freshwater Fisher Population in North Central Province, Sri Lanka

In this study, freshwater fisherman in the area of Sri Lanka's north central province had their technical efficiency of fish catch measured. The study focuses on freshwater fisherman who only make their living in the districts of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa. There are 175 fishing teams in total in the sample. During the survey, comprehensive information is gathered on the monthly catch, its market worth at the time of capture, labor hours, age of catchers, experience, education, boar size, scale type, and other fishing specifics. Data on specific socioeconomic variables and indicators were considered. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, correlation analysis, frequency analysis, t test, and ANOVA with inefficiency effects are estimated on the basis of cross-sectional primary data on fishing independent variable, dependent variable, and moderator variable. Age of catchers, education, experience, boat size, and labor hours were the independent variables. The monthly income from fishing was employed as a dependent variable, while scale type was used as a moderator variable. According to statistical analysis, technical efficiency is positively influenced by education, experience, boat size, labor hours, and scale type, however it is negatively impacted by the age of the catchers. However, technical effectiveness is declining as catchers get older. According to the study, the technical efficiency can be raised by increasing the experience of fishermen, labor hours, education, use of 18.5-ft boats, and scale for medium size. In addition to employing fewer fisherman than 40, fishing might become more proficient technically. Because physical and mental issues can be noticed when a person is older than 40. A case in point is vision issues. Therefore, it may be inferred by looking at the outcomes employing middle-aged fishermen whose technical performance can be improved.

Will There Be Womanly Times? Reflections on the Work of Ellen Lesperance

This article investigates textiles as translation and tribute through the work of artist Ellen Lesperance. Focusing on her body of work about the Greenham Common Women’s Peace Camp, exploring themes of activism, feminism and knitting. Drawing from photographs and archival footage, Lesperance faithfully recreates the patterns, symbols and colors of knitwear worn by women in the camp through intricate, gridded paintings. The knitwear was worn by the protesters to display messages of intent and affiliation to a political cause. Clothing is often used as a communication of protest, but these distinctive jumpers were each handmade incorporating hours of labor, love, and wear by the women in the camp. Lesperance’s detailed knitting patterns can be seen as figurative paintings honoring the female activists who made and wore the original pieces. This article examines how textiles can express ideology and lived experience and draws on my current research into how we can use the past to inform design for the future. It explores archival research, reinterpretation, and recreation as a method to invoke the original.

Indirect Cost Burden Attributable to Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the United States

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Chemoradiation (CRT) is the current standard of care for unresectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA HNSCC). However, the prognosis of LA HNSCC remains poor in patients managed by CRT alone. Limited information is available on the indirect cost burden imposed by progressions and deaths due to LA HNSCC. This study aimed to estimate the indirect costs attributable to LA HNSCC under CRT, including indirect costs due to premature death, impaired productivity while alive, and caregiver burden. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> A partitioned survival model with four health states (event-free, locoregional recurrence/progression [LR/P], recurrent/distant metastases [R/DM], and death) was developed to track health status over time for a cohort of adult patients initiating CRT for LA HNSCC. Survival endpoints were extrapolated using exponential distributions fitted to digitized, published Kaplan-Meier data from the JAVELIN Head and Neck 100 trial. Indirect costs due to premature death were calculated based on expected life years lost relative to a general population cohort with the same baseline age (59 years) and gender (18% female). Indirect costs due to morbidity-related patient work loss and caregiver burden were assessed based on time spent in the LR/P and R/DM states and literature-based estimates of: productivity impairment by state among patients and caregivers; and proportion of patients who require caregiving by state. A human capital approach was used to calculate the present value of life years lost, productivity loss while alive, and caregiver burden over a lifetime, applying 3% discounting and 1% earnings growth annually. Under this approach, the potential annual value of productivity at each age was calculated using nationally reported labor force participation, annual labor earnings, hours of non-market labor, and a markup for employer-provided benefits. <h3>Results</h3> In patients initiating CRT for LA HNSCC, 95% were expected over their remaining lifetime to have a progression or premature death due to HNSCC, resulting in 14.1 life years lost. Lifetime indirect costs were an estimated $556,412 per patient with LA HNSCC, with indirect costs due to premature death comprising 83% of this total. <h3>Conclusion</h3> LA HNSCC is associated with substantial indirect costs over a lifetime, highlighting the need for more effective treatments that prevent disease progression and prolong survival. The indirect costing approach adopted in this study can be applied to economic evaluations of new interventions for LA HNSCC when considering a societal perspective.

College education and income contingent loans in equilibrium

In 2009 the US government introduced a major income-contingent loans (ICLs) program for financing higher education. We investigate its welfare implications in the presence of income shocks, and endogenous dropout risk and college enrollment. While ICLs provide valuable income insurance and thereby increase college enrollment by risk averse agents, they may also lead to adverse selection of individuals with lower ability and generate a moral hazard cost of lowering educational effort and labor hours. We evaluate this insurance-incentives trade-off in a calibrated heterogeneous agent model. We show that ICLs increase welfare and that the social costs of adverse selection and moral hazard are mild.

Field application of non-blasting mechanized mining using high-frequency impact hammer in deep hard rock mine

A non-blasting mechanized mining experiment was carried out with a high-frequency impact hammer, and the daily mining performance was recorded to explore the applicability of the high-frequency impact hammer in deep hard rock mines. Before the field application, the scope of the excavation damage zone was monitored, and rock samples were obtained from the ore body to be mined to carry out a series of laboratory experiments. Field application results show that the overall excavation efficiency reaches 50.6 t/h, and the efficiency of pillar excavation after excavating stress relief slot reaches 158.2 t/h. The results indicate that the non-blasting mechanized mining using high-frequency impact hammer has a good application in deep hard rock mines, and the stress relief slot is conducive to mechanical excavation. In addition, the high-frequency impact hammer also exhibits the advantages of high utilization rate of labor hours, small lumpiness of spalling ore, little dust, and little excavation damage. Finally, according to the field application and laboratory experiment results, a non-blasting mechanized mining method for hard rock mines based on high-frequency impact hammer is proposed.

Incidence of Various Causes of Stillbirth in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: The present study aims to explore different factors linked with this stillbirth rate in Pakistan, which are; sociodemographic factors, living experiences, and health-related factors related to this highest stillbirth rate, and reflect their relationship with the pregnancy, birth elements, and stillbirth in the context of tertiary healthcare setting in Pakistan. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This was a multicentric study which was conducted at Unit II Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Teaching Hospital Sukkur, Civil Hospital Quetta and Muhammad Medical and Dental College Mirpurkhas from March 2021 to March 2022. Methodology: This study gathered data related to respondent demographics and their clinical history. For the stillbirth data, this study uses fitted bi-variable and multivariable models with two options, yes/no, and three categories, i.e., mothers' livebirth/macerated/non-macerated stillbirth. This method explores and identifies their linkage with the respondents' demographic and clinical aspects. Results: Results show that there were, in total, 1999 neonates and 1927 mothers as the sample size. Findings show that the increased odds of stillbirth were linked with maternal inadequate education, distancing issue, people living in huts or cottages, hypertensive mothers, history of stillbirth, complexities with birth, increased time for labor, antepartum hemorrhage, long hours of labor or obstructed labor, vaginal breech at the time of delivery, cesarean in an emergency condition and signs of the trauma after birth to the neonate. Conclusion. The results show that some factors responsible for stillbirth can be used to develop interventions needed to improve Pakistan's public health conditions. Eventually, it will reduce preventable deaths and improve the condition of maternal health in that particular region. Keywords: Stillbirth, Maternal health, Avoidable death, universal health.

Utilization patterns and efficiency gains from use of a fully EHR-integrated COVID-19 self-triage and self-scheduling tool: a retrospective analysis.

Symptom checkers can help address high demand for SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) testing and care by providing patients with self-service access to triage recommendations. However, health systems may be hesitant to invest in these tools, as their associated efficiency gains have not been studied. We aimed to quantify the operational efficiency gains associated with use of an online COVID-19 symptom checker as an alternative to a telephone hotline. In our health system, ambulatory patients can either use an online symptom checker or a telephone hotline to be triaged and connected to COVID-19 care. We performed a retrospective analysis of adults who used either method between October 20, 2021 and January 10, 2022, using call logs, electronic health record data, and local wages to calculate labor costs. Of the 15 549 total COVID-19 triage encounters, 1820 (11.7%) used only the telephone hotline and 13 729 (88.3%) used the symptom checker. Only 271 (2%) of the patients who used the symptom checker also called the hotline. Hotline encounters required more clinician time compared to those involving the symptom checker (17.8 vs 0.4min/encounter), resulting in higher average labor costs ($24.21 vs $0.55 per encounter). The symptom checker resulted in over 4200 clinician labor hours saved. When given the option, most patients completed COVID-19 triage and visit scheduling online, resulting in substantial efficiency gains. These benefits may encourage health system investment in such tools.

School attendance and child labor: Evidence from Mexico’s Full-Time School program

This paper examines the effect of a program that extended the length of the school day from part-time to full-time in Mexico, on school enrollment, time spent on schooling activities, as well as market and excessive domestic work of children aged 7 to 14. We further analyze possible spillover effects within the household focusing on older siblings and parents. To identify the effect, we take advantage of the staggered implementation of the Full-Time Schools (FTS) program across municipalities from 2009 to 2018. The results show that the FTS program has no impact on school enrollment, but increases the weekly hours allocated to schooling activities, and at the same time reduces child labor hours. A one standard deviation increase in the share of FTS reduces the probability of engaging in child labor by 0.9 percentage points, which implies a 12% reduction in child labor.

Miniterm, a Novel Virtual Sensor for Predictive Maintenance for the Industry 4.0 Era.

This article introduces a novel virtual sensor for predictive maintenance called mini-term. A mini-term can be defined as the time it takes for a part of the machine to do its job. Being a technical sub-cycle time, its function has been linked to production. However, when a machine or component gets deteriorated, the mini-term also suffers deterioration, allowing it to be a multifunctional indicator for the prediction of machine failures as well as measurement of production. Currently, in Industry 4.0, one of the handicaps is Big Data and Data Analysis. However, in the case of predictive maintenance, the need to install sensors in the machines means that when the proposed scientific solutions reach the industry, they cannot be carried out massively due to the high cost this entails. The advantage introduced by the mini-term is that it can be implemented in an easy and simple way in pre-installed systems since you only need to program a timer in the PLC or PC that controls the line/machine in the production line, allowing, according to the authors’ knowledge, to build industrial Big Data on predictive maintenance for the first time, which is called Miniterm 4.0. This article shows evidence of the important improvements generated by the use of Miniterm 4.0 in a factory. At the end of the paper we show the evolution of TAV (Technical availability), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), EM (Number of Work order (Emergency Orders/line Stop)) and OM (Labour hours in EM) showing a very important improvement as the number of mini-terms was increased and the Miniterm 4.0 system became more reliable. In particular, TAV is increased by 15%, OM is reduced in 5000 orders, MTTR is reduced in 2 h and there are produced 3000 orders less than when mini-terms did not exist. At the end of the article we discuss the benefits and limitations of the mini-terms and we show the conclusions and future works.

P79. Development of an evidence-based framework to increase patient-reported outcome response rates for orthopedic practices

<h3>BACKGROUND CONTEXT</h3> Collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is increasingly viewed as the standard of care in various orthopedic surgeries given the intrinsic need for quality metrics and outcome collection requirements from government agencies and insurance carriers. Despite these incentives, low response rates to PRO collection tools remain a problem. Currently, most studies that address PRO response rates mainly focus on patients and few studies analyze strategies to improve response rates. To date, an evidence-based overview of successful PRO collection strategies incorporated into an overarching human-centered design framework is still absent. <h3>PURPOSE</h3> We aimed to systematically review existing literature, synthesize evidence, and develop an overarching framework of strategies to increase PRO collection rates. <h3>METHODS</h3> First, we systematically searched existing literature from 06-2011 to 06-2021 (using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Business Source Complete) for studies that 1) included a primary or secondary outcome of PRO response rates evaluating one or more interventions, 2) included the PRO response rate achieved for each comparator group, 3) calculated response rates per PRO, 4) involved an orthopedic practice, 5) involved mainly adults. Included studies were assessed according to their focus on survey collection tool design or patient engagement; subsequently, a human-centered design approach was used to develop an evidence-based framework. In order to develop a comprehensive framework for strategies to increase PRO response rates, we developed a two-pronged framework: survey collection tool strategies and patient engagement strategies. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Among 15 included studies (conducted in 3 countries) there were 3 randomized controlled trials, 1 prospective study and 11 retrospective studies. PRO response rates achieved by interventions ranged from 46% to 100%; 3 studies included more than one intervention, and only 1 of these studies looked at each intervention separately. The remaining two were unable to identify which specific intervention was most effective. The most common intervention studied was the method of survey distribution modality, however, modalities' effectiveness was not uniform. Additional interventions studied were: dedicated research assistants, length of surveys, frequency of surveys, automated provider reminders and communication regarding standard of care. Having a dedicated research assistant, shorter surveys, and automated reminders for the provider showed an increase in response rate. Color-coding indicates which strategies have been studied and examples are included in italics. There are significant gaps in the literature, especially on the patient engagement side. The strategy studied most for patient engagement is the number of dedicated research assistants, which has higher associated costs due to dedicated labor hours. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Considering the two aspects of survey data collection: survey collection tool design and patient engagement, current literature has prioritized the former, leaving a considerable gap in the orthopedic community's understanding of strategies to improve PRO response rate. The framework presented strives to provide a systematic roadmap for orthopedic practices seeking to increase PRO response rates that do not drastically increase cost. <h3>FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS</h3> This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.

Wachstum durch Beschäftigung: Potenziale der deutschen Volkswirtschaft

Abstract Germany’s labour market faces substantial challenges caused by demographic change in the next decade. However, a country comparison with Sweden and Switzerland reveals hidden labour market potentials. Raising the employment rate towards the Swiss level implies an increase of 1.83 billion labour hours. An alignment of weekly working hours as well as annual working weeks in Germany with the (higher) values of those in Sweden and Switzerland would raise annual labour volume to 4.71 billion working hours. A reduction of involuntary part time work in Germany leads to an increase of 691 million working hours. A better utilisation of the existing labour force potential can thus contribute to tackle the adverse effects of demographic change and enable a state budget consolidation after the crisis.