Hot Issue Research Articles

Perovskite Oxides for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen/Oxygen Evolution Reaction

AbstractSince the excessive exploitation of fossil fuels will cause wars for oil, developing sustainable and eco‐friendly energy resources to solve the energy crisis and realize the carbon‐neutrality goal has been a hot issue. Water electrolysis has been acknowledged as a promising technology for hydrogen (H2)/oxygen (O2) evolution reaction (HER/OER) since the overall water splitting reaction rates can be well controlled by applying appropriate electrode voltage. Whereas the sluggish electrochemical reactions kinetics on both the cathode and anode have greatly restricted the energy conversion efficiency. Thus, developing highly active electrocatalysts to reduce the overpotentials required for electrolytic HER/OER is of great significance in increasing the utilization rates of electrical power and lowering production costs. ABO3‐structured perovskite‐oxides based electrocatalysts possess the merits of low cost, high structural stability, and lattice compatibility, and thus they have attracted intense research attention in recent decays. To inspire both theoretical and experimental researchers to design novel perovskite‐oxide electrocatalysts for efficient HER/OER, the fundamental electrode reaction mechanisms, the effects of synthetic methods on material morphologies, recently reported perovskite‐oxide electrocatalysts and effective tuning strategies on enhancing the electrocatalytic activities of existing perovskite‐oxides have been fully discussed in this review.

Do Not Stay in Denial for long: AI's Influence on Workforce Dynamics

The premise of the Software Industry column is to bring to readers reflections on current issues going in the software industry. However, over this year, each time I get to prepare for writing the new column and I start by reflecting on hot issues being discussed, I always find it related to AI. This is not repetitive. First, this pattern is a true reflection in itself: AI is just in air and all over the place in the software industry. Second, there are many angles to AI - AI is not just one thing. In previous issue; for instance, we discussed Trust issue about AI. In this issue, we will talk about how the tech market is influenced by AI.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Geological Hazards Monitoring Technologies

This study systematically analyzed research trends and hot issues in the field of geological hazard prediction using bibliometric analysis methods. A total of 12,123 related articles published from 1976 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Co-occurrence analysis and burst detection were conducted on the literature using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools to identify the research trends in geological hazard monitoring technologies. The results reveal that “data fusion”, “landslide identification”, “deep learning”, and “risk early warning” are currently the main research hot spots. Additionally, the combined application of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) technologies, as well as GNSS and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models, were identified as important directions for future research. The bibliometric perspective offers a systematic theoretical framework and technical guidance for future research, thereby facilitating the sustainable advancement of safety, security, and disaster management.

Social Factors Contributing to Juvenile Delinquency and Its Impact

Nowadays, the issue of juvenile crime, a hot social issue, has received widespread attention, but there are still shortcomings in comprehensive governance and prevention of juvenile criminal behavior. This paper analyzes the social factors that lead to juvenile crime, concluding that juveniles will commit criminal acts due to negative family environments, subjective and objective socioeconomic status, and inadequate education. In light of this, the paper offers the following suggestions: Create a good family atmosphere at home, parents and children should learn to think from each other's perspectives and strive to build mutual understanding and tolerance between them; Improve the overall quality of teachers in schools, maintain the physical and mental health of every student, and set up a platform for psychological treatment so that professional teachers can take care of the students' mental health problems promptly; Establish a good social governance and safety management system, and do good law-abiding work for juveniles.

Study on time-frequency domain characteristics and cross-media communication of laser acoustic signals based on optical breakdown mechanism

Abstract Cross-media communication is a hot research issue at present. The use of sound waves generated by laser induced sound mechanism for cross-media communication is a new topic proposed in recent years. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of laser acoustic signal and the feasibility study for cross-media detection. The time-frequency characteristics and directivity of the laser induced sound signal are studied on the self-built experimental platform. The results show that the pulse duration of the laser acoustic signal is about 0.2ms, and the peak frequency is about 14.89kHz. The directivity is anisotropy, the signal strength in horizontal direction is the strongest, and the signal strength perpendicular to the water surface is the weakest, so it has a good horizontal distance transmission ability. This paper verifies the detection system of trans-air-sea interface communication and trans-air-sea interface communication based on laser sound and conducts the communication experiment of laser acoustic signal. By modulating laser energy, the underwater acoustic signal is modulated in time domain, and the signal communication with 0-bit error rate of 8bps within the meter is realized. The detection threshold of acoustic signal is calculated to be 44.93dB after horizontal transmission of 1km. The analysis and simulation of water surface micro-motion based on laser induced sound are carried out. The results show that the wave crest of water surface generated by laser acoustic signal through underwater reflection reaches the order of micron and can be detected by radar. The surface wave intensity is little affected by the depth of detection, so it could work in deep water. This study provides a certain experimental and theoretical basis for laser communication across the air and sea interface.

High-efficiency focusing metalens based on metagrating arrays

The flexible and precise control of wavefronts of electromagnetic waves has always been a hot issue, and the emergence of metasurfaces has provided a platform to solve this problem, but their design and optimization remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate two design and optimization methods for metagrating-based metalenses based on the highest manipulation efficiency and highest diffraction efficiency. The metalens operating at 0.14 THz with numerical apertures of 0.434 is designed by these two methods for comparison. Then, the metalens is fabricated with photocuring 3D printing technology and an imaging system is built to characterize the distribution of focal spots. With the highest manipulation efficiency, the metalens shows a focal spot with the diameter of 0.93λ and depth of focus (DOF) of 22.7λ, and the manipulation and diffraction efficiencies reach 98.1% and 58.3%. With the highest diffraction efficiency, the metalens shows a focal spot with the diameter of 0.91λ and DOF of 24.6λ, and the manipulation and diffraction efficiencies reach 94.6% and 62.5%. The results show that the metalenses designed by both methods can perform a filamentous focal spot in the sub-wavelength scale with a long DOF; simultaneous high manipulation and diffraction efficiencies are obtained. A transmission imaging manner is used to verify the imaging capability of the metalenses, and the measurements are satisfactorily congruous with the anticipated results. The proposed methods can stably generate focal spots beyond the physical diffraction limit, which has a broad application in terahertz imaging, communications, etc.

Wind farms reduce grassland plant community diversity and lead to plant community convergence

Climate warming has become a hot issue of common concern all over the world, and wind energy has become an important clean energy source. Wind farms, usually built in wild lands like grassland, may cause damage to the initial ecosystem and biodiversity. However, the impact of wind farms on the functional diversity of plant communities remains a subject with unclear outcomes. In this study, we chose 108 sample plots and identified 10 plant functional traits through a field vegetation survey. We used general linear regression analysis to assess how wind farm influenced vegetation community diversity, focusing on ten distinct plant functional traits. The study revealed that wind farm had significant impacts on grassland plant communities, diminishing diversity and functional traits, which leads to species composition convergence. Additionally, wind farm increased certain functional traits, like height and leaf area, while decreasing phosphorus content. Furthermore, the productivity of these plant communities was reduced by wind farm presence. This study highlights the negative consequences of wind farms in Inner Mongolia on plant diversity, aiming to offer scientific recommendations for the optimal arrangement of wind farms to safeguard biodiversity.

A new approach to construct basic probability assignment and its applications in data classification

In the present work, we have proposed a classification algorithm that uses Dempster Shafer (D-S) evidence theory since it has emerged as an effective tool in handling data classification problems. As basic probability assignment (BPA) is a pre-requisite for applying D-S theory, how to generate it is a hot issue. This paper proposes a novel method for generating basic probability assignments (BPAs) from training data. Dempster Shafer’s (D-S) rule of Combination is utilized for the unification of these BPAs and finally, classify each data item using these unified BPAs. Testing is carried out using some popular benchmark data sets consisting of three classes. Evaluated results show that the classification accuracy is comparatively high.

MALWARE ANALYSIS AND DETECTION FOR MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGIES

Malware detection is always a hot issue and a priority task in cyber crimes. Despite a lot of work in the past malware detection in Microsoft Word is being a major challenge for researchers and other practitioners. This research examines the malware and detects the malicious files with the help of structural path features and lexical based features of extracted URL from unzipped XML files of Microsoft Word. This research carried out three experiments and finally reached to a goal with 0.97% accuracy with a highest true positive rate of 0.98% and lowest false positive rate of 0.012%. It showed a somehow reduced TPR rate in detecting benign files but can be increase in future while doing more precise work upon malicious URL used in documents.

Clinical treatment difficulties and strategies for palatogingival groove

Palatogingival groove (PGG) is a common developmental deformity, which is prone to retain plaque, leading to local periodontal inflammation. Furthermore, the infection can spread to the dental pulp tissue through the PGG, eventually resulting in combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. The treatment methods include PGG treatment, periodontal treatment, endodontic treatment, etc. The abnormal anatomical structure of PGG will influence the treatment and prognosis of the affected tooth. Teeth with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions often have poor curative effect and prognosis. How to early intervene and improve its prognosis has become a hot and difficult issue for dentists in recent years. This article analyzes the challenges in the treatment of PGG and puts forward the corresponding strategies, so as to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PGG.

Low-internal-phase and high-viscoelastic emulsion gel synergistically stabilized by buckwheat protein microgel and carboxylated cellulose nanofibers.

With the increasing demand for healthy diets, low-fat foods have gradually become a hot issue. This study successfully prepared low-internal-phase and high-viscoelastic emulsion gels using the synergistic effect between buckwheat protein microgel (BPM) and carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF). The effects of the ratio of BPM to CNF on the microstructure, stability, rheological properties, and 3D printing characteristics of the emulsion gels were investigated. The results showed that the emulsion gels with good viscoelasticity could not be constructed when BPM or CNF alone was used as a stabilizer. The emulsion gels synergistically stabilized by BPM and CNF had a dense microstructure, good environmental stability, and rheological properties. When the ratio of BPM to CNF was 3:7, emulsion gels with different oil phase fractions (5 %, 10 %, 30 %, and 50 %) showed elasticity-dominated solid-like behavior and excellent environmental stability. The 3D printing results show that with the addition of CNF, the emulsion gel stabilized synergistically by BPM and CNF exhibits better extrusion and self-supporting behaviors, and all the print products can precisely replicate the preset models. Therefore, this study may provide new design ideas for constructing low-internal-phase and high-viscoelastic emulsions and their application in 3D-printed food.

Meta-analysis of the Occurrence Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Agricultural Soil in China

The potential threat of soil microplastics （MPs, particle sizes smaller than 5 mm） to the agricultural environment and food security production has become a hot issue, but there are few systematic studies on the characteristics and influencing factors of MP pollution in agricultural soil in China. Based on the data of soil MPs and related environmental factors （temperature, precipitation, soil pH, and organic carbon） and social and economic factors （permanent population, gross regional product per capita, gross industrial product per capita, and cultivated land area per capita） extracted from 6 694 samples from 85 published studies from 2020 to 2023, meta-analysis was performed. The characteristics of MPs pollution in agricultural soil and the key factors affecting the accumulation of MPs in soil in six administrative regions of China were analyzed. The results showed that soil MPs had six colors： （semi-） transparent, black, white, yellow, blue, green, and red. There were five kinds of shapes： fragment, fiber, film, particle, and foam. The particle size was between 0.01 and 5.0 mm. There were nine types of MPs： polyethylene （PE）, polypropylene （PP）, polystyrene （PS）, polyester （PES）, polyethylene terephthalate （PET）, polyvinyl chloride （PVC）, rayon （RY）, polyacrylonitrile （PAN）, and polyamide （PA）. The abundance gradient of soil MPs in different regions was as follows： South-central region > Northwest region > Southwest region > East China region > North China region > Northeast region. The （semi-） transparent （27.6%）, fragmented （32.2%）, 0.01~0.5 mm （66.3%）, and PE （37%） types of MPs had the highest detection rates. The characteristics of soil MPs are the result of natural environmental factors （temperature, precipitation, soil pH, organic carbon） and social factors （permanent population, gross regional product per capita, gross industrial product per capita, cultivated land area per capita）.

Analysis of Hot Spots on Photovoltaic Panels

The increase in photovoltaic systems necessitates addressing hot spot issues. Analysis reveals that shading, dust, and manufacturing defects can lead to hot spot formation. A proposed voltage measurement method, based on the Hot Spot Index (HSI), enables hot spot identification and localization. Experiments confirm its effectiveness in detection. Additionally, nearby surrounding areas are also affected, indicating their potential thermal impact. This proactive approach allows minimizing the adverse effects of hot spots on the performance and lifespan of PV systems.

"Turn-on-off" Fluorescent Probes Based on Carbon Nanoparticles for Hypochlorite and Fe2+ Detection.

The identification of ClO- and iron ions in water medium is a difficult task and has been one of the hot issues in analytical chemistry. For this objective, we synthesized carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) through a solvothermal reaction between 1, 3, 5-trimesic acid and o-phenylenediamine, which served as a sequential fluorescent probe for ClO- and Fe2+ ions. The obtained CNPs were spherical particles with a diameter of 26.5nm, exhibiting excellent fluorescence stability under a wide pH range, high ionic strength, and UV irradiation. Interestingly, the fluorescence of CNPs was selectively enhanced in the presence of ClO-, and the resultant enhanced emission was extremely quenched by Fe2+. In view of this, a "turn-on-off" fluorescent probe was established, which possessed wonderful sensitivity and selectivity for quantitative analysis of ClO- and Fe2+, with corresponding detection limits of 0.15 µM and 0.088 µM, respectively. In addition, the practicality and viability of the developed probe were validated by quantifying ClO- and Fe2+ in tap water and river water.

Literature Review of Research on English Abstracts for Scientific Papers

This paper reviews the research status and progress in the field of English abstracts of scientific papers, introduces the research background and importance of English abstracts of scientific papers as an important part of academic papers, and points out the key role of English abstracts of scientific papers in the improvement of academic communication and international influence. Through combing and analyzing the related literature, the main achievements and progresses in the research of English abstracts of scientific papers are elaborated in detail, including the analysis of the move structure, the characteristics of academic vocabulary usage, the construction of the lexicon of semantic features, and the comparison of lexical chunks, etc., and the current status and characteristics of the research in the field in China are also introduced. This paper finds that there are some hot and difficult issues in the research field of English abstracts of scientific papers, mainly in the areas of standardized writing of abstracts, cross-cultural comparison of abstract linguistic features, and the construction of automatic citation and recognition models. Finally, a comprehensive review of the existing research is conducted, pointing out the shortcomings of the current stage of research, such as the limited number of samples and the feature lexicon vocabulary to be expanded, etc., and proposing the directions and possible development trends of future research, such as the study of the writing process and cognitive mechanism, the deepening of interdisciplinary and cross-cultural contrastive research, and the application and innovation of the natural language processing technology. This paper aims to provide reference for researchers in the field of English abstracts for scientific papers, and to provide ideas and suggestions for follow-up research.

RESEARCH ON NEW APPROACHES TO CHINA'S OVERSEAS UNITED FRONT WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF MAJOR CHANGES UNSEEN IN A CENTURY

In the context of major changes unseen in a century, the international situation is evolving, countries are accelerating strategic adjustments with an eye to future competition, and global uncertainty and instability are particularly prominent. Overseas united front work faces new changes, situations, and characteristics. Efforts to explore the patterns of overseas united front work, focus on resolving current hot issues and difficulties, and enhance work consciousness and initiative are extremely important for consolidating and expanding the united front in the new era and achieving the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. KEYWORDS: Major Changes Unseen in a Century, Overseas United Front, Chinese Culture

Research on the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, R&D Investment and Financial Performance

In recent years, some social hot issues such as environmental pollution, false donations, food hygiene, employee safety hazards and other social hot issues have pushed CSR to the forefront. The issue of corporate social responsibility has aroused wide concern in the state and the public, and it has become an irreversible trend that enterprises should bear more or even exceed the economic level of social responsibility. On the background of encouraging enterprises to fulfill social responsibility, the paper based on social responsibility theory, resource-based theory, stakeholder theory and social contract theory, using Stata16.0 to conduct empirical analysis on the samples of listed companies in A-share pharmaceutical, computer, communication and equipment manufacturing industry in China from 2018 to 2020. This paper studies the impact of CSR and R&D on financial performance and the moderating role of R&D in the relationship between CSR and financial performance. Research findings: CSR and financial performance is significantly positive correlation; R&D investment has a significant negative correlation with the current financial performance, but has a positive effect in the lagging period. R&D investment plays a positive moderating role in the positive correlation between CSR and financial performance. Based on the results, this paper puts forward targeted policies and practical suggestions for enterprises and the government from different dimensions, so as to promote the sustainable development of our enterprises by making them pay attention to their social responsibility and technological innovation capabilities.

Antibody Drugs in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's disease is one of the important causes of Alzheimer's disease. The prevalence rate has been increasing in recent years, which is a hot issue for the medical community. In view of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is still not exactly diagnosed, the research and development of related drugs is not particularly ideal. Existing drugs mostly stay in symptomatic treatment. However, in recent years, the medical community has gradually turned to causative treatment. Among them, disease-modifying therapy (DMT) is the most frequently studied drug at present, accounting for 82.5% of the total drugs under consideration. Among the DMT-class drugs, 16 (equivalent to 15.4%) are specifically designed as anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), while 11 (accounting for 10.6%) target tau proteins with monoclonal antibody technology. Through reviewing past literature and comparing data, this paper takes Aducanumab, Lecanemab, and CCTM2 as examples to explore the therapeutic principles and make a summary.

Expert consensus on clinical application of next-generation sequencing in advanced breast cancer (2024 edition)

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women in the world. According to data from the World Health Organization, in 2020, there were approximately 2.26 million new breast cancer cases worldwide, accounting for 11.7% of all new cancer cases. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology and gene detection technology, the research on advanced breast cancer continues to deepen, and the treatment methods are constantly enriched. Gene targeted therapy significantly prolongs the survival period of patients with advanced breast cancer, which is of great significance for molecular pathological diagnosis, targeted drug selection and treatment mode optimization of patients with advanced breast cancer. Based on the development of literature and clinical research, the consensus expert committee formulated the "Expert consensus on clinical application of next-generation sequencing in advanced breast cancer (2024 edition)". Compared with the "Chinese Expert Consensus on Hot Issues of Gene Testing for Advanced breast cancer (2021)", the 2024 consensus adopts new evidence-based medical evidence, aiming to provide more comprehensive gene testing information for patients with advanced breast cancer, so as to develop more accurate treatment strategies.

Role of Emotional Support and Socio-Cultural Atmosphere on the Experience Caesaran Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: The global maternal mortality rate has increased annually. This study aimed to examine the role of emotional support and the social support theraphy on the experience of emergency caesarean deliveries. Methods: The narrative study was conducted using scientific journal database sources from PubMed, Proquest, Ebsco, Science Direct, and Google Scholar from 2016 to 2023. After the articles were obtained, they were tabulated using an Excel table. Overall, 184 articles were identified based on the search titles. Ten articles focused on the influence of emotional support on patient experiences, and five articles focused on the influence of sociocultural atmosphere on patient experiences. Results: The influence of emotional support and the socio-cultural atmosphere on emergency caesarean section patients is one strategy for reducing maternal mortality rates. The poor sociocultural atmosphere regarding cesarean delivery is still a hot issue in the community, and the lack of emotional support from health service providers can cause patient and family approval to be late in agreeing to informed consent for emergency cesarean care, which should be provided immediately. Conclusion: There is a need for adequate emotional support in the form of empathy, interactive communication, presence and availability, motivation and hope, nonverbal communication, sense of humor, and ambient environment.