Hotel Building Research Articles

Research on Evacuation of Hotel Staff Based on Pathfinder

In order to alleviate the serious congestion in the evacuation process of high-rise buildings in today’s society when a fire occurs, a hotel building in Xi’an was used as the background in this research process, and the disaster escape software Pathfinder was used to conduct a fire on all personnel in the hotel. The subsequent evacuation simulation shows that different behaviors and different groups of people need to spend time in the process of escape and the actual situation of the stairs, walkways, safety exits and other locations in this situation. Combined with the comparative analysis of the required evacuation time and evacuation width of the building in the “Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings”, it is determined that the fastest evacuation of people can be carried out in 657s.

Analisis dan Desain Struktur Atas Hotel 10 Lantai di Kabupaten Bogor terhadap Beban Gempa

The type of soil at the location of the hotel building is a type of medium land (D). The applications used in this study are ETABS V16.1 and AutoCAD. Based on the PUSKIM website, the Ss and S1 Bogor City were 0.881 and 0.356, respectively. Based on the results of the analysis of the application ETABS V16.1 obtained fewer reinforcement design results than the existing reinforcement. The maximum nominal moment of the beam is 508.3 kNm while the ultimate moment is 498.4 kNm. The maximum nominal shear force of the beam is 565.9 kN while the ultimate shear force is 538.4 kN. The maximum nominal moment of the column is 1488.5 kNm while the maximum ultimate moment is 1478 kNm. The maximum nominal axial force of the column is 6291 kN while the maximum ultimate axial force is 6287 kN. The maximum nominal bending moment of the floor plate is 41.3 kNm while the maximum ultimate moment is 39.9 kNm. The maximum nominal shear force of the floor plate is 234.7 kN while the maximum ultimate shear force is 228.9 kN. The nominal shear force of shear wall is 8238.5 kN while the ultimate shear force is 8194.7 kN. Based on the internal forces, the building that has been built is in accordance with the plan so that it is safe to withstand earthquake loads.

Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality in Budget Hotels Using Text-Mining Method: Case Study of Top Five Brands in China

Guests’ evaluation of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is important for identifying environment quality problems in hotels and improving service quality. This paper aims to identify IEQ problems in budget hotels in China and improve them. Specifically, 2.06 million online reviews of budget hotels were used to assess IEQ issues in China’s budget hotels in four areas: acoustic environment, luminous environment, indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal environment. The influences of the season, region and type of customers on the IEQ evaluation were also explored, and the main causes of IEQ problems were also identified. The research results show that the IEQ complaint rates of budget hotels are relatively high. In particular, complaints about the acoustic environment are more common. Differences in seasons and climate zones have significant effects on complaints about the acoustic environment, thermal environment and IAQ. Different types of customers have different concerns about hotel IEQ, among which solo travelers and traveling couples have higher requirements for IEQ. The occurrence of IEQ problems significantly reduces a hotel’s online rating, with IAQ and the thermal environment having the greatest impacts, but the causal factors that trigger IEQ problems are relatively concentrated. The findings of this paper can provide a reference for assessing IEQ problems in hotel buildings and guide hotel managers to adopt targeted IEQ improvement programs to promote sustainable development in the hotel industry.

Hotel energy rating system using dynamic zone EUI method in Taiwan

This study seeks to develop a predictive method for hotel energy consumption and an energy rating system for existing hotels based on utility bills. It forms part of T-BERS (Taiwan’s Building Energy Rating System) currently being developed by the Architecture and Building Research Institute. T-BERS adopts the dynamic zone EUI (energy use intensity) method and a right-skewed EUI distribution and references the 7-class rating of EP Label used in the EU for public buildings. Rather than using a EUI for an entire hotel building as the rating index, the dynamic zone EUI method takes “dynamic” EUI indices calculated accumulatively from corresponding EUIs for 10 energy zones in a hotel. Thus, a customized EUI rating scale may be established to tailor to the unique scale and spatial composition of each hotel, thereby ensuring a fair assessment. The minimum, median and maximum EUI values for the 10 energy zones are set based on benchmark models simulated with eQUEST. The median EUI value is set based on the minimum criteria in the latest building code, and the maximum and minimum values based on the worst and best conditions in existing hotels in the market. The scoring model is compared and validated against the distribution of actual EUIs for 89 hotels measured by Taiwan's Bureau of Energy. It is shown to be aligned with real distributions of EUIs in the hotel building market and comply with the requirements of scale sensitivity and scale reliability. A modification for energy assessment predicating on utility bills has also been proposed herein. Using yearly occupancy rate YOR as a modifying factor, a hotel with irregular operations can now receive more customized, fair and rational assessment.

A novel operation strategy based on black hole algorithm to optimize combined cooling, heating, and power-ground source heat pump system

To improve the efficiency of a combined cooling, heating, and power-ground source heat pump system (CCHP-GSHP), ground source heat pump cooling and heating start factors are proposed. The start factors can control the GSHP cooling and heating start load rates. Moreover, they can reduce the operating time of GSHP with a low coefficient of performance (COP) and increase the operating time with a high COP during the absorption refrigeration. A following electric load with start factors (FEL-SF) is presented as a novel operation strategy for guiding the system operation, and is compared with a traditional FEL. In the FEL-SF model, the rated capacity of the power generation unit, seasonal start factors, and seasonal GSHP energy ratios are established as decision variables. The system’s optimal objective is providing an optimal comprehensive performance in regards to energy, the environment, and the economy. The black hole (BH) algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. A hotel building is selected as an example for analysis. The research results show that the FEL-SF operation strategy has better performance (the comprehensive performance reaches 4.0%) throughout the year. The effect of the FEL-SF strategy is superior for each index in each season. In addition, the setting of the GSHP start factors is suitable for most regions with different climates.

EVALUASI NON-PHYSICAL WASTE DENGAN LEAN CONSTRUCTION PADA PROYEK GEDUNG SANGGALA

The construction industry faces many challenges with problems related to construction waste as it takes up time and effort without adding value to clients. A concept in project management, namely lean construction, has the main focus of minimizing waste and providing added value to a construction project. The purpose of this study was to know the existence of non-physical waste, its causative factors, and how lean construction can be implemented to minimize non-physical waste in earthworks, foundations and basement 2 of the Sanggala Hotel and Office Building Project. The study was carried out by observation, document study, and questionnaires to identify non-physical waste. This study showed that the non-physical waste that most often occurs in related project was equipment breakdown frequently with a weight of 0.086. Meanwhile, the non-physical waste variable that has the greatest impact on causing time overrun on the project was delayed schedule with a weight of 0.080. Equipment breakdown frequently is influenced dominantly by the equipment shortage. Delayed schedule is influenced dominantly by licensing problems. In general, lean construction approaches such as Construction Meetings, Preventive And Predictive Maintenance, and Fail-Safe For Quality And Safety can be applied by contractors to minimize non-physical waste that was dominant in the project. Keywords: Lean Construction, Non-Physical Waste, Waste

PENGARUH DISIPLIN TERHADAP KINERJA DENGAN VARIABEL EFIKASI DAN MOTIVASI EKSTERNAL SEBAGAI EKSOGEN

The growth of the hotel industry in the Cilegon city continues to increase, this is indicated by the establishment of many new hotel buildings. However, things got even more difficult, when there was a pandemic. In a difficult time like this, the obstacle is not only competition, but the decline in public interest in the tourism industry is a very heavy blow. Therefore, companies are required to improve service quality, one of which is through improving employee performance. In fact, this study intends to examine how the role of human resource quality on hotel performance, even during a pandemic, is able to retain visitors. To prove the correctness of the research, a quantitative method is determined as the basis for research, and path analysis as an analytical tool. The research object is Hotel Sari Kuring Indah, Cilegon City, the research subjects are employees, simple random sampling technique, and the number of respondents is 103. The results confirm that in the hotel industry employee performance in the form of service greatly impacts the interest of hotel visitors. In addition, the performance of hotel employees is greatly influenced by the level of discipline. However, the emergence of disciplined behavior will be formed if employees have high morale, both internally and externally.

Assessing Hotel Employee Knowledge on Risk Factors and Risk Management Procedures for Microbial Contamination of Hotel Water Distribution Systems.

Water management plans (WMPs), sometimes referred to as risk management plans (RMPs) or water safety plans (WSPs), are not mandatory for hotels in many countries of the world, including the US. As such, many hotel personnel are uninformed of WMPs and the precautions to take if their hotel water system is compromised. The purpose of this study was to identify hotel personnel’s knowledge and practices of WMPs through a survey incorporating the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data were collected from 59 hotels within Fulton County, Georgia, USA, through a questionnaire, and questions were developed tailored to the HBM. Significant associations were found between the perceived susceptibility of contracting a waterborne illness and WMP for hotel personnel as well as between cues to action and having a WMP in general linear models (p ≤ 0.05). The study concludes that many key personnel are not aware of WMPs. Many hotel facilities do not have a plan in place, and some facilities are unaware of a current plan is in place. The study findings provide insight into the importance of WMPs and the risk factors associated with microbial contamination in a hotel building’s plumbing system. Future research and potential law change should be emphasized to increase hotel employees’ and owner’s WMP knowledge.

PENERAPAN KONSEP ARSITEKTUR INDUSTRIAL PADA BANGUNAN HOTEL (STUDI KASUS: THE SOMOS HOTEL, KOLOMBIA)

Industrial development in a country usually contributes to its national economy. Tourism as an industrial sector also contributes to increasing foreign exchange for the country. A building that is closely related to the tourism industry is a hotel. In general, hotel buildings use a concept that prioritizes comfort factors, such as: natural colors, cozy, neat, and others. Apart from this habit, some hotels use industrial concepts that prioritize functional and efficient aspects, such as: the use of unfinishing materials and utilities that are left as they are so that it gives the impression of sacrificing the comfort aspects commonly applied to hotel buildings. Therefore, this study aims to find out how to apply industrial concepts that are suitable for hotel buildings. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The study uses a case study on the same building and concept. Because hotels that use this concept are rarely found in Indonesia, the case study used is The Somos Hotel in Colombia. From this research, the conclusion is that the application of industrial concepts cannot be applied to all rooms in the hotel. The industrial concept in hotel buildings uses geometric shapes and firm lines, natural colors and monochrome colors, honesty in the use of materials and exposure to utility systems in public spaces.

Investigation and analysis of energy and water use of hotel buildings in Tunisia

This study provides an overview of energy and water use in hotel buildings in Tunisia. It is based on a survey of energy audit reports performed on 137 hotels across the country. The results revealed that energy and water consumption are mainly related to room’s floor area, number of guest nights and number of food covers. The strength of the relationship depends on hotel standard. In addition, results showed a significant difference in energy and water use patterns between hotel standard’s, suggesting that 5-star hotel establishments have to be handled apart. Furthermore, the breakdown of electricity uses indicated that water chiller plants account for 29%, elevators, pumps, water-boost for 28% and lighting for 17%. Whereas the breakdown of thermal uses demonstrated the importance of space heating and domestic hot water accounting for the two-thirds of the total fuel use. On the other hand, energy and water performance indicators vary greatly from one standard to another and are extremely high in comparison to other Mediterranean countries. Finally, recommendations were put forward regarding the definition of energy/water performance benchmarks and retrofit solutions for hotel buildings in Tunisia.

Total Productive Maintenance Approach to an Increase of the Energy Efficiency of a Hotel Facility and Mitigation of Water Consumption

Increasing greenhouse gas emissions and more and more restrictive European Union regulations necessitate the reduction of energy demand in buildings, including hotels. A more economical way of managing and operating a facility may lead to competitive advantage and a reduction in the negative impact on the environment. This study indicated that the hotel facility wastes significant amounts of water and energy, and the main sources of losses were determined. The design assumption was to achieve savings by introducing technical improvements in the most energy and water-consuming areas. The modification consisted of replacing some of the lighting, fittings, and ventilation. The results of the achieved water and energy savings were compared with the consumption recorded in 2019. The very satisfactory final results were obtained, showing savings about 20% higher than assumed by the hotel management. Taking into account the replacement of lighting in staircases and underground garages, in addition to the replacement of ventilation in the hotel building, the maximum possible daily saving due to the changes mentioned is estimated at approximately 68% for lighting and ventilation.

Using the modified mayfly algorithm for optimizing the component size and operation strategy of a high temperature PEMFC-powered CCHP

A CCHP is modeled here, which is operated based on thermal energy provision because the target consumer demands more heat and cooling than electricity. The main components of the CCHP system are a PEMFC as the main generator, absorption chiller, electric chiller, and auxiliary boiler. The fuel consumption, cost, and carbon release improvements compared to a separated generation system (SGS) are maximized in this system using the proposed modified mayfly algorithm. The system design and operation are optimized in two different stages. A hotel building has been chosen as the case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CCHP system and optimization in comparison to the traditional mayfly algorithm (MA) and genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed optimization algorithm has performed 8.15% and 10.06% better compared to MA and GA, respectively. It also reached its solution in far shorter time. The optimum size of PEMDC and share of auxiliary chiller (AC) in cooling provision is determined to be 548 kW and 43.1%, respectively. It is shown that improvement achieved by using the AC in the CCHP is increased by 23.21% compared to a CCHP without one. Furthermore, the AC make the improvement of CCHP more constant and robust to load variation. Moreover, the sensitivity of the optimum operation condition of the CCHP against the electricity and fuel price changes and share of the AC in supplying the cooling demand are studied to provide the system operators with the necessary tools needed to optimally handle price changes.

Cost-optimal energy performance calculations of a new nZEB hotel building using dynamic simulations and optimization algorithms

This paper presents the procedure for conducting cost-optimal energy performance calculations for a new nearly zero energy hotel building in Croatia in the context of Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010/31/EU. For this purpose, dynamic simulation models of building and its technical systems were developed in IDA ICE simulating tool and coupled with GenOpt optimization software.Annual energy performance of the building is assessed by running hourly simulations. Energy, equipment and installation works costs were obtained by the open market analysis. After that, the global cost function was derived, and optimization performed to minimize the costs. The results show that the preferred heat source at the cost-optimal level of the building energy performance is air-to-water heat pump coupled with gas condensing boiler. Furthermore, an analysis of thermal comfort is provided to demonstrate the use of the proposed approach in preventing system oversizing, efficiency decrease and thermal comfort deterioration. At the end, energy performance calculations obtained by IDA ICE were compared to those obtained by the widely used EN 13790 and EN 15316 series of standards used for determining energy performance of buildings for legal purposes. Based on this, the recorded discrepancies in results are analysed and applicability of mentioned standards calculations on low-energy buildings is discussed.

Energy Efficiency Indicators for Hotel Buildings

Hotels are energy-intensive buildings; therefore, in this study, we investigate the indicators used for measuring the energy efficiency of one- to five-star hotels, in temperate and tropical regions of Asia, Europe, and Africa. There are several indicators for measuring energy intensity, but we found that the “total average annual energy use intensity index”, measured in kilowatt-hours per square meter per year (kWh/m2 year), was most often used. Surveys and energy audits are the methods used most often to collect the indicator data. Hotels in the tropics tend to consume more energy than those located in temperate zones, with four- and five-star hotels consuming the most energy.

Robust multi-objective optimization with life cycle assessment of hybrid solar combined cooling, heating and power system

Hybridization of solar energy technologies results in varieties of inherent characteristics of natural gas combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system. This work aims to propose a life cycle assessment-based robust multi-objective optimization model of hybrid solar-assisted CCHP system, which is driven by the complementarities of photovoltaic/thermal collectors and gas turbine. The environmental impact potentials including global warming, respiratory effect and acidification of hybrid system are assessed according to life cycle energy and emission inventory analysis. The optimal plan of hybrid system, using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II, is implemented to minimize these environmental impacts, in which the robustness is incorporated as part of the search process of genetic algorithm. The sensitivity analysis of candidate Pareto solutions by transferring to linear programming sub-problem drives to the selection of new solutions with robustness requirements. A case study in a hotel building was presented to demonstrate the proposed optimization method. The key uncertain factors on optimization and system performances are discussed. The comparisons of partially and fully covered photovoltaic/thermal collectors indicate that the partially covered collectors lower the impacts of respiratory effect and acidification by 28.4% and 6.7%, respectively, by optimizing system configurations and energy compositions, and the optimum partially covered collectors with CCHP system is more cost-effective and feasible.

Seismic Demand Analysis of Stacked Box Structure in Battery Storage Power Station

The modular construction of building manufactures most part of a building in factories and assemblies the modular units in construction site. It reduces the construction period and has less impact on the environment. The self-supported modular building has been adopted in hotel buildings, hospital buildings and school buildings, et al.. However, due to relatively short history of application, the modular construction has not beenwidely used in multi-storeys industry building. This paper proposed the application of modular structure in electrical installations. In current practice, theenergy storage station installs dozens of modular battery container on ground. When these container boxes are stacked together to form multi-storey structure, land occupation can be significantly reduced. On the other hand, this building manner will make the structural more vulnerable in earthquake. This paper investigated the performance of the structure during earthquakes and found that increasing the structural rigidity under lateral load was necessary. The analysis result also provided suggestion on the shear demand of inter modular connector.

Global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the levelised cost of storage (LCOS) for solar-PV-powered cooling

In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of the parameters affecting the levelised cost of storage (LCOS) of Lithium ion (Li-Ion) battery storage and chilled water storage for on-grid PV-powered cooling applications, namely an office and a hotel building. Therefore, we carry out multi-objective optimisations to minimise the LCOS and maximise the self-sufficiency based on TRNSYS simulation models. For selected optimal solutions, we perform Morris and Sobol global sensitivity as well as uncertainty analyses. The results show that the chilled water storage yields up to 8 ctUSD/kWhel lower LCOS than the battery storage at the same self-sufficiency; however, the battery storage can increase the self-sufficiency more. The dominant parameter affecting the LCOS is the storage lifetime for the battery. Careful design of the dedicated chiller plant to charge the storage is important for the system configuration with chilled water storage. Because of the wide range of possible battery lifetimes, the 90% confidence interval for the LCOS of battery storage is 2.6 times larger than the one for chilled water storage given the input parameter ranges in this study. The future trend indicates that battery storage is expected to become more competitive due to technological advancements and favourable price developments.

Profitability analysis of dual installations in selected European countries

The most important goal of every water distribution system is to deliver water to the consumers in the demand and time determined by its users. However, not all water usages require the potable water quality. One of the technical solutions enabling water recycling and its reuse is a dual installation system. Dual installations recycle rain wastewater or grey water from bathtubs, showers and sinks and further reuse it for irrigation or toilet flushing. The profitability of a dual installation system is highly dependent on the water price, which tends to vary significantly according to the location. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the profitability of dual installation systems in exemplary hotel building hypothetically located in 10 different European countries. The profitability was determined on the basis of multi-criteria decision analysis performed for two installation variants. The investment was evaluated in terms of technical, economic and environmental aspects. As a result, the selected countries were ranked in order of the most profitable location for dual installation system’s investment.

Integrated performance analysis of a space heating system assisted by photovoltaic/thermal collectors and ground source heat pump for hotel and office building types

Utilizing the solar and geothermal energy in space heating systems can save fossil fuels and reduce emissions. In this study, compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) photovoltaic/thermal collectors (PV/T), absorption and ground source heat pumps are integrated to a novel space heating system for use in hotel and office buildings. A full simulation model of the system is constructed and validated by using the Engineering Equation Solver software. The heating system is analyzed against its energy, environmental, economic, and flexibility performance using multiple variables including the PV coverage ratio, ambient temperature, solar beam irradiance, and electricity price. The results show that integrating solar and geothermal energy can be effective to supplement the space heating demand. The best integrated performance point of the office building gives a 32% energy saving ratio, 9% annual cost savings ratio, 23% emission reduction ratio, and 67% excess adjustable ratio compared to a pure ground heat pump system. This research provides new directions of integrated performance evaluation of heating systems assisted by renewable energy resources.

Hybrid Chiller Plant Optimization Strategies for Hotel Building on Nile River of Egypt

Hybrid chiller plants (HCPs) using multiple chillers and different energy sources are highly recommended in several energy applications in non-residential buildings such as hospitals and hotels. Time of use and cooling load profiles are significant factors that should be carefully considered either in chiller plant design or in chiller sequencing operation. This article aims to present an operation planning of HCP which consists of both electric and non-electric chillers. Four operational strategies are proposed and solved to compare their coefficients of performance and economics of running costs. A typical hotel building located on the Nile river in Egypt is selected to perform the current thermal and economic case study. The total cooling load profile of this hotel building is 4000 refrigeration tonnage (TR), which is simulated to optimize chiller sequence of operation and to select optimal design conditions of both numbers for electric and non-electric chillers used in HCP. The results of this comparative study for running cost are defined using various design configurations with different several chiller sequences available for each configuration. Then, the results of COPs, and operational running cost and initial cost are presented in this article also. The comparison aims to find the optimal design and operational sequencing for HCPs on thermal basis and economic analysis which were attached in this article. Recommendations and suggestions for future work are attached at the end of this article.