Hot Spring Resources Research Articles

GIS-based AHP model for selecting the best direct use scenarios for medium to low enthalpy geothermal resources with hot springs in central and Western Kenya

Medium to low enthalpy geothermal resources (MLEGRs) in various Eastern African countries, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Malawi, have received little attention from policymakers in the energy sector. Policymakers from these countries prioritize developing high-enthalpy resources for electric power production. Hence, many MLEGRs remain unused since they are assumed to pose higher risks of drilling unproductive deep wells. Besides, funding institutions prioritize high-enthalpy geothermal resources. Some MLEGRs have warm-to-hot springs with considerable flow rates and chemical constituents with varying concentrations. This study introduces a novel approach, using hydrogeochemical analysis of hot spring waters and a GIS-based AHP model, to select the best direct use scenarios for the warm/hot springs emanating from MLEGRs in central and western Kenya. The model is validated by contemporary commercial usage of the hot springs and similar studies in the study area. The stable isotope analysis revealed that the hydrothermal systems in Kenya are majorly recharged by meteoric water. In contrast, Kenya Rift Valley endorheic lakes, such as Lake Naivasha, Lake Nakuru, Lake Magadi, Lake Baringo, Lake Bogoria, and Lake Turkana, partly recharge some. Hence, they pose low risks of drying up during development and exploitation for thermal energy. The over 150 hot springs in Kenya produce warm to hot water with a thermal capacity of over 275 MWt. Hence, by harnessing the hot spring resources, Kenya can raise its direct use capacity from the current 18.5 MWt to about 100–200 MWt without drilling shallow or deep wells. The hot springs best suited for domestic use and aquacultural pond heating were selected as Narosura, Majimoto, Olchorro, Kipsegon, Kijabe, and Eburru. Those best suited for spas, bathing/ swimming pools, and volcanic geotourism were Lake Bogoria, Arus, Homa Hills, and Kariandusi. Overall, Lake Bogoria, Homa Hills, and Narosura hot springs were rated the best for direct use of hot springs.

A Model and Its Application of Quantitative Evaluation for Exploitable Value of Hot Spring Landscape Resources

The accurate and objective quantitative evaluation of hot spring landscape resources is helpful to understand the value of the resources, has great practical significance for their protection, exploitation, and utilization, and is also an important basis for the exploitation and planning of the hot spring resources. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this study expounded the research status and significance of the exploitation of spring landscape resources, elaborated the development, background, current status, and future challenges of the quantitative evaluation of landscape resources’ exploitable value, introduced the methods and principles of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy synthesis process, formulated the evaluation index scoring standards for the exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources, analyzed the grading standard of comprehensive evaluation value, conducted the process analysis of quantitative evaluation of the exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources, established the evaluation index system of the exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources, determined evaluation index weight coefficient, constructed a quantitative evaluation model of the exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources, and finally carried out a case application and its result analysis by taking Chicheng Hot Spring in Chicheng County, Hebei Province, northern China as an example. The study results show that the three categories of factor weights in the subobjective layer of comprehensive evaluation system of hot spring landscape resources are landscape resource quality, environmental conditions, and resource exploitation and construction conditions. The purpose of quantitative evaluation of hot spring landscape resources is to use mathematical methods to quantify the fuzzy attributes of landscape resources so that some vague evaluations become relatively accurate, thereby improving the objectivity and reliability of evaluation results. Therefore, the establishment of a tourism preference index based on the hot spring tourism market and the subjective will of tourists as the evaluation standard has played a role in market restrictions, combining the evaluation of hot spring tourism resources with the dynamics and trends of the hot spring tourism market, and establishing comprehensive evaluation system of hot spring landscape resources. Those results of this study are expected to provide a reference for further research on the quantitative evaluation model for exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources.

Methodology for Nexus Approach Toward Sustainable Use of Geothermal Hot Spring Resources

This study has developed a methodology for the nexus approach by integrating interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary concepts and qualitative and quantitative mixed methods into the process of the systems thinking approach. The nexus approach was institutionalized in two projects using the location specific case study of Beppu, Japan where a set of interconnected issues in using geothermal hot spring resources have emerged due to the promotion of geothermal energy development under low-carbon policies at global and national levels. The interlinkages among geothermal hot spring resources, including heat, steam, nutrients, and drainage between land and coastal systems were analyzed to improve decision- and policy-making. This study discusses (1) how different discipline-oriented methods and data are integrated, (2) how much of the targeted water-energy-food nexus systems are understood using the nexus approach, and (3) how far does the nexus approach influence changes in the policy agenda and human behavior regarding sustainable geothermal hot spring resources use. The nexus approach facilitated the sequential integration of individual methods and data to better explain the causal linkages focusing on water-energy-food resources in the human-nature systems in Beppu. The proposed policy recommendations are based on the local government initiative for continuing to conduct citizen participatory surveys on geothermal hot spring resources. Transferring the developed methodology will help to effectively develop geothermal hot spring resources and compliment the current national renewable energy and natural resource policies and management.

Short-Term Variation and Discharge Mechanism of the Futamata Hot Spring Estimated by Continuous Monitoring Data

Japan has abundant hot spring resources, which, if used appropriately, could contribute to CO2 emission reduction and socioeconomic development. Thus, for the appropriate use of hot spring resources, it is necessary to estimate the detailed discharge mechanism and its surrounding hydraulic characteristics. In our study, a hot spring monitoring device was developed and installed in the Futamata hot spring to evaluate its discharge mechanism. Comparison between the measured values of the monitoring device and the amount of precipitation indicated that this hot spring shows two types of water quality change trends depending on the intensity of precipitation. However, this was a short-term variation that could not be detected by conventional methods. To address this limitation, we created a new discharge mechanism model for the Futamata hot spring based on these observations, which allowed for the continuous observation of hot spring water using a monitoring device and was effective in detecting short-term variations. As such observations contribute to estimating the hydraulic structure around the hot spring, they are important for appropriate use of hot spring resources.

Very Local Subsidence Near the Hot Spring Region in Hakone Volcano, Japan, Inferred from InSAR Time Series Analysis of ALOS/PALSAR Data

Monitoring of surface displacement by satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis is an effective method for detecting land subsidence in areas where routes of leveling measurements are undeveloped, such as mountainous areas. In particular, InSAR-based monitoring around well-developed hot spring resorts, such as those in Japan, is useful for conserving hot spring resources. Hakone Volcano is one of the major hot spring resorts in Japan, and many hot spring wells have been developed in the Owakudani fumarole area, where a small phreatic eruption occurred in 2015. In this study, we performed an InSAR time series analysis using the small baseline subset (SBAS) method and ALOS/PALSAR scenes of the Hakone Volcano to monitor surface displacements around the volcano. The results of the SBAS-InSAR time series analysis show highly localized subsidence to the west of Owakudani from 2006–2011 when the ALOS/PALSAR satellite was operated. The area of subsidence was approximately 500 m in diameter, and the peak rate of subsidence was approximately 25 mm/year. Modeling using a point pressure source suggested that the subsidence was caused by a contraction at approximately 700 m above sea level (about 300 m below the ground surface). The rate of this contraction was estimated to be 1.04 × 104 m3/year. Hot spring water is collected from a nearby well at almost the same depth as the contraction source, and its main dissolved ion component is chloride ions, suggesting that the hydrothermal fluids are supplied from deep within the volcano. The land subsidence suggests that the fumarole activity is attenuating due to a decrease in the supply of hydrothermal fluids from deeper areas.

Application research of intelligent monitoring system of longsheng hot spring water temperature based on Internet of Things

Guangxi Guilin area, China, is rich in hot spring resources. In this paper, a hot spring water temperature monitoring system is developed for longsheng hot springs. Mainly using the hot water of eye of hot springs as the heat source, designing a set of multi-point temperature monitoring system with single-chip and multi-slave as the core of the single-chip microcomputer and wireless and bi-directional transmission for the main station and multiple slave stations to realize automatic temperature monitoring. The system slave station can exchange geothermal water with high temperature extracted from the eye of hot springs and cold water, and automatically control the temperature of the hot spring pool to reach a set value range by controlling the flow rate of the cold water. At the same time, the main station can complete the tasks of monitoring system by setting control commands such as temperature.

Research on the Development and Innovation of Heyuan Hot Spring Tourism Resources under the View of “Hot Spring+”

Hot spring resource is not only a kind of renewable clean energy, but also a kind of exploitable tourism resource with high value. With the integration of hot spring tourism and agriculture, forestry, culture, sports and other industries, the development of “hot spring” multi-industry chain is conducive to the effective development of hot spring resources and the sustainable development of hot spring tourism. Heyuan is one of the prefectures with the most abundant hot spring resources in Guangdong Province, which has the reputation of “hot spring capital”. Based on the view of multi-industry integration of “hot spring”, this paper analyzes the development and management status of five representative hot spring resources in Heyuan.At the same time, this paper discusses the sustainable development mode of Heyuan hot spring resources under the background of “Hot Spring+”.

Underground Behavior and Reservation of Hot Spring Resources Contribute to Their Preservation and Utilization

Underground Behavior and Reservation of Hot Spring Resources Contribute to Their Preservation and Utilization

Legal System and Measures for Conservation of Hot Spring Resources in Japan

Legal System and Measures for Conservation of Hot Spring Resources in Japan

A generalization of the hot spring resources evaluation technology

A generalization of the hot spring resources evaluation technology

The research of spatial - temporal evolution and satisfaction factors in integrated hot spring resorts

ABSTRACTAs the “hot topic” of tourism and leisure activities, hot springs are gradually becoming the development direction in integrated resorts. Compared with other regions in central China, Henan has unique conditions of hot spring resources, but relevant industries have developed slowly due to their development time limes and mode. In this paper, the spatial & temporal distribution of resources, star ratings, themes and the influence of new media use are discussed, based on the temporal and spatial evolution of integrated hot spring resorts in Henan province from 1993 to 2014. The satisfaction factors of resort customers were analyzed through empirical investigation. The results show that there are five key satisfaction factors; namely, the quality of hot springs and service regime, the sightseeing & leisure environment, business services, catering services, and sport and recreation opportunities. In the end, appropriate measures for sustainable development of the integrated hot spring resorts in Henan...

3-2．温泉資源の活用による健康づくりと地域活性化—三重県における温泉科学的側面からの支援とソーシャルキャピタル—

3-2．温泉資源の活用による健康づくりと地域活性化—三重県における温泉科学的側面からの支援とソーシャルキャピタル—

Does Tourism Development Bring Positive Benefit to Indigenous Tribe? Case by Dongpu in Taiwan

In digenous tourism in Taiwan in recent years has become a favorite way to in - depth travel, but in this development process, whether it is for the tribe to bring positive benefits? In this study, Dongpu tribe as object located at Nantou County, Taiwan, qualit ative research method for analysis. After analysis, this study has the following findings: From the research development of the Dongpu tribe hot spring resources, because the Government was used powerful development for Hans enterprises to enter directly, indigenous was unable to resist the Government, resulting in the tribal culture ceased to exist, to return to the previous tribal life environment has been very difficult. Highlight any tribal tourism development, require participation and programming of i ndigenous, and the Government's position should be on assistance and counseling role. Tribal tourism, however, is not always a negative impact, in terms of positive impact, but also infrastructure improvements in the area of Government pay more attention t o indigenous rights. The findings in this study not only provide government with recommendations for the development of indigenous tourism, but also serve as references for relevant future research.

The Water as one Wishes, Ecological Flower Town - Chun Lei Town Concept Planning in Daqing City

This paper used “3S+3L+AVC” tourist town development concepts framework, it imported the beautiful natural waterfront landscape features, unique ecological agriculture condition, natural geothermal hot spring resources and convenient transportation advantage into the small tourism town design. By the analysis of town features, project position, the key design points, it described the theory application in Chun Lei town concept planning from slow system, ecological planning and commercial walk street design three aspects.

The Decision-Making Model of Customers’ Choosing Hot Spring Resorts

This paper aimed at the rich hot spring resources and relevant industries were regarded as one major domain worth further developing in Taiwan. But under the current situation adversely affected by economic downturn and diverse customers’ need, how to survival in a market with extremely intense competition, while maintaining high profits, high lodging rate and high visiting rate, are the most essential challenge facing numerous hot spring hotels operators and other relevant trades. Apart from collecting related literature of hot spring hotel and conducting in-depth analyses and induction, this study employs Delphi Method for expert interview. The decision-making model of customers’ choosing hot spring hotel is established, the 6 major criteria are further divided into 19 indicators, for constructing the integral valuation model of this study, followed by issuing questionnaire of expert weigh of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with the aim to integrate and calculate the important relations between criteria and indicators. The results of this study are expected to be used by relevant trades as reference for future operation.

보양온천을 활용한 온천산업 활성화에 관한 연구

본 논문은 위기에 빠진 국내 온천관광에 대한 구체적인 회생책을 찾고 더불어 범국가적 문제로 부각되고 있는 국민건강증진과 여가활용, 사회노령화 문제의 해결을 위한 것이다. 본 논문에서 저자는 위와 같은 문제들을 해결하기 위해서 보양관광 온천지역 조성을 제시한다. 저자는 또한 여행자들을 위한 최고의 보양온천 장소로 아산온천지역을 제안하고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문은 아산온천지역이 한국의 경제발전에 기여할 것이라고 소개하고 있다. 아산온천지역의 온천자원개발을 통해서 더욱 더 많은 이익을 창출해내고, 국가 이미지 향상에 기여할 것이다. This paper is to suggest a concrete way about imperiled domestic hot spring tourism and then provide some ideas to solve the problems related to public health promotion, aging society. In this paper, the author proposes the healthy tourism formation to solve such above problems. The author also proposes Asan Hot spring areas as the most healthy places for tourists. Therefore, this paper introduces that Asan Hot Spring Areas will contribute to the economic development in Korea. There will contribute to improve the nation's image and produce much more benefits by hot spring resources develop of the A-San springs area.

Evaluation of The Existing State of Geothermal Exploration and Development in Nigeria

Relatively little expenditure for hydroelectricity and fossil fuels have had a restraining influence on levels of exploration and development for geothermal energy resources in Nigeria for the past several years. The focus of development has been in the areas of low temperature geothermal energy involving the exploration and assessment of hot spring resources primarily for recreational applications – although possibly for other direct uses depending on local infrastructure and access to appropriate energy markets. The geological structure of Nigeria influences geothermal exploration extent within each geological province. Sedimentary basins in Nigeria have been explored for hydrocarbons for several decades, thus the oil companies collected large subsurface temperature data basis. But not much is known about geothermal conditions within Nigerian Precambrian crystalline province. On the basis of BHT data from oil wells it has been found that geothermal gradient in Niger Delta ranges from 1.5 to 4.9°C/100m and in Anambra Basin (directly to the north) it can reach 5.7°C/100m. Exploration for geothermal energy in northern Nigeria based on shallow water wells (down to 600 m deep) was carried out over 20 years ago. The other aspect of geothermal exploration in Nigeria is investigating of the thermal springs and seepages, which occur mainly within sediments of the Middle and Upper Benue Trough. The water of the warmest springs in that area: Akiri and Ruwan Zafi have the temperature about 56°C and it suggests the occurrence of some geothermal anomalies. So far, there are probably only three (direct) geothermal energy utilisation sites in Nigeria. The Ikogosi warm spring (37°C) located in south-western part of the country, in Ekiti state, the Wikki warm spring (39°C) located in Bauchi (North-eastern) part of Nigeria and the Rafin Rewa spring (42°C) located in Plateau (North-central) state of Nigeria. Hence this paper reviews the current status of the geothermal industry (both high and low temperature) in Nigeria.

Hot Spring Resources and Utilization in Shizuoka Prefecture

Hot Spring Resources and Utilization in Shizuoka Prefecture

ChemInform Abstract: The Deterioration of Hot Spring Resources and the Change of Chemical Constituents with the Development of Spa

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

The deterioration of hot spring resources and the change of chemical constituents with the development of spa

General aspects of the deterioration and typical examples in some hot springs (Atami, Shirahama, Isawa.Kasugai, and Syuzenji Hot Springs) are outlined in this report in connection with the change of chemical constituents. (1) Deterioration of thermal spring resources generally occurs accompanied with the following phenomena: a) drawdown of the water level in thermal water wells. b) lowering of temperature of thermal springs. c) change of the water quality (salt water encroachment in the coastal region and decrease in concentration of chemical components resulting from the intrusion of underground water in the inland area). (2) Typical examples of the deterioration are summarized as follows; [table: see text] (3) It has been revealed from the analyses of the statistical data of Environment Agency that the deterioration of hot spring resources in Japan is gradually progressing.