Abstract
Japan has abundant hot spring resources, which, if used appropriately, could contribute to CO2 emission reduction and socioeconomic development. Thus, for the appropriate use of hot spring resources, it is necessary to estimate the detailed discharge mechanism and its surrounding hydraulic characteristics. In our study, a hot spring monitoring device was developed and installed in the Futamata hot spring to evaluate its discharge mechanism. Comparison between the measured values of the monitoring device and the amount of precipitation indicated that this hot spring shows two types of water quality change trends depending on the intensity of precipitation. However, this was a short-term variation that could not be detected by conventional methods. To address this limitation, we created a new discharge mechanism model for the Futamata hot spring based on these observations, which allowed for the continuous observation of hot spring water using a monitoring device and was effective in detecting short-term variations. As such observations contribute to estimating the hydraulic structure around the hot spring, they are important for appropriate use of hot spring resources.
Highlights
The Paris Agreement was adopted with the agreement of all participating countries at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (COP21) held in 2015
A hot spring monitoring device [11] was installed in the pipeline of the Futamata hot spring (Figure 1b) and data were acquired at 1-min intervals from 1 August 2018 to 31
A hot spring monitoring device was installed in the pipeline of the Futamata hot spring, and data were acquired over one year and five months
Summary
The Paris Agreement was adopted with the agreement of all participating countries at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (COP21) held in 2015. The Paris Agreement is an international framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions after 2020. In Japan, the aim is advocated of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 26.0% by 2030 (compared with those in 2013) and expanding the use of renewable energy with low CO2 emissions is promoted [1]. The amount of energy per year is approximately 999,000 GWh from the estimated potential of 8.33 GW, calculated according to the method of the Ministry of the Environment, 2019a [4]. The amount of CO2 emitted per year is approximately 250 million tCO2 when the same amount of energy is generated with an oil-fired boiler (CO2 emission factor is 0.0693; Ministry of the Environment, 2019b [5]).
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