Hot Spot Effect Research Articles

The color/shape/flavor of yam gel with double emulsified microcapsules changed synchronously in 4D printing induced by microwave

The feasibility of 3D printing the color, aroma and shape changes of yam gel with microwave heating as stimulus and soybean protein isolate-chitosan-maltodextrin complex coacervated microcapsules rich in water-soluble betacyanin and rose essence as stimulus-response materials was discussed. The morphology of microcapsules presented irregular spherical structure, and the surface was relatively smooth and slightly concave. Microwave heating led to the gradual destruction of microcapsules in yam gel, releasing internal pigments and essence, and enhancing the redness and flavor of printed samples. The release of the water phase and oil phase of the microcapsules and the hot-spot expansion effect of the models made the 3D printed bird models bend and deform, realizing the deformation effect of “spreading of wings”, which realized a three-response synchronous change in color, shape, and flavor of the printed samples within 45 s. In this study, a variety of 4D printed foods with synchronous changes in sensory characteristics were created, which increased sensory enjoyment on the basis of ensuring the nutritional needs of food.

Target-induced hot spot construction for sensitive and selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9

Studies have found that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a significant role in cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and tumor growth. But it is a challenge to go for highly sensitive and selective detection and targeting of MMP-9 due to the similar structure and function of the MMP proteins family. Herein, a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing strategy was developed based on the aptamer-induced SERS “hot spot” formation for the extremely sensitive and selective determination of MMP-9. To develop the nanosensor, one group of gold nanospheres was modified with MMP-9 aptamer and its complementary strand DNA1, while DNA2 (complementary to DNA1) and the probe molecule 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were grafted on the surface of the other group of gold nanospheres. In the absence of MMP-9, DTNB located on the 13-nm gold nanospheres has only generated a very weak SERS signal. However, when MMP-9 is present, the aptamer preferentially binds to the MMP-9 to construct MMP-9–aptamer complex. The bare DNA1 can recognize and bind to DNA2, which causes them to move in close proximity and create a SERS hot spot effect. Due to this action, the SERS signal of DTNB located at the nanoparticle gap is greatly enhanced, achieving highly sensitive detection of MMP-9. Since the hot spot effect is caused by the aptamer that specifically recognizes MMP-9, the approach exhibits excellent selectivity for MMP-9 detection. Based on the benefits of both high sensitivity and excellent selectivity, this method was used to distinguish the difference in MMP-9 levels between normal and cancer cells as well as the expression of MMP-9 from cancer cells with different degrees of metastasis. In addition, this strategy can accurately reflect the dynamic changes in intracellular MMP-9 levels, stimulated by the MMP-9 activator and inhibitor. This strategy is expected to be transformed into a new technique for diagnosis of specific cancers related to MMP-9 and assessing the extent of cancer occurrence, development and metastasis.Graphical

Modeling the hotspot effect for vegetation canopies based on path length distribution

The hotspot effect, which refers to the increased reflectance in the solar direction, relies on the canopy structure. Numerous bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models have been developed with careful attention to the hotspot effect. However, different assumptions may lead to very different shapes of BRDF, especially in the hotspot direction. With the development of high-resolution remote sensing satellites and three-dimensional (3D) mapping technologies, abundant 3D structural vegetation canopy information is available. However, traditional analytical models might not fully use these kinds of information. As a result, most of them are still very limited by their assumptions, such as the shape and spatial distribution of crowns. One BRDF model may do well only for one vegetation type and shows significant errors under other scenarios. We propose a new model named PATH_RT, which can model the hotspot effect at both the leaf and crown levels using the path length distribution (PLD). PLD can be easily obtained with the 3D information of the canopy at given remote sensing geometries. We validated the bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) predicted by the PATH_RT model with the simulated scenes and field measurements which were produced by a 3D radiative transfer model LESS and UAV observations respectively. Compared to traditional analytical models SAILH, 4SAIL2, GORT, and 5SCALE, the PATH_RT model exhibits the highest accuracy, reducing the average RMSE by 86%, 66%, 52%, and 58% for the hotspot region respectively. PATH_RT accurately depicts the hotspot effects at the canopy and leaf levels and is highly efficient (99%, 75%, 86%, 99%, and 99% less time spent for one repeat run compared to LESS, SAILH, 4SAIL2, GORT, and 5SCALE models, respectively). Considering its high accuracy and efficiency, PATH_RT is expected to improve the accuracy and efficiency of remote sensing inversion.

Highly sensitive and selective SERS detection of caspase-3 during cell apoptosis based on the target-induced hotspot effect.

Caspase-3 is an important biomarker for the process of apoptosis, which is a key target for cancer treatment. Due to its low concentration in single cells and the structural similarity of caspase family proteins, it is exceedingly challenging to accurately determine the intracellular caspase-3 during apoptosis in situ. Herein, a biosensing strategy based on the target-induced SERS "hot spot" formation has been developed for the simultaneous highly sensitive and selective detection of intracellular caspase-3 level. The nanosensor is composed of gold nanoparticles modified with the probe molecule 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) and a peptide chain. The well-designed peptide chain contains two distinct functional domains, one with a sulfhydryl group for bonding to the gold nanoparticles and the other a fragment specifically recognized by caspase-3. When caspase-3 is present, the negatively charged segment (NH2-Asp-Asp-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-OH) of the peptide chain is specifically hydrolyzed, leaving a positively charged fragment coated on the surface of the gold nanoparticles. At this time, the golden nanoparticles undergo significant coupling aggregation due to the electrostatic interaction, resulting in a large number of SERS "hot spot" formation. The SERS signal of the 4-MPBA located at the nano-gap is significantly boosted because of the local plasma enhancement effect. The highly sensitive determination of caspase-3 can be achieved according to the altered SERS signal intensity of 4-MPBA. The turn-on of the SERS signal-induced target contributes to the excellent selectivity and the formation of the SERS "hot spot" effect that further improves the sensitivity of caspase-3 detection. The advantages of this biosensing technique allow for the precise in situ monitoring of the dynamic changes in caspase-3 levels during apoptosis. In addition, the differences in caspase-3 levels during the apoptosis of various cell types were compared. Monitoring the caspase-3 levels can be used to track the cellular apoptosis process, evaluate the effect of drugs on cancer cells in real time, and provide guidance for the selection of the appropriate drug dosage.

Flexible nanohybrid substrates utilizing gold nanocubes/nano mica platelets with 3D lightning-rod effect for highly efficient bacterial biosensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

In this study, gold nanocubes (AuNCs) were quickly synthesized using the seed-mediated growth method and reduced onto the surface of two-dimensional (2D) delaminated nano mica platelets (NMPs), enabling the development of AuNCs/NMPs nanohybrids with a 3D lightning-rod effect. First, the growth-solution amount can be changed to easily adjust the AuNCs average-particle size within a range of 30-70 nm. The use of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as a protective agent allowed the surface of AuNCs and nanohybrids to be positively charged. Positively charged nanohybrid surfaces presented a good adsorption effect for detecting molecules with negative charges on the surface. Additionally, the NMP surfaces were rich in ionic charges and provided a large specific surface area for stabilizing the growth of AuNCs. Delaminated AuNCs/NMPs nanohybrids can generate a 3D hotspot effect through self-assembly to enhance the Raman signal. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is highly sensitive in detecting adenine biomolecules. Its limit of detection (LOD) and Raman enhancement factor reached 10-9 M and 3.6 × 108, respectively. Excellent reproducibility was obtained owing to the relatively regular arrangement of AuNC particles, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 10.7%. Finally, the surface of NMPs was modified by adding the hydrophilic poly(oxyethylene)-diamine (POE2000) and amphiphilic PIB-POE-PIB copolymer at different weight ratios. The adjustment of the surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of AuNCs/NMPs nanohybrids led to better adsorption and selectivity for bacteria. AuNCs/POE/NMPs and AuNCs/PIB-POE-PIB/NMPs were further applied to the SERS detection of hydrophilic Staphylococcus aureus and hydrophobic Escherichia coli, respectively. The SERS-detection results suggest that the LOD of hydrophilic Staphylococcus aureus and hydrophobic Escherichia coli reached 92 CFU mL-1 and 1.6 × 102 CFU mL-1, respectively. The AuNCs/POE/NMPs and AuNCs/PIB-POE-PIB/NMPs nanohybrids had different hydrophilic-hydrophobic affinities, which greatly improved the selectivity and sensitivity for detecting bacteria with different hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. Therefore, fast, highly selective, and highly sensitive SERS biological-detection results were obtained.

Analysis and testing of tread braked railway wheel — Effects of hot spots on wheel performance

To investigate the impact of localised heating phenomena in the form of hot spots on wheel performance in general and on wheel residual stress state in particular, a combination of experimental testing and finite element simulations of tread braked wheels has been performed. Using a newly established full-scale railway brake test rig, a wheel is exposed to prolonged drag braking applications at constant power levels to induce high temperatures on the wheel tread. The distribution and evolution of the temperature is studied using a high-speed, high-resolution thermographic camera in addition to traditional sliding thermocouples. Measured temperature data are then used in combination with a thermomechanically calibrated material model to simulate the wheel behaviour. For this purpose, a 3D finite element model representing a sector of a railway wheel is used. The experimental results show that the temperatures measured utilising sliding thermocouples provide insufficient information since they cannot resolve the uneven tread temperatures given typical response times. Non-uniform heating is found to have a significant effect on tensile residual stresses in the rim. Especially the case with global uneven temperatures is found to generate potentially hazardous residual stresses. The results presents future challenges for the analysis and development of the brake-wheel-rail system.

Ultrahigh sensitive SERS film of silver nanorods grown on nanohole array template by oblique angle deposition

To develop a highly sensitive silver nanorod (AgNR) array SERS film, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanohole array templates were employed as seed substrates for oblique angle deposition (O.A.D.) by thermal evaporation. By pore broadening process, precise hole arrays of various diameters were fabricated from preliminarily prepared nanoholes of 30 nm diameter comprising equilateral triangle unit cells whose side length is 100 nm. Aligned silver nanorods of ∼1 μm length were fabricated on the several kinds of seed templates. The optical properties of the AgNR films were measured using thiophenol self-assembled monolayers on the film surfaces and a micro-Raman spectrometer employing a 785 nm pump laser. Out of the AgNR array samples, the AgNR array deposited on an 80-nm hole array substrate showed the highest SERS activity. The highest surface enhancement factor (E.F.) of Raman signal measured in this experiment was ∼7·107, which is ∼7 times higher than that of the AgNR array fabricated on a flat substrate. The main role of the nanopore array substrate was found to decrease the density of the grown nanorods, which is the key parameter determining the E.F. values of the AgNR arrays. From this and previous works, the optimum nanorod density is anticipated to be 8–9 rods/μm2, where E.F. of > 109 could be obtained. The nanorod density of the optimum AgNR array in this experiment was ∼10/μm2. The origin of the key role conducted by the nanorod density cannot be explained by hot spot effect and waits for understanding in the future studies. The ultrahigh sensitive AgNR array SERS film obtained in this work can be a very powerful medium for various chemical and biological sensors.

Empowering photovoltaic power generation with edge computing: A recognition and location approach for hot spot

AbstractThe presented paper proposes a photovoltaic module hot spot detection algorithm based on YOLOv8‐BCB. The algorithm addresses issues such as component efficiency degradation and poor contact in long‐term operation of PV systems, with a focus on the hot spot effect’. To achieve rapid detection and localization of small targets in complex scenes, the algorithm incorporates the Weighted Bi‐directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) into YOLOv8. Additionally, a lightweight upsampling operator called Content‐Aware ReAssembly of FEatures (CARAFE) is used to reduce the detection load on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection system. The BiFormer attention mechanism is also integrated into the C2f module to better capture dependencies between sequences and reduce background interference. To highlight the superiority of the authors’ algorithm compared to other high‐quality algorithms, the authors conducted comparative experiments on the same dataset. The YOLOv8‐BCB algorithm surpasses the SSD, faster‐cnn, and RetinaNet algorithms in both accuracy and detection speed. It achieves a precision of 97.1% and a recall rate of 94.9%, with an FPS of 110. The result is a target detection algorithm that is both fast and accurate.

Construction of the fiber optic LSPR sensor for highly sensitive detection of miR-103 by a dual signal enhancement strategy based on the hot-spot effect and HexSG4 catalysis

MicroRNAs are important tumor biomarkers. How to effectively detect them by sensors is a challenge because of their extremely low concentrations. We proposed a dual signal enhancement strategy to develop the fiber optic (FO) localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor for the highly sensitive detection of miR-103. It included two stages, one was to obtain the hot-spot by constructing the multimer structure, AuNP-spacer- AuNPs, and another was the combination of capturing miR-103 by the probe and catalytic amplification by Hexagonal star G-quadruplex catalyzing 4-chloro-1-naphthol to generate benzo-4-chlorohexadienone, which deposited on the AuNPs, resulting in the generation of LSPR peak redshift. The parameters of the preparation and detection application were systematically optimized. The redshift values had a good linear relationship with the logarithms of miR-103 concentrations, with high R2 0.9973, wide detection range 102 - 107 fM, and low LOD 6.4 fM. The method had high specificity, repeatability, and reproducibility, and was also successfully validated with real samples. Therefore, the dual signal strategy for constructing FO LSPR sensors can achieve the high sensitivity detection of extremely low concentration of MicroRNAs, which will have great application prospects in medicine and life science.

Analysis of Cold/Hot Spot Effect in Flight Test Heat Flux Measurement

In model flight tests, the cold/hot spot effect often occurs due to the difference in thermal response between the heat flux sensor and surrounding thermal protection materials, which affects the heat flux measurement. In severe cases, the measurement deviation may even exceed 100%. This article analyzes the flight data of the space model flight test MF-1 and finds that there is a significant hot spot effect. This paper reproduces the temperature measurement process of MF-1 thin-skin structure along the trajectory through aerodynamic thermal/heat transfer coupling calculations. The difference between the flight data and the coupling calculation results is compared and analyzed. Based on the flight test of MF-1, the formation mechanism of the cold/hot spot effect and its impact on wall heat flux are studied. It is found that local temperature discontinuities can generate an additional wall-normal velocity near the wall, which will generate an additional wall-normal convective heat transfer, further increasing the measurement deviation of wall heat flux. The research results of this paper have important guiding significance for the development of heat flux sensors for aerospace model flight tests and correctly conducting heat flux measurements.

Investigating the synergistic driving action of microwave and char-based multi-catalysts on biomass catalytic pyrolysis into value-added bio-products

A method for preparing value-added bio-products dominated by aromatic hydrocarbon bio-oil with high selectivity by fast pyrolysis of biomass under the synergistic effect of microwave and char-based multi-catalysts (CMCs) was proposed. Various CMCs were prepared, and their structural characteristics were compared in detail. Microwave pyrolysis (MWP) experiment shows that the synergistic of microwave and biochar (hot spot effect) activates the active sites of molecular sieve catalysts, which can improve the diffusion of heavy components, thus regulating the pyrolytic products. Two non-noble metal active sites were introduced into CMCs, and their pyrolysis characteristics were compared. The Zn-modified CMCs showed good selectivity to monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) increased to 28.49 %, and the content of C6 ∼ C8 aromatic hydrocarbons was obviously increased, especially in the decarbonylation reaction. The Zr-modified CMCs could inhibit the transition condensation and cyclization of aromatic hydrocarbons. The ratio of MAHs to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) reached 1.31–1.42, which optimized the distribution of liquid products, and the yield of MAHs was between 22.99–28.61 %. CMCs have the characteristics of microwave absorption and catalytic conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons with high activity.

Microwave-assisted construction of MXene/MOF aerogel via N-metal bonds for efficient photodegradation of vapor acetone under high humidity

Designing MOF aerogels possessing highly efficient photocatalytic performance for VOCs photodegradation is a significant but challenging task. Herein, a microwave-assisted bridging strategy was proposed to construct MXene/MOF aerogel photocatalysts based on the wave-absorbing hot-spots effect of MXene for efficient acetone photodegradation in high humidity. The MXene/MOF aerogel formed abundant and intimate nano-interfaces via N-metal (N-Ti[MXene] and N-Zr[NH2-UiO-66(Zr)] bi-bonding under microwave irradiation, which enhanced light absorption, OH/O2− radicals formation, photo-induced electron-hole (e–/h+) generation, and their separation. Consequently, it exhibited excellent acetone photodegradation (97.3%) in 80% high humidity, with 10–104 times higher apparent rate constants (k*) than those of state-of-the-art photocatalysts. Moreover, MXene/MOF aerogel photocatalyst realized ∼ 95% TOC removal of acetone within 60 min and exhibited remarkable photocatalytic stability after five cycling-runs. Considering these attributes, the newly designed MXene/MOF aerogel photocatalysts have the potential to provide a practical approach for the efficient degradation of VOCs under high humidity conditions.

Compact single-panel LCD projector with high uniformity.

In this study, we introduce a single-panel LCD projector that employs a direct-lit LED array as its illumination system. Each LED in the array is coupled to a Fresnel lens to ensure light collimation. To create a uniform light distribution on the LCD panel, the LED array is arranged in a hexagonal pattern. To eliminate the hotspot effects caused by individual LED units, the optical distance between each unit and the LCD panel is extended to allow sufficient light mixing. Köhler illumination is adopted to generate adequate and homogeneous illumination on the screen. With these design enhancements, we managed to shrink the system by 29% of the traditional designs and increase uniformity to 90.1%.

The Effects of Hot Spot Policing on Community Experiences and Perceptions in a Time of COVID-19 and Calls for Police Reform

To extend the limited evidence on how hot spot policing (HSP) strategies affect community experiences, perceptions, and attitudes, police agencies in two cities participated in a randomized experiment involving 102 hot spots that were assigned to a control condition ( n = 51) or to receive a HSP program emphasizing patrol, community engagement, and problem-solving for 14–17 months during 2019 and 2020 ( n = 51). Cross-sectional surveys with hot spot community members were conducted in person before the program ( n = 1082) and, due to COVID-19, by mail and internet afterwards ( n = 768) to assess program effects on crime victimization, views of crime and disorder, and attitudes towards police. In both cities, the evaluation period overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic and the national protests for police reform following the killing of George Floyd by police in Minneapolis during 2020; in one city, the program was ongoing during these events. Results showed the program had few effects on community experiences and views, though there were some indications it may have improved perceptions of police legitimacy and police misconduct in one city. The findings suggest that HSP strategies do not have harmful effects on community perceptions and might improve some aspects of police-community relations. However, weak program implementation, challenges to survey administration, and the occurrence of both COVID-19 and the George Floyd incident during the study period complicate interpretation of the results.

Effect of Dust and Hot Spots on the Thermal Stability of Laser Sails.

Laser sails propelled by gigawatt-scale ground-based laser arrays have the potential to reach relativistic speeds, traversing the solar system in hours and reaching nearby stars in years. Here, we describe the danger interplanetary dust poses to the survival of a laser sail during its acceleration phase. We show through multiphysics simulations how localized heating from a single optically absorbing dust particle on the sail can initiate a thermal runaway process that rapidly spreads and destroys the entire sail. We explore potential mitigation strategies, including increasing the in-plane thermal conductivity of the sail to reduce the peak temperature at hot spots and isolating the absorptive regions of the sail that can burn away individually.

Emergent hotspots of biotic disturbances and their consequences for forest resilience

Over the past several decades, forests worldwide have experienced increases in biotic disturbances caused by insects and plant pathogens – a trend that is expected to continue with climate warming. Whereas the causes and effects of individual biotic disturbances are well studied, spatiotemporal interactions among multiple biotic disturbances are less so, despite their importance to ecosystem function and resilience. Here, we highlight an emerging phenomenon of “hotspots” of biotic disturbances (that is, two or more biotic disturbances that overlap in space and time), documenting trends in recent decades in temperate conifer forests of the western US. We also explore potential mechanisms behind and effects of biotic disturbance hotspots, with particular focus on how altered post‐disturbance recovery (successional pathways) can have profound consequences for ecosystem resilience and biodiversity conservation. Finally, we propose research directions that can elucidate drivers of biotic disturbance hotspots and their ecological effects at various spatial scales, and provide insight into this new knowledge frontier.

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics in honeycomb-like microchannel heat sink encapsulated with phase change material

The present study proposes a novel model to numerically investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a honeycomb-like microchannel heat sink (MCHS) encapsulated with phase change material (PCM). Compared with a single MCHS, the hybrid MCHS combines the advantages of microchannels in terms of micro efficiency with the isothermal phase change effect of PCM. The finite volume method is used to discretize the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer processes within the hybrid MCHS. Special attentions are paid to the effects of PCM, geometric parameters and local hot spots on the temperature uniformity and flow heat transfer performance. The results show that the honeycomb inflow structure design and the thermal management characteristics of PCM phase change cooling exhibit better temperature uniformity and cooling performance. The overall performance of the heat sink is best at microchannel height of 0.09 mm and inlet number of 5 under the range of parameters studied. Adjusting the channel height from 0.06 mm to 0.09 mm at a volume flow rate of 10 mL∙min−1 can reduce the thermal resistance by 51 % and the pumping power by nearly 20 %. Increasing the number of microchannel inlets results in better heat transfer performance, but this improvement comes at the expense of larger pressure drop. When a local hotspot occurs, the hybrid MCHS can reduce the temperature peak by 2–5 K, achieving a smoother temperature distribution.

Effect of Hot Spot within Combustion Liner on YSZ Crack Propagation Mode

On the aero-engine combustor liner, a phenomenon of overheating resembling a hot spot exists, accompanied by a preferential peeling of the YSZ thermal barrier coating that will negatively affect the service life of the component. The hot spot temperatures will affect the ineffectiveness of YSZ, so in this paper, the morphological and property changes of YSZ sintering is investigated experimentally, and a coupled analysis of the YSZ crack propagation mode under the hot spot is performed using ABAQUS. The results show that the pore fractal size D of YSZ increases by 15%. Inside the hot spot region, the coating has a shear stress of 75 MPa. By inserting cohesive units globally in the FEM to simulate the random crack initiation and propagation, unlike the thinning of YSZ layered peeling caused by uniform superheating, the hot spot will cause the crack initiation at the tip of the pores inside the coating and the oblique propagation, eventually forming an oblique crack connection through the pores. When the temperature gradient reaches 30 K/mm, the crack propagation is 40% greater than in a uniform temperature field; consequently, the YSZ in the hot spot boundary region with a greater temperature gradient results in more severe bulk peeling.

Causes and Prevention of Photovoltaic Module Hot Spot Effect

The photovoltaic module is the basic link in the photovoltaic power generation system, which has an important impact on the economic operation of photovoltaic power plants. Hot spot effects account for a large proportion of photovoltaic module failures, so it is of engineering significance to study them and put forward suggestions for fault prevention. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the composition of photovoltaic power generation system and the structure of photovoltaic modules then analyzes the working process and typical models of photovoltaic modules as well as the causes of the hot spot effects of photovoltaic modules. Finally, it puts forward some measures to prevent faults to improve the operational reliability of photovoltaic modules.

TbMOF@Au catalytic determination of trace malathion with aptamer SERS/RRS/Abs assay.

Terbium metal-organic framework (TbMOF) was prepared by microwave method with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid as ligand. With HAuCl4 as precursor and NaBH4 as reducing agent, TbMOF-loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) catalyst (TbMOF@Au1) was prepared rapidly and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was found that TbMOF@Au1 has a strong catalytic effect on the HAuCl4-Cys nanoreaction, and the produced AuNPs have a strong resonant Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak and surface plasmon resonance absorption (Abs) peak at 370nm and 550nm, respectively. With the addition of the molecular probe Victoria blue 4R (VB4r), AuNPs have a strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, the target analyte molecules are trapped in between the nanoparticles and a hot spot effect created in the process resulting in an extremely high SERS signal. A new SERS/RRS/Abs triple-mode analysis method for Malathion (MAL) was established by coupling this new TbMOF@Au1 catalytic indicator reaction with MAL aptamer (Apt) reaction, and its SERS detection limit was 0.21ng/mL. The SERS quantitative analysis method has been applied to the analysis of fruit samples with the recovery of 92.6-106.6% and the precision of 2.72-8.16%.