Carbon fibers (CFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Cu composites doped by Zr70Cu30 alloy particles were fabricated by a conventional vacuum hot-press technique and their microstructures, mechanical properties and electrical conductivities were compared. The results revealed that the CNTs/Cu composite exhibited a superior combination between mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, having the highest relative density of 94.8%, the maximum microhardness of 85.7 HV and the maximum electrical conductivity of 84.2% IACS among various composites. The incorporation of Zr70Cu30 alloy particles led to limited contacts with CFs (or CNTs) reinforcements but caused the decrease of relative density and consequently the deleterious mechanical and electrical properties. The dominant strengthening mechanism for the fabricated Cu matrix composites was load transfer mechanism. The CNTs reinforcements demonstrated the highest reinforcement efficiency in the Cu matrix composites, which can provide some new insights for designing novel high-strength and high-connectivity Cu matrix composites.