Hot Asphalt Mixtures Research Articles

Performance of Asphalt Concrete with Chrome and Hot Rolled Sheet with Chrome Using Portland Cement Filler and Prevent Exfoliation by Empirical Mechanism

A fine aggregate fraction that passes No. 200 is filler that affects the performance of a hot asphalt mixture. The usual Portland cement used on the asphalt mixture is Portland cement type 1. it will be tested using portland cement type1, type 2, type 3, and type 5. The chance of road damage is greater in wet than dry. The loss of asphalt or adhesion attachment can lead to weak bond between the asphalt/binder and the strength of interlocking and friction on the aggregate. If the binding strength is reduced or weak, the damage occurs on the aggregate and the asphalt consequently the structural value becomes reduced. Reduced structural values of weak bonds are often referred to as stripping processes. Aggregate attachment level with asphalt can be increased by adding anti stripping. The results showed that the best filler exprission of Portland cement type 1, type 2, type 3 and type 5, was the highest stability filler. This is owned by type 1 and type 5 filler. Portland cement type 1 type stabiltas value is 1,296.10 kg while the type 5 value has a stability of 1317.20 kg.

Applying of energy-efficient asphalt concrete for road pavements

The piper observes experience of warm-mixture asphalt application. Ability of temperature decreasing realizes using chemical additive DAD-TA. Influence of the DAT-TA additive on organic binder properties is provided. Experimental results shows high mechanical characteristics and durability of the asphalt concrete preparing and compacting at low temperature comparing traditional hot asphalt mixtures. Information of warm asphalt mixture industrial application is provided, including work performance at low temperature. Economical and environmental effects of DAD-TA application are estimated.

ALTERNATIF PENGGUNAAN SERAT ECENG GONDOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN INDEX PROPERTIES OF MARSHALL PADA CAMPURAN LASTON TIPE I SNI 03-1737-1989

However, flexible pavement has many disadvantages, such as early damage to the road surface after some time has passed by traffic so the road cannot reach the planned age. For this reason, a research was carried out to add hot asphalt mixture which aims to improve the quality of the mixture, the selected material is natural water hyacinth. The method used is trial and error with reference SNI 031737-1989. Variations used were 3%, 5%, and 7% of asphalt weight, the level of asphalt used was 4.48%. Of the 3 variations of the mixture used in Type I Asphalt Concrete Layer, the results obtained that the water hyacinth fiber content that has the best score and meet the specifications of SNI 03-1737- 1989 is the percentage of 7% obtained. from the calculation data using graphs and regression models where Marshall Stability is 889.73 Kg, VFWA (voids filled with asphalt) are equal to 65.97%, VIM (voids in mixtures) are equal to 1.757%, VMA (voids in mineral aggregates ) is equal to 20.30%, density 2.420 gr / cc, Flow 3.37 mm, and Marshall Quotient of 265.80 Kg / mm.Keywords : flexible pavement, water hyacinth fiber, Marshall test.

The use of Crumb Rubber as Substitute of Fine Aggregate for Hot Asphalt Mixture using Polymer Modified Bitumen

The development of road pavement to fulfilled the need of modern life is not only focused on heavy duty road, but also a light duty road for the convenience of road users according to its function. For example the use of pavement on the jogging track, rail crossing, playground and so on. Due to the need of an alternative and the innovation of a comfortable pavement layer, but sufficiently strong in holding the load on the layer. The alternative innovation that can be used for the respective requirement is the utilization of waste old tires as substitute material in pavement construction. In this case the use of crumb rubber made from old tire rubber as an 100% fine aggregate substitute on the asphalt mixtures is investigated. To improve the strength and durability of the mixtures, the addition of polymer modified bitumen was incorporated. The two types of asphalt mixture selected in this study by using a continuous gradation of asphalt concrete and a gap gradation of hot roll asphalt. Testing to be implemented in this research is volumetric characteristics, Marshall characteristics, resistance to abrasion and impact and permeability. Replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber on asphalt concrete mixture with 60/70 penetration grade bitumen and polymer modified asphalt SBS E-55 in this research are expected to be an alternative in improving the quality of pavement and overcoming the environmental problems by reuse the waste materials.

Fatigue performance predication model based on dissipated energy criteria using DSR under controlled-strain mode

Fatigue cracking is one of the primary modes of distress in flexible pavements that has an important economic impact. This paper describes the use of a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for fatigue performance testing of hot asphalt mixture under controlled-strain mode. 150 mm-diameter and 50 mm-height HMA finger samples used for the fatigue sequence procedure were developed and adopted to prepare the DSR samples. This paper reports the evaluation of fatigue resistance of asphalt mixture finger sample cores that were recovered from the field sections from Samawah–Nasiriyah City atrial road (97 km in the middle region of Iraq) using different continuum damage mechanics approach. The analysis has focused on comparing the dissipated pseudo strain energy (DPSE), energy ratio (ER) and energy stiffness ratio (ESR) in addition to the traditional approach under the controlled-strain mode. The results are used to develop guidelines for the design of fatigue-resistant mixtures in Iraq and to relate the mixture design to the structural design to optimize performance.

热再生沥青混合料设计及应用

热再生沥青混合料设计及应用

Effect of Steam Aging on Performance-Related Properties of Hot Asphalt Mixture

AbstractThis study presents a new laboratory technique for binder aging by using a steam cooker. This new technique is used to study the effect of steam and heat on asphalt during storage and aspha...

Performance of Half Warm Rolled Asphalt mixtures

One of the major problems that have plagued cold Bitumen Emulsion Mixtures (BEMs) since their introduction is high air voids. Therefore, this research will focus on this property and the attempts that have been applied to decrease the air voids of the produced new mixtures will be explained.In this connection, microwave heating has several advantages in comparison with the conventional heating method such as: it is volumetric heating, which represents an energy-saving point, and promotes rapid curing, which might enhance productivity. Therefore, a novel Half-Warm Rolled Asphalt (HWRA) has been produced by means of a pre-compaction microwave heating method.Consequently, Cold Rolled Asphalt (CRA) mixtures containing Ternary Blended Filler (TBF-2) have been mixed and then microwave heating, with 2450 MHz frequency and 300 W power, was applied in different durations in the pre-compaction method. The optimum microwave conditioning time was indicated in terms of stiffness modulus, air voids content and temperature which was 3 min microwave conditioning was chosen as the air voids decreased from 10.1% to 7.3%, the stiffness modulus decreased slightly and within an acceptable range and, finally, the temperature was in the moderate range (69 °C).The mechanical properties of HWRA have been investigated in terms of stiffness modulus, creep performance, fatigue life and fatigue fracture while water sensitivity and Long Term Oven Aging (LTOA) were conducted to investigate its durability. Generally, the performance in terms of mechanical properties and durability is promising due to high early stiffness modulus, long fatigue life and high Stiffness Modulus Ratio (SMR) in comparison with the control CRA and conventional hot asphalt mixtures.

Use of steel slag as a new material for roads

This research paper aims to analyse the behaviour of MDC-19 hot dense asphalt mixtures with steel slag as coarse aggregate, by using asphalt 80-100, in order to verify if this residue has suitable characteristics that allow its use. The physical and mechanical characterization was accomplished using phosphorous slag from the company Acerías Paz del Río S.A. The working formula was then determined for each mixture using the RAMCODES methodology, the briquettes were produced in the laboratory and then, the design verification was performed. Taking into account the results obtained, it is concluded that the use of phosphorous slag as coarse aggregate in asphalt mixtures is workable, since acceptable design parameters and verification are obtained that meet the specifications for use as a rolling layer.

Use of ladle furnace slag as filler in hot asphalt mixtures

Worldwide, recycling of ladle furnace slag (LFS), one of the waste produced by ironmaking and steelmaking industries, actually represents a big challenge which involves different field of material and construction industry.This paper deals with the reuse of LFS as filler in hot asphalt mixtures. In particular, the physical and chemical properties of LFS were evaluated and a procedure to treat LFS and make it suitable for the application in asphalt concrete (AC) was defined. Finally, the volumetric and mechanical properties of the AC containing LFS were determined.Experimental results showed that the hydrated LFS allows achieving an excellent performance of the AC (in terms of volumetric properties, stiffness, indirect tensile strength and resistance to repeated loads) with respect to the reference mixture with ordinary filler.

Deformation Behaviors of Dilution Type Cold Patch Asphalt Mixture under Different Stress Modes

In order to comprehensively evaluate the performance of dilution type cold patch asphalt mixture (CPAM), basic performances and deformation behaviors of dilution type CPAM under different stress modes were tested. The compaction performance and stability increasing property of CPAM were tested by rotation compaction test and Marshall stability test. The deformation behaviors of CPAM were tested by rolling test, small beam bending test and penetration shear test. Results show that when the using temperature is below 25°C, the compaction ability of CPAM is affected by temperature. The evaporation rate of organic solvents is slow, and affects the strength growing and rolling deformation behavior. It needs about 10d for the stability of CPAM rising to 3kN. The residue of organic solvents may lead the deformation of CPAM to constantly instability under rolling load. The stretching deformation and penetration shear deformation are affected by temperature. The low temperature and high temperature performance of CPAM is below standard requirements of hot asphalt mixture (HMA).

Laboratory Studies to Examine the Properties of a Novel Cold-Asphalt Concrete Binder Course Mixture Containing Binary Blended Cementitious Filler

Conventional hot asphalt mixtures have an impact on global warming and CO2 emissions contributing to debates on environmental issues which have been raised in recent years. As an alternative, cold emulsion asphalt mixtures (CBEMs) provide considerable benefits such as eco-friendliness, energy efficiency and cost effectiveness connected with safety. However, their weak early strength along with the need for longer curing times (usually 2-24 months) and higher moisture susceptibility compared to hot asphalt mixtures, have been cited as obstacles to their wider application. That said, the incorporation of waste materials in CBEM mixtures enhances sustainability by decreasing the amount of industrial waste materials needed and conserving natural resources. A new binary blended cement filler (BBCF) material generated from high calcium fly ash (HCFA) and fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FC3R) was found to be very effective in providing microstructural integrity with a novel fast-curing cold asphalt concrete for the binder course (CACB) mixture. Laboratory performance tests included the stiffness modulus test by indirect tension to cylindrical samples, wheel-tracking tests and water sensitivity. Regarding environmental issues, a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test was performed to analyse the leachate from various specimens comprising concentrations of heavy metal. The findings of these tests have demonstrated that CACB performs extremely well compared to traditional hot mixtures. The stiffness modulus of the BBCF treated mixture – 3730 MPa after 3 days – is higher than the traditional hot mixture (100/150 pen). In addition, the BBCF treated mixture offered a superior performance regarding rutting resistance, fatigue resistance and water susceptibility as well as revealing a considerably lower thermal sensitivity. More significantly, the BBCF treated mixture was found comparable to the traditional asphalt concrete binder course after a very short curing time (1 day). Finally, the concentration of heavy metals in the specimens incorporating the BBCF was observed to be less than the regulatory levels determined for hazardous materials and so requirements were satisfied. Consequently, this BBCF treated mixture has significant potential with reference to its application as a binder course in asphalt pavement.

Laboratory evaluation of foaming-based and chemical-based warm mix asphalt

A recent joint study by Arizona State University and the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) was conducted to evaluate certain warm mix asphalt (WMA) properties in the laboratory. WMA material was taken from an actual ADOT project that involved two WMA sections. The first section used a foamed-based WMA admixture, and the second section used a chemical-based WMA admixture. The rest of the project included control hot asphalt mixture. The experimental plan included three main objectives. The first objective was to explore the concept of re-heating WMA by conducting the dynamic modulus |E*| at 21.1 °C (70 °F) and compare plant to laboratory prepared mixtures using specimens from the foaming-based mixture. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of WMA on the compaction energy. The third objective was to assess the moisture damage using the Hamburg wheel-track test and AASHTO T-283 tensile strength ratio (TSR) test. The |E*| results tested at 21.1 °C for both laboratory prepared and plant foaming-based mixtures showed similar |E*| values. The statistical analysis indicated that there is no statistical significance of the dynamic moduli between the two mixtures at two compaction temperatures 132 °C (270 °F) and 154 °C (310 °F). This indicated that there is no effect of re-heating on the plant produced WMA mixture. The compaction energy results supported the conclusion from the re-heating study. The moisture sensitivity evaluation based on the TSR results indicated low resistance to moisture damage; while the Hamburg testing results indicated very good performance.

Reduction in the use of mineral aggregate by recycling cellulose ashes to decrease the aging of hot asphalt mixtures

The rapid development that our society is experiencing effects road management, therefore developing economical and efficient solutions, as well as extending road service life is indispensable. Aging is a problem associated to the majority of failures at the pavement surface layer (cracks, fissures, fatigue), including those produced by traffic solicitations. Diverse studies indicate that alterations to mixtures due to age can be decreased by incorporating a filler or mineral filler. Therefore, the present study incorporates cellulose ashes at different Cv/Cs concentrations as contribution filler in bituminous mastic, analysing its influence on aging resistance using the Cantabro wear test.The results indicated that using cellulose ash as contribution filler allows promising results to be obtained in regards to aging resistance of asphalt mixtures, if they are incorporated in concentrations close to or equal to the critical concentration, with an increase in aging resistance from 45.3 to 48.6% depending on the type of bitumen used. Therefore, incorporating them into the design of asphalt mixtures could be an efficient and economical solution to the current problems of early cracking and pavements with a service life lower than the estimated, although a more thorough analysis of its behaviour in other tests and service conditions is required in bituminous mixtures.

Contributory Factors Related to Permanent Deformation of Hot Asphalt Mixtures

Permanent deformation (Rutting) of asphalt pavements which appears in many roads in Iraq, have caused a major impact on pavement performance by reducing the useful service life of pavement and creating services hazards for highway users. The main objective of this research is investigating the effect of some contributory factors related to permanent deformation of asphalt concrete mixture. To meet the objectives of this research, available local materials are used including asphalt binder, aggregates, mineral filler and modified asphalt binder. The Superpave mix design system was adopted with varying volumetric compositions. The Superpave Gyratory Compactor was used to compact 24 asphalt concrete cylindrical specimens. To collect the required data and investigate the development of permanent deformation in asphalt concrete under repeated loadings, Wheel-Tracking apparatus has been used in a factorial testing program during which 44 slab samples; with dimensions of 400×300×50 mm; were tested to simulate . actual pavement. Based on wheel-tracking test results, it has been concluded that increasing the compaction temperature from 110 to 150ºC caused a decreasing in permanent deformation by 20.5 and 15.6 percent for coarse and fine gradation control asphalt mixtures respectively. While the permanent deformation decreased about 21.3 percent when the compaction temperature is increased from 110 to 150ºC for coarse gradation asphalt mixtures modified with styrene butadiene styrene SBS with 3 percent by asphalt binder weight.

Performance Evaluation of Different High Modulus Asphalt Mixtures

The high modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) is widely used to improve the rutting and fatigue resistance of asphalt pavement. In this study, high modulus asphalt mixtures were respectively produced by hard-grade asphalt, PRS modifier and Buton rock asphalt (BRA) modifier. The performance properties of these HMAMs were evaluated and compared with those of hot asphalt mixture (HAM) and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt mixture (SBSAM). The test results indicate the dynamic modulus and rutting resistance ability of HAMMs are higher than these of HAM and SBSAM. However, the low temperature cracking strain of HMAMs is less than the minimum required value of modified asphalt mixture specification in China. Moisture resistance ability and fatigue life of HAMMs are higher than these of HAM. Moreover, the moisture resistance ability and fatigue life of HMAM with BRA are higher than those of SBSAM. However, the opposite conclusion can be found for HMAM with hard-grade asphalt. The HMAM with higher PRS content have almost the same moisture resistance ability and fatigue life with SBSAM. Therefore, it is suggested to carefully consider binder or modifier types during the application of HMAMs.

PREDICTED DESIGN THICKNESS OF MODIFIED HMA LAYER FOR FLEXIBLE HIGHWAY PAVEMENT

The major reason for using asphalt mixture modifiers is to improve the performance of asphalt pavement to meet the requirement under prevailing stresses from traffic loading and environment effects and to reduce the pavement thickness. Structural thickness design of asphalt pavement layers is a function of many factors; one of the most important of them is the elastic modulus (E) of the asphalt mix. E values may be estimated directly in a laboratory by test, or indirectly by correlation with other tests like Marshall Stability. Additionally, E of hot mixture asphalt is used to estimate the layer relative strength coefficient (a) that is used to estimate the Structural Number parameter (SN), which allows for determining the required layer thickness. The major objective of this research is to predate a statically model to estimate the effect of asphalt modification on the layer thickness. 75 specimens of control and modified HMA for surface are designed and tested according to Marshall Method with optimum asphalt cement content (4.8%) and different types and contents of available modifiers.

Performance of Hot Asphalt Mixtures Containing Plastic Bottles as Additive

This study focuses on evaluating the resistance of polymer modified asphalt mixes and the role played by asphalt in the realm of construction is undeniably important. Addition of polymers(PB) as additives to asphalt helps to improve the strength and water repellent property of the mix and as well as helps environment in various ways and at the same time, analyzing its lower maintenance activities and service life is most important. The use of inexpensive polymers, in this case, waste polymers has without any doubt proven to be the most convenient way of reducing the cost of construction and at the same time maintaining quality. The main resolve for this research was to establish the effects of the use of plastic bottles on hot asphalt and its mixtures. In order to put this into perspective, varying percentages of asphalt mixtures were calculated and subjected to laboratory tests. The two-factor variance analysis (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the significance at various confidence limits. The results indicate that the inclusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) had a particularly substantial effect on the properties of asphalt. Consequently, it can encourage the re-utilization of waste in the manufacturing industry in an ecologically friendly and cost-effective way.

Mixing temperature design and properties evaluation for SMA-13 mixture

The mixing temperature of hot asphalt mixture could be reduced by adding WMA additive Sasobit, as well as reducing smoke emissions and energy construction during the mixing construction and paving. The reasonable mixing temperature were investigated in this paper. In addition, high temperature stability, water stability and low-temperature performance of warm asphalt mixture were evaluaterd. The test results indicate that the mixing temperature of SMA-13 with WMA additive Sasobit may reduce 15-20°C at the same energy (compaction times). the dynamic stability were improved after adding WMA additive Sasobit, and the Water stability and low-temperature performance of mixture decreased, while all kinds of asphalt mixture properties can meet the requirements.

A novel double-drum mixing technique for plant hot mix asphalt recycling with high reclaimed asphalt pavement content and rejuvenator

Hot mix asphalt (HMA) recycling has been widely used in pavement engineering. When the content of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is high, asphalt rejuvenator is often used to improve the performance of asphalt mixtures. The existing mixing technique of HMA recycling with rejuvenator is adopted from the traditional hot mix asphalt plant with one mixing drum. The drawbacks of this mixing technique are that the rejuvenator cannot fully interact with RAP and some aggregates may not be well coated with virgin asphalt binder. In recognition of these, a novel mixing technique, namely double-drum mixing, is proposed and evaluated. A comparative study was carried out to investigate the effect of double-drum mixing on the performance of hot recycled asphalt mixtures. In detail, the volumetric properties, tensile strength, moisture damage resistance, rutting resistance, and low temperature cracking resistance were evaluated. Two asphalt mixtures (AC-13 and AC-25) with three RAP contents (40%, 50% and 60%) were investigated. The results showed that the proposed new mixing technique can improve the performance of hot recycled asphalt mixtures in several aspects. The double-drum mixing process can reduce the air voids if all other mix design parameters are the same. Additionally, the tensile strength, moisture damage resistance, rutting resistance, and low temperature cracking resistance were improved to a certain extent.