Hosta Sieboldiana Research Articles

Ethnobotany around the Virovitica Area in NW Slavonia (Continental Croatia)-Record of Rare Edible Use of Fungus Sarccoscypha coccinea.

Slavonia is the most developed agricultural region in Croatia. With rich and fertile soils that have enabled the cultivation of a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and cereals, Slavonia has always met the food needs of its population. Today, the biocultural diversity of local varieties and semi-natural vegetation has irretrievably disappeared. Our aim was to document the remaining local knowledge of plant use in this area through in-depth semi-structured interviews, which were conducted in 2022-2023. All possible aspects of the use of plants and fungi were recorded as food, animal feed, medicine, construction, jewelry, rituals and ceremonies, dyes, etc. The names and uses of local plant varieties were also recorded. The results show 1702 entries-a total of 296 plant taxa from 76 families and 28 fungi from 16 families. The most frequently named plants were: Urtica dioica, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa canina, and Sambucus nigra. The plants with the greatest variety of uses were Morus alba, Rosmarinus officinalis, Triticum aestivum, and Zea mays. Interesting uses were identified. The leaves of the ornamental plant Hosta sieboldiana are still used today as food for wrapping meat with rice, the aquatic plant Trapa natans is eaten like chestnuts, and Pteridium aquilinum was once consumed as a vegetable. In addition, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Sambucus ebulus were given to horses to prevent and avoid blood poisoning. Some forest species had a special significance and were revered or favored. The most frequently mentioned edible fungi were Boletus sp., Cantharellus cibarius, and Lactarius piperatus. Auricularia auricula-judae is the only species stated to have been used exclusively as a raw snack. Evidence of edible use of Sarccoscypha coccinea, which was reported as traditionally consumed in the past, was of particular interest. Despite the modernization and agricultural nature of the region, many interesting uses of plants and fungi were identified. Further efforts should be directed towards documenting this knowledge to facilitate its dissemination in the communities that possess it, or at least to preserve it for future generations.

Hosta sieboldiana

This datasheet on Hosta sieboldiana covers Identity.

Effects of Fertilizer Placement on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Sun and Shade Grown Ornamental Crop1

Abstract The level to which ornamental plant production impacts rising atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations remains unknown. Research to date has focused on developing baseline estimations of GHG emissions from plant-pot production systems and their contribution to global warming potential. To date, pot size, irrigation delivery method and fertilizer application method have been evaluated in the production of common woody ornamental crops. In this study, two perennial herbaceous plants, full-sun-grown ‘Stella D'Oro' daylily (Hemerocallis × ‘Stella D'Oro' L.) and shade-grown ‘Royal Standard' hosta (Hosta × ‘Royal Standard') (Hosta plantaginea Aschers × Hosta sieboldiana N.Fujita) were grown utilizing one of three common fertilizer application methods (dibbled, incorporated or top-dressed). Plants were grown in 3.8 L (1 gal) nursery containers in a 6:1 pinebark:sand substrate with standard amendments. Gas samples were collected in situ according to standard GRACEnet protocols weekly for five months. Cumulative emissions for both CO2 and N2O were least for plant-pot systems using the dibbled fertilizer method, regardless of species. Cumulative CO2 emissions were highest for plants fertilized by incorporation, followed by those fertilized by top-dressing. No differences were observed between N2O efflux measurements for systems fertilized by either the incorporated or top-dressed methods. Results suggest that dibbling fertilizer could significantly decrease both CO2 and N2O emission. Index words: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, trace gas. Species used in this study: ‘Stella D'Oro' daylily (Hemerocallis × ‘Stella D'Oro' L.); ‘Royal Standard' hosta [(Hosta × ‘Royal Standard') (Hosta plantaginea Aschers × Hosta sieboldiana N.Fujita)].

Analysis of essential macro-micro mineral content of twelve hosta taxa

Hosta is a perennial ornamental herb, sometimes consumed as a vegetable in Japan. We evaluated the leaf mineral content of twelve hosta plant taxa, namely Hosta sieboldiana, H. alismifolia, H. sieboldii, H. longissima, H. tardiva, H. longipes var. gracillima, H. nakaiana, H. kikutii var. caput-avis, H. kikutii var. polyneuron, H. longipes var. caduca, H. kiyosumiensis, and H. montana. The leaf K content of 12 hosta plant taxa ranged from 2.85 to 4.05%; the P content from 0.13 to 0.34%; Ca from 0.02 to 1.15%; Mg from 540.00 to 794.12ppm; Mn 26.93 to 133.77ppm; Zn 115.39 to 334.52ppm; Cu 1.78 to 5.95ppm and Fe 26.43 to 251.95ppm. Our results indicate that H. alismifolia is the best source of K; H. sieboldii the best sources of Ca and Fe; H. nakaiana of P, Mg and Zn; and H. longissima of Mg and Cu. The K content value for H. montana was statistically identical to that for H. alismifolia. The Cu content values for H. montana and H. nakaiana were statically identical to that for H. longissima. H. alismifolia, H. sieboldii, H. longissima, H. nakaiana, and H. montana were found to be richer in the minerals studied than the other species studied here.

Seed storage longevity of Hosta sieboldiana (Asparagaceae)

Seed storage longevity of Hosta sieboldiana (Lodd.) Engler was studied. Mature and immature seeds of H. sieboldiana were stored immediately after collection at −20°C and 5°C with a moisture content of about 65%. In addition, the seeds were dried to either about 10% or 5% moisture content (MC) and then stored at either −20°C or 5°C. Seeds of H. sieboldiana were desiccation-tolerant but short-lived, with the P50 (the time required to reduce germination to half of the maximum germination) under storage conditions ranging from 0.5 to 221.9months and 2.3 to 56.7months for mature and immature seeds, respectively. Seed longevity of H. sieboldiana was increased by decreasing moisture content, but the responses of the seeds to temperatures were different from typical orthodox seeds. The dry seeds of H. sieboldiana (~5% to 10% MC) lost viability more quickly at −20°C than at 5°C. Storage allowed immature seeds to continue some maturation, but the longevity of these seeds was generally shorter than that of the mature seeds stored under the same conditions.

New Steroidal Saponin fromHosta sieboldiana

An extract of the edible parts of Hosta sieboldiana suppressed the growth of P388 mouse leukemic cells. A new steroidal saponin was isolated from Hosta sieboldiana in this study, and the structure was determined by a spectroscopic analysis to be (25R)-3beta-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-5alpha-spirostan-2alpha-ol.

Comparison of the Essential Oils from Wild type and Cultivar type of Hosta sieboldiana

Wild type and cultivar type Hosta sieboldiana have been analyzed by GC-MS. One handred twenty-one compounds were identified in the analyzed samples. Wild type oil and cultivar type oil representing 99.0 % and 98.4 % of the total oils, respectively. The major components of the wild type oil were (3Z)-hexenol (15.1 %), palmitic acid (10.1 %), linalool (9.4 %). The cultivar type oil contained palmitic acid (36.9 %), linoleic acid (16.7 %) and ethyl linolenate (8.8 %) as the major components. Both oils contained a number of fatty acids. The wild type oil was rich in odor compounds than the cultivar type oil. The most characteristic aroma compound of the wild type oil was analyzed by GC-MS/O and aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA), with the result that the most characteristic aroma compound was hexanol.

Evolution of pollinator generalization in bumblebee‐pollinated plants

AbstractTo understand the relationships between floral morphologies and the reproductive strategies of plants, the contributions of multiple pollinators to plant reproductive success need to be examined. To outline recent advances on this topic, we review studies of five bumblebee‐pollinated plants in Japan. These plant species are pollinated by one to three bumblebee species differing in proboscis length: Bombus consobrinus, Bombus diversus and Bombus honshuensis. These pollination systems allow us to compare the reproductive strategies of plants pollinated by single and multiple bumblebee species. First, we address the effects of morphological correspondence between flowers and pollinators on the reproductive success of plants. In plants with narrow tubular flowers, Isodon umbrosus and Clematis stans, pollination effectiveness depended on the morphological correspondence between floral tube length and pollinator mouthparts. These flowers are subject to varied directions and intensities of selection by multiple bumblebee species, resulting in the maintenance of large variation in floral morphology within and between populations, and even within individuals. In contrast, pollination effectiveness in plants having flowers with a wide entrance, Melampyrum roseum and Hosta sieboldiana, did not differ among bumblebee species because of good correspondence between floral morphology and bumblebee body size, resulting in small morphological variations among flowers. Thus, generalized pollination systems with multiple pollinator species favor floral traits that enable the use of various pollinators. Second, we address the quantity and quality of the pollination service in bumblebee‐pollinated plants. Isodon umbrosus, with its generalized pollination system, suffered from pollen limitation because of low pollination quality. In contrast, Isodon effusus, which has a specialized pollination system, suffered from pollen limitation because of low pollination quantity. Isodon umbrosus produced large numbers of short tubular flowers to improve pollination quantity, whereas I. effusus produced small numbers of long tubular flowers to improve pollination quality, resulting in a clear trade‐off between the size and number of flowers within plants. In M. roseum, which has a generalized pollination system, three bumblebee species achieved sufficient pollination, but seed production was limited by an increased rate of self‐pollination. This is because this species invests more resources in cross‐pollinated seeds by selective abortion of selfed seeds. Our results demonstrate that the strategy of generalized plants is to improve pollination quantity, whereas the strategy of specialized plants is to improve pollination quality.

重篤な循環器症状を呈したバイケイソウ中毒の治療経験

A 62-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital complaining of nausea, vomiting and acute abdominal pain four hours after the ingestion of wild grass. Her initial systolic blood pressure was 60mmHg and her heart rate was 40beats/min. Her vital signs improved following the administration of atropine sulfate and dopamine. Since the species of the ingested plant was not known at the time of admission, hemoperfusion and hemodialysis appeared to be the best methods of treatment. On the next day, her vital signs stabilized and her complaints were alleviated. The plant was later revealed to be Veratrum album. Veratrum album is a toxic wild plant that is frequently encountered in Japan and is often mistaken for Hosta sieboldiana. Since acute intoxication by veratrum alkaloids may cause severe parasympathetic symptoms, including profound hypotension and bradycardia, early recognition and treatment are required.

Pollination effectiveness of three bumblebee species on flowers of Hosta sieboldiana (Liliaceae) and its relation to floral structure and pollinator sizes

Pollination effectiveness of three bumblebee species on flowers of <i>Hosta sieboldiana</i> (Liliaceae) and its relation to floral structure and pollinator sizes

Plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Hosta sieboldiana

Systems for establishing suspension cultures and for inducing plant regeneration from these cultures for the Liliaceous ornamental plant, Hosta sieboldiana (Lodd.) Engl. have been developed. Pale-yellow and nodular calluses were induced from more than 20% of scape segments on MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 picloram (PIC), 30 g l−1 sucrose, and 2 g l−1 gellan gum. Upon transfer of calluses to the same medium lacking gellan gum, stably-growing suspension cultures were established after 1 month. Suspension cell clusters regenerated a large number of adventitious shoots following transfer to MS media containing 0.1 mg l−1 NAA in combination with either BA or TDZ. Over 20 shoots per 0.3 g FW of cell clusters were obtained on media containing 0.1 mg l−1 NAA and either 1 or 5 mg l−1 TDZ. Shoots rooted easily on plant growth regulator (PGR)-free MS medium, and plantlets were successfully transferred to soil. Plants showed no visible morphological alterations and maintained the diploid level as indicated by flow cytometric analysis.

Lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus) Flowering Response to Photoperiod and Hosta Response to Florel Growth Regulator

Seeds of `Russell hybrid' and `Minarette' mix lupines were sown in three experiments on 3 Sept., 10 Nov., and 2 Mar. under long-day (LD). Seedlings were transplanted on 27 Jan., 11 Mar., and 16 Apr. and moved to natural-day (ND) or LD (1500 to 0200 hr). Plants were either placed in a 17/13C day/night (DT/NT) temperature or 22/18 °C DT/NT greenhouse, and moved monthly to ND or LD for 32 treatment combinations. Days until visible bud, flowering, and vegetative heights were analyzed. `Minarette' formed flowers more consistently than did `Russell hybrids', indicating that `Minarette' populations tend to flower earlier. Young lupines did not respond to photoperiod, but facultative flowering was observed. Foliage height was greater under LD. One-year-old Hosta sieboldiana and H. `Francis William' were transplanted with one crown and placed in two temperatures as with lupines. Expt. H1 hostas were placed under LD/ND with no spray, 500 ppm, or 1000 ppm Florel; Expt. H2 hostas were placed under LD with no spray, 250 ppm Florel monthly, 500 ppm Florel at 4-, 6-, or 8-week intervals, or 2500 ppm benzyladenine (BA) sprays monthly (Dec. 1996 to July 1997). H. sieboldiana had more offsets than H. `Francis William', but the latter had increased offsets with Florel sprays. Both cultivars were shorter with 1000 ppm Florel treatments. BA-treated plants were shorter with more offsets than Florel-treated plants.

Selecting the Optimum Slow-release Fertilizer Rate for Five Cultivars of Tissue-cultured Hosta

Four rates of two slow-release fertilizers were tested for optimum growth of five hosta cultivars: Hosta sieboldiana `Elegans', Hosta plantaginea `Aphrodite', Hosta `Jade Scepter', Hosta `Hadspen Blue', and Hosta `Francee'. Tissue-cultured hostas from 2.5-cm plugs were planted in 6-inch (15-cm) pots filled with a commercial soilless medium, and the slow-release fertilizer was dibbled into the medium at 0, 3, 6, or 12 g/pot. The plants were maintained for 4 months. Root and shoot fresh and dry weights were recorded at the end of the experiment. In addition, foliar nutrient analysis was conducted on `Aphrodite', `Francee', and `Jade Sceptor'. Overall, hostas grew best when the medium was amended with 3 g of either Osmocote 14N-6P-11.5K or Sierrablen 17N-6P-12K slow-release fertilizer.

Offset Increase in Hosta Following Benzyladenine Application

Abstract A single foliar application of benzyladenine (BA) at 1250 to 3750 ppm stimulated axillary and rhizomic budbreak and offset formation in Hosta sieboldiana (Lodd.) Engl. Plants with no initial offsets formed a similar number of offsets as those with one initial offset but 143% more offsets than plants with two or three initial offsets. Growth index was either not affected or increased by BA application. Plant appearance was enhanced by late season offset formation in BA-treated plants.

Offset Stage of Development Affects Hosta Propagation by Stem Cuttings

Abstract Offset stem cuttings of Hosta sieboldiana at different stages of development (SOD) were removed from mother plants previously treated with BA; half of the cuttings at each SOD were treated with 1000 ppm IBA prior to placing under intermittent mist. Rooting percentages, primary and secondary root counts, root lengths, root rating, root dry weights, and final shoot SOD were greater for cuttings removed at a more advanced SOD. Rooting was greater than 85% for cuttings with 3 unfurled leaves, the most advanced SOD in this study. Treatment of cuttings with IBA increased primary root counts by 35%, but did not affect other measured characteristics.

The lack of control of water loss in micropropagated plants is not related to poor cuticle development

To assess if cuticular transpiration could contribute significantly to the high rates of water loss often observed in micropropagated plants after transfer to the nursery, it was tested whether adaxial cuticular water permeance (P) of leaves grown in vitro was higher than that of leaves grown ex vitro. For four species of micropropagated plants with hypostous leaves (Delphinium elatum hybrid, Doronicum hybrid, Hosta sieboldiana var. elegans, Rodgersia pinnata), P was determined with two independent techniques which gave similar results. Minimum adaxial overall conductance was measured with the same methods for a Heuchera hybrid which had amphistomatous leaves. Leaves of all species except Heuchera lost 36–65% of their original weight within 25 min after excision. Detached leaves whose abaxial surfaces had been coated lost only 25–38% of their original weight within 5–9 h. Permeances (P) were between 1 × 10−5 m s−1 and 1 × 10−4 m s−1, which was within the range of typical values found with leaves grown ex vitro. From these results and a critical assessment of the literature it is concluded that there is no evidence that P of micropropagated plants was high enough to contribute significantly to the desiccation problem at the transfer stage.

Pollination Biology of Hosta sieboldiana (Lodd.) Engler and H. sieboldii (Paxton) J. Ingram (Liliaceae)

Abstract The pollination biology of Hosta sieboldiana and H. sieboldii is investigated comparatively in Central Japan. Both species have homogamous, one‐day flowers pollinated by bumblebees. The abdomens of the bees touch the stigma on the extended style when they land on the anthers inside the herkogamous flower, and autogamy is effectively prevented. However, the flowers are fairly self‐compatible, and geitonogamy may occur rather frequently because two or more flowers on a scape very often bloom at the same time and many ramets are contiguous. The pollen/ovule ratios suggest that these species are facultative outbreeders. The flower of H. sieboldii seems completely suited to bumblebee pollination. In H. sieboldiana the stigma of the flower, whose style strongly protrudes, is not always touched by bumblebees, but frequent visitation of bumblebees results in pollination of almost all the flowers. Both species have similar pollination systems but seem reproductively isolated by blooming times and habitats. Their common pollinators, however, may sometimes cause introgressive hybridization in contiguous populations.

BA-Induced Offset Formation in Hosta

Abstract Axillary and rhizomic budbreak and offset formation in Hosta sieboldiana were promoted by a single foliar application of BA at 125–4000 ppm or drench application at 5–120 mg a.i./0.8 1 (5 in) pot, compared to an untreated control. Based on offset counts following various periods of dormancy, optimal foliar rates ranged from 2000–3000 ppm and drench rates from 20–40 mg a.i./0.8 1 (5 in) pot. Foliar application of 3000 or 4000 ppm BA or drench application at 80, 100, or 120 mg a.i./pot induced marginal necrosis within 2 weeks after treatment; however, growth following dormancy appeared normal. Generally, growth indices were not affected by foliar application of BA, but decreased with increasing rates of drench-applied BA.

In vitro propagation of Hosta sieboldiana using excised ovaries from immature florets

Ovaries from immature florets were selected as an improved explant source for in vitro cultures of Hosta sieboldiana. Culturing for 30 days on a modified Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thiamine (0.4 mgl-1) and glycine (2.0 mgl-1) induced the highest frequency of callus growth at 5.4 μM NAA and 4.4 μM BA, and the highest frequency of shoot initiation at 0.4 μM BA. The severed basal portion of the ovary was the site of shoot growth. Eliminating phytohormones and adding 80 mgl-1 of AdSO4 significantly enhanced root initiation. Rooted plantlets were established in sterilized vermiculite containing MS mineral salts. A cold treatment (1°C) of 30 days in the dark was necessary to break dormancy of the rooted plantlets.

In Vitro Propagation of Hosta sieboldiana1

Abstract Plants were initiated from florets of Hosta sieboldiana (Lodd.) Engler cultivars cultured on a modified Murashige-Skoog medium containing 0.5 – 2.5 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 – 2.5 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and grown in the light. These plants could be separated and proliferated on a similar medium to give large numbers of plants. Plant propagated from ‘Frances Williams’ had a chimeral separation into green and gold sports as well as retaining the chimeral organization.