Host-based Mobility Management Protocols Research Articles

Distributed mobility management with ID/locator split network-based for future 5G networks

The challenge to provide seamless mobility in the near future emerges as a key issue. By a brief analysis of the drawbacks of existing mobility management mechanisms, this paper presents the essential reasons why the traditional network model employing the IP protocol cannot provide mobility support for the end-host. This paper produces a distributed mobility management scheme with ID (identification)/locator split network-based, named IDN. It can provide more efficient mobility performance without Triangle Routing. By applying the IDN scheme to the legacy network, the hierarchy of the legacy network can be evolved into one layer ASN architecture instead of 2 layers. A mobility protocol performance analysis model is created, which is applied for a performance comparison between IDN scheme and the other existing mobility protocols. The simulation results show that the IDN scheme can save resources due to elimination of the Triangle Routing up to 18–64%. A qualitative comparison among those main existing network-based approaches is proposed, such as locator/ID separation protocol (LISP) and distributed mobility management (DMM) approaches. The four main weaknesses of host-based mobility management protocols can be overcame by the IDN scheme.

Performance Improvement of Proxy Mobile IPv6 for the Support of Multi-homing

Nowadays the mobile communication is developing vigorously. In the modern context this is known as the Next Generation of Communication. The Mobile Node (MN) plays a vital role in the mobile communication. There are two types of mobility management protocols. One is host-based mobility management protocol and the other is network-based mobility management protocol. The host-based mobility management protocol requires MN participation during communication. More over it also decreases the ability of mobile communication. Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) overcomes this problem. PMIPv6 is a network mobility management protocol. During communication, it does not require any MN participation. The inter-technology handover or flow mobility can performed in PMIPv6 with the help of Virtual Interface (VI). In the VI, the Link Layer Identifier (LL-ID) is used to identify the network interface which is used for the communication of data link layer. The main task of these VIs is to maintain the secrecy of the Physical Interface (PI). The VI has the capability to maintain the secret of the PI movement, by using the same LL-ID if it is in the same technology (e.g. IEEE 802.11). Unfortunately, this approach cannot support more than one interface, i.e. it cannot swap its address for more than one interface. This is the main problem of single VI, and it is represented as swapping problem. However, PMIPv6 Network mobility management protocol does not supported multi-homing due to swapping problem. The PMIPv6 has single Interface mechanism. This single interface develops swapping problems. Due to single interface, it is difficult to identify LL_ID which supports multi-homing. When more than one interface involve, the existing technique of PMIPv6 does not provide support for forwarding packets. This paper focuses on how an efficient PMIPv6 along with Multiple Virtual Interface (MVI) supports multi-homing. This paper focuses on how an efficient PMIPv6 along with MVI supports multi-homing. It is achieved by using additional fields ‘I’ & ‘A’ as supplements in the handover frame format of F-PMIPv6. In this work, the new fields ‘I’ & ‘A’ are represented as Supplementary Advertisement of Neighbor Discovery (SAND). The proposed system result of this paper achieved both by theoretically and experimentally. Here, the simulation is done by through the Network Simulator-3.

이종의 모바일 네트워크에서 사용자 이동성 QoS와 보안효과적인 네트워크 기반의 이동성관리 기법

To support the efficient mobility MIPv6v, FMIPv6, HMIPv6 and host-based mobility management protocols have been developed. AAAC (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting and Charging) system is applied in this paper analyzed the the existing IPv6 PMIPv6, FPMIPv6 network security effective and IPv6 MMP (Mobile Management Protocol) Features and performance analysis is performed. And IPv6 MMP seamless transfer performance in terms of packet loss probability, will be analyzed. That can be efficiently used as a method for the integration of QoS and mobility so that you can manage and control the resources presented QoSB usage. Results of evaluation results showed a better overall fast handover structure of mobility management techniques. PMIPv6 and FPMIPv6 in many respects the most efficient structure that can be specifically, a fast handover of the structure of the network-based mobility management scheme showed the best results.

English

The wireless and mobile communication systems have enormous growth in recent years because many people use mobile devices for acquiring different services like browsing, multimedia applications and file sharing etc. Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is probably the most extensively known IP mobility support protocol when compared to the Mobile IPv4. But in the Mobile IPv6, there are some serious problems such as, handover latency, high overhead, packet loss problem. In this survey to analyze different extensions of the Mobile IPv6 for improving the performance. As a result, the various extensions of Mobile IPv6 such as hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) and fast handover for Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) has primarily focus on the performance improvement in MIPv6. The requirement for modification in the mobile nodes may arise the complexity. On the other hand, the host-based mobility management protocols like MIPv6, HMIPv6, and FMIPv6 and a network based localized mobility management protocol like Proxy Mobile IPv6 does not necessitate any alteration on the mobile node while a proxy mobility agent in the network attains mobility-related signaling on behalf of the MN. Particularly, in this survey examine the different host based and network based mobility management protocols to show how to reduce the handover latency and reduce the overhead.

Buffering in proxy mobile IPv6: implementation and analysis

Proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a network-based mobility management protocol that improves performance in terms of handover latency, signaling cost, and packet loss compared to host-based mobility management protocols. However, still packet loss occurs during the handover of the mobile node (MN). Several attempts have been made to improve the reliability of PMIPv6 service by proposing schemes in which packets are buffered in network entities during the handover of the MN to prevent packet loss, and performance improvement has been demonstrated via simulations. So far, there have been no implementations of buffering functions in the literature. This paper addresses design of buffering function and its implementation to prevent packet loss, and demonstrates the results. We have implemented a PMIPv6 testbed based on open source resources. We discuss the functional and performance enhancements, comparing PMIPv6 with the buffering implemented and standard PMIPv6. We also propose an improved buffering function where the packet forwarding rate of the buffer is adjusted. The results through the testbed show that the buffering function in PMIPv6 effectively prevents packet loss during the handover of the MN. We have found out that we can manage the amount of packets in the buffer without further increment by adjusting the packet forwarding rate of the buffer as well.

Cost-Effective and Fast Handoff Scheme in Proxy Mobile IPv6 Networks with Multicasting Support

With recent advancements in wireless communication technologies, mobile multicasting is becoming important, in an effort to use network resources more efficiently. In the past, when various mobile IP-based multicast techniques were proposed, the focus was on the costs needed for network delivery to provide multicast services, as well as on minimizing the multicast handover delay. However, it is fundamentally difficult to resolve the problems of handover delay and tunnel convergence for techniques using MIPv6 (Mobile IPv6), a host-based mobility management protocol. To resolve these problems, the network-based mobility management protocol PMIPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6) was standardized. Although performance is improved in PMIPv6 over MIPv6, it still suffers from problems of handover delay and tunnel convergence. To overcome these limitations, a technique called LFH (Low-cost and Fast Handoff) is proposed in this paper, for fast and low-cost mobility management with multicasting support in PMIPv6 networks. To reduce the interactions between the complex multicast routing protocol and multicast messages, a simplified proxy method called MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery) is implemented and modified. Furthermore, a TCR (Tunnel Combination and Reconstruction) algorithm was used in the multicast handover procedure within the LMA (Local Mobility Anchor) domain, as well as in the multicast handover procedure between domains, in order to overcome the problem of tunnel convergence. It was found that, compared to other types of multicast techniques, LFH reduces multicast delay, and requires lower cost.

프록시 모바일 IPv6 네트워크에서 멀티캐스팅기반 빠른 이동성관리 기법의 분석적 접근법

무선 네트워크에서 효율적인 이동성관리는 모바일 사용자의 지원에 상당히 중요하다. 몇몇의 이동성관리 기법들은 MN(Mobile Node)의 시그널링 트래픽을 줄여주는 목적으로 제안되었다. 그 중에서 PMIPv6(Proxy Mobile IPv6)는 호스트 기반의 이동성관리 프로토콜과 유사하지만 MN에게 이동성에 대한 어떠한 처리도 요구하지 않는다. MAG(Mobile Access Gateway)와 LMA(Local Mobility Anchor)같은 새로운 모바일 에이전트를 도입하여 MN에게 IP 이동성을 제공한다. 본 논문에서, MN 이동성의 종류에 따라 호출 당 평균 시그널링 지연과 평균 대역폭을 평가하는 분석 모델을 제안한다. 수학적 분석의 결과로 MF-PMIP(Multicasting-based FastPMIP)는 거의 모든 성능평가 매개변수에 대하여 D-PMIP에 비해 우수한 성능을 보여준다. In wireless networks, efficient mobility management to support of mobile users is very important. Several mobility management schemeshave been proposed with the aim of reducing the signaling traffic of MN(Mobile Node). Among them, PMIPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6) is similar with host-based mobility management protocols but MN does not require any process for mobility. By introducing new mobile agent like MAG (Mobile Access Gateway) and LMA (Local Mobility Anchor), it provides IP mobility to MN. In this paper, we propose the analytical model to evaluate the mean signalingdelay and the mean bandwidth according to the type of MN mobility. As a result of mathematical analysis, MF-PMIP (Multicasting-based FastPMIP) outperforms compared to F-PMIP and PMIP in terms of parameters for the performance evaluation.

Time-Efficient Handover Using Enhanced Route Optimization in Global PMIPv6

With the development of the wireless internet, there are more and more mobile terminals. Without mobility management protocol, mobile terminals could not communicate with others terminals when they are away from their home network. Mobile IPv6 was proposed which is host-based mobility management protocol. But it has several drawbacks, such as wireless link resource waste, load or consumption of power in mobile terminal is large. To overcome the weakness of host-based mobility management protocol, network-based mobility management protocol called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is standardized by the internet engineering task force network-based localized mobility management working group, and it is starting to attract considerable attentions. Although several proposals have been made for handover and Route Optimization (RO) in PMIPv6, they still need too many communications, do not consider about seamless-handover and RO without out-of-sequence problem simultaneously. In this paper we proposed a time-efficient handover mechanism in PMIPv6 by using the improved RO. We use the characteristic of anycast to achieve the time efficiency. By the mathematical analysis we prove that the proposed protocol has shorter latency and supports faster mobility of the mobile terminals.

Comparative Handover Performance Analysis of IPv6 Mobility Management Protocols

IPv6 mobility management is one of the most challenging research topics for enabling mobility service in the forthcoming mobile wireless ecosystems. The Internet Engineering Task Force has been working for developing efficient IPv6 mobility management protocols. As a result, Mobile IPv6 and its extensions such as Fast Mobile IPv6 and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 have been developed as host-based mobility management protocols. While the host-based mobility management protocols were being enhanced, the network-based mobility management protocols such as Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) and Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) have been standardized. In this paper, we analyze and compare existing IPv6 mobility management protocols including the recently standardized PMIPv6 and FPMIPv6. We identify each IPv6 mobility management protocol's characteristics and performance indicators by examining handover operations. Then, we analyze the performance of the IPv6 mobility management protocols in terms of handover latency, handover blocking probability, and packet loss. Through the conducted numerical results, we summarize considerations for handover performance.

Time-Efficient Route Optimization in PMIPv6

With the development of the wireless internet, there are more and more mobile terminals. Without a mobility management protocol a mobile terminal could not communicate with other terminals when it is away from its home network. Mobile IPv6 is proposed which is host-based mobility management protocol. But it has several drawbacks, such as wireless link resource waste, load or consumption of power in mobile terminal is large. To overcome the weakness of host-based mobility management protocol, network-based mobility management protocol called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is standardized by the IETF NETLMM working group, and it is starting to attract considerable attentions. Although several proposals have been made for Route Optimization (RO), they still need too many communications and it may cause communication delay. In this paper we proposed a time-efficient RO in PMIPv6 by optimize the procedure of it. We use the characteristic of anycast to achieve the time efficiency. By the mathematical analysis we prove that the proposed protocol has shorter latency and supports faster mobility of the mobile terminals.

HOTA: Handover optimized ticket-based authentication in network-based mobility management

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), a network-based mobility management protocol, has clearly different perceptions compared with host-based mobility management protocols. In PMIPv6, a mobile node (MN) is not involved in any mobility signaling as mobility service provisioning entities provide mobility services for the MN. This characteristic leads us to develop a new handover authentication scheme that satisfies certain security and performance requirements. In this paper, handover optimized ticket-based authentication (HOTA) is developed to enable an MN to securely reuse a credential issued by an authentication server (AS) when the MN performs handover authentication over different access networks. The proposed secure reuse of the credential reduces the handover latency while it simplifies a handover authentication procedure. Initial authentication and handover authentication procedures of HOTA are presented in detail and analyzed with a formal authentication analysis method, BAN Logic. Analytical models are also developed to evaluate the authentication and handover latencies, packet loss, and handover failure probability. The conducted numerical analysis corroborates that HOTA outperforms previously developed handover authentication schemes for PMIPv6.

Lightweight NEtwork MObility Within PMIPv6 for Transportation Systems

NEtwork MObility (NEMO) provides that a moving network involving mobile network nodes (MNNs) can move around the Internet without loss of connection. NEMO Basic Support (NBS) has been developed as an extension of Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) so that it succeeds to drawbacks of host-based mobility management protocol. In NBS, the moving network keeps its connectivity with its home agent (HA) through its registration procedure. In other words, the moving network is required to obtain its new address and to send its own mobility signaling to the HA for every movements. In this paper, a simple and lightweight mechanism for NEMO within Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), which is a network-based mobility management protocol, is introduced. The proposed mechanism enables a moving network to change its point of attachment at a given PMIPv6 domain without acquiring a new address and sending its own mobility signaling. Mobility service provisioning entities residing at the PMIPv6 domain are extended to support NEMO. The analytical performance analysis is conducted to demonstrate that the moving network in the proposed mechanism achieves the reduced traffic cost and handover latency compared to NBS.

Sensor Proxy Mobile IPv6 (SPMIPv6)—A Novel Scheme for Mobility Supported IP-WSNs

IP based Wireless Sensor Networks (IP-WSNs) are gaining importance for their broad range of applications in health-care, home automation, environmental monitoring, industrial control, vehicle telematics and agricultural monitoring. In all these applications, mobility in the sensor network with special attention to energy efficiency is a major issue to be addressed. Host-based mobility management protocols are not suitable for IP-WSNs because of their energy inefficiency, so network based mobility management protocols can be an alternative for the mobility supported IP-WSNs. In this paper we propose a network based mobility supported IP-WSN protocol called Sensor Proxy Mobile IPv6 (SPMIPv6). We present its architecture, message formats and also evaluate its performance considering signaling cost, mobility cost and energy consumption. Our analysis shows that with respect to the number of IP-WSN nodes, the proposed scheme reduces the signaling cost by 60% and 56%, as well as the mobility cost by 62% and 57%, compared to MIPv6 and PMIPv6, respectively. The simulation results also show that in terms of the number of hops, SPMIPv6 decreases the signaling cost by 56% and 53% as well as mobility cost by 60% and 67% as compared to MIPv6 and PMIPv6 respectively. It also indicates that proposed scheme reduces the level of energy consumption significantly.

Inter-domain Proxy Mobile IPv6 based Vehicular Network

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) was standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) NetLMM WG as a Network-based Mobility management protocol, this protocol allows the Mobile Node (MN) to maintain service connectivity while moving within the PMIPv6 domain. PMIPv6 mobility management is different from the Host-based Mobility management protocols; where the mobility signaling management is controlled by the serving network on behalf of the MN. PMIPv6 introduced new network entities to handle the signaling on behalf of the MN. However, PMIPv6 protocol can only manage the MN’s reachability within a local domain (intra-domain). If the MN moves beyond the perimeter of PMIPv6 domain, the mobility support will be lost. To provide MN continuous support across domains, PMIPv6 needs to be developed to support interconnect neighboring PMIPv6 domains. In this paper we propose an inter-domain handover scheme. The proposed scheme uses the Media Independent Information Service (MIIS) to help the vehicle store information about the network that it is attached with. In addition the Local Mobile Anchor (LMA) will use Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).

Performance analysis of proxy mobile IPv6 based on IEEE802.16e

Proxy mobile Internet protocol version 6 (PMIPv6) is a network-based mobility management protocol proposed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which allows nodes to remain service connectivity while moving around in the IPv6 Internet. PMIPv6 is different from the host-based mobility management protocols (mobile Internet protocol version (MIPv6), hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6), fast handover for mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6), and fast handover in hierarchical mobile IPv6 (F-HMIPv6)), whose signaling are transferred among some network entities except mobile node (MN). This paper focuses on the analytical modeling of performance analysis for PMIPv6 and other protocols using IEEE802.16-based wireless metropolitan area networks as the wireless access network. The performances of these protocols are evaluated by some metrics like handover latency, service disruption time, and binding update cost. Numerical results show that PMIPv6 has better performance.

Inter-Domain Roaming Mechanism Transparent to Mobile Nodes among PMIPv6 Networks

In Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), when a Mobile Node (MN) enters a PMIPv6 domain and attaches to an access link, the router on the access link detects attachment of the MN by the link-layer access. All elements of PMIPv6 including the router then provide network-based mobility management service for the MN. If the MN moves to another router in this PMIPv6 domain, the new router emulates attachment to the previous router by providing same network prefix to the MN. In other words, PMIPv6 provides rapid mobility management based on layer-2 attachment and transparent mobility support to the MN by emulating layer-3 attachment with respect to intra-domain roaming. However, when the MN moves to other PMIPv6 domains, although the domains also provide the network-based mobility management service, the MN should exploit the host-based mobility management protocol, i.e. Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), for the inter-domain roaming. Hence, this letter proposes the rapid and transparent inter-domain roaming mechanism controlled by the networks adopting PMIPv6.