Hospitals In Khartoum Research Articles

Evaluation of the Antibiotic Resistance Pattern at the Medical Services Administration Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, 2021

The number of antibiotics available is limited and does not cover the growing antibiotic resistance challenge. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics act as factors that help in improving and increasing the problem of resistance to those currently being prescribed by doctors. The study was carried out at the Medical Services Administration Hospital (MSAH) in Khartoum, Sudan to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern for the period between Dec. 2020 and Jan. 2022. The results showed that, in a total of different clinical samples that were collected and processed, a total number of 980 organisms were isolated. The result indicated that 345 out of the total isolates (35.20%) were Klebsiella pneumonia, 326 (33.27%) Escherichia coli, 154 (15.71%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 130 (13.27%) Proteus mirabilis, and 25 (2.55%) Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that K. pneumonia was quite resistant to piperacillin, cefuroxime, and azithromycin. The amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem antibiotics showed significant activity against K. pneumonia. The isolates of E. coli showed significant resistance to azithromycin and were more sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. P. aeruginosa was resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and azithromycin in a big way, but it was very sensitive to cefuroxime, the drug used to treat strep throat infections. P. mirabilis was found to be resistant to nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and azithromycin. It showed good sensitivity to amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem. It was clear that S. aureus was resistant to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, nitrofurantoin, and norfloxacin, while tests showed that it was sensitive to imipenem.

Acute Liver Failure in Children: Clinical Presentation and Management

Introduction: Acute liver failure (ALF) is an uncommon condition in which rapid deterioration of liver functions results in coagulopathy, usually with an international randomized ratio (INR) of greater than 1.5 which is not corrected by a single dose of vitamin K, the condition associated with encephalopathy or INR 2 or more and is not corrected by a single dose of vitamin K without encephalopathy. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition characterized by jaundice, encephalopathy and coagulopathy leading to multi-organ failure in a patient with no prior history of liver disease and carries a very high mortality rate. Objective: To study the clinical presentation and management of acute liver failure (ALF) among children admitted to Jaffer Ibn Oaf Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan during the year 2019. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional and hospital-based study conducted in all children presented to Jaffer Ibn Oaf Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan with acute liver failure during January to December 2019. The study sample was calculated by total coverage of all patients. Study questionnaires captured mainly quantitative data. The data was reviewed and analyzed into descriptive and inferential statistics by using computerized software package for window statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21. Results: 47 children had acute liver failure were included. The prevalence of pediatric ALF in the studied hospital was 8.95%. The majority of participants were males and were 2 months to 14 years of age. All patients (100%) presented with jaundice, 38 (80.9%) had weakness and fatigue, 23 (48.9%) developed encephalopathy, mainly grade-I, 19 (40.0%) had nausea, 16 (34%) had ascites and 7 (14.8%) had seizures. INR was prolonged in all patients. Most patients had abnormal liver function tests. Almost all patient received vitamin K injection. Many patients needed pressure and circulation support and special treatment based on the underline cause. The mortality rate was 34% and 29.8% of the patients were recovered without liver transplantation. Statistically significant best outcome associated with elder age and hepatic encephalopathy grade-1. Poor outcome was significantly frequent among patients with anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, hypokalemia and high liver enzymes. Conclusion: Pediatric acute liver failure mainly presented with jaundice, weakness and fatigue, grade-I encephalopathy, nausea, ascites and seizures. Treatment was mainly supportive with some patient needed treatment for the underlying causes. Poor outcome associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, hypokalemia and high liver enzymes.

Assessment of Variation in Clinical Presentation of Visceral Leishmaniasis Among Patients Attending the Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital in Sudan

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (also known as Kala-azar) is a systemic parasitic infection with many clinical presentations. The present study assesses the variation in presentations among patients who attended the Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital (TDTH) in Khartoum, Sudan.
 Methods: This analytical cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at the TDTH between November 2019 and September 2020. Medical records of patients who presented at the TDTH were reviewed using a structured data extraction checklist. The Chi-square test was used to determine the associations between sociodemographic and clinical presentations of patients. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
 Results: Out of 195 patients, 79.5% were male and 48.2% were <31 years old. Fever was the main clinical presentation (90.2%) while 53.3% presented with weight loss and 72.3% and 39% presented, respectively, with splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. HIV was detected in 4.6% of the patients. RK39 was the main diagnostic test. We found a significant association between the abdominal distention and the age of the patients (P < 0.05) – age groups 11–20 and 41–50 years were more likely to present with abdominal distention than other age groups.
 Conclusion: There is no exact clinical presentation or routine laboratory findings that are pathognomonic for visceral leishmaniasis; therefore, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with fever, weight loss, and abdominal distention, and among patients with HIV.

Detection of Parvovirus B19 DNA in pregnant Sudanese women attending The Military hospital using Nested PCR technique

Background: Parvovirus B19 is a human pathogenic virus associated with a wide range of clinical conditions. During pregnancy congenital infection with parvovirus B19 can be associated with poor outcome, including miscarriage, fetal anemia and non-immune hydrops. Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalenceof Parvovirus B19 DNA in pregnant women attending the Military hospital in Khartoum, demonstrating the association between the virus and poor pregnancy outcomes. Subjects and methods: This study was a cross sectional study, testing pregnant Sudanese women whole blood samples (n= 97) for the presence of Parvovirus B19 DNA using nested PCR technique. Result: Two samples were found positive for Parvovirus B19 DNA out of the total number of samples screened. Conclusions: The prevalence of Parvovirus B19 DNA among pregnant women attending the Military hospital was 2.1%.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Pregnant Women Attending Aldayat and Saad Abu Elela Teaching Hospital Khartoum State -2020

Background: Pregnancy induced Hypertensive are the major causes of severe acute morbidity, long-term disability and death among mothers and babies. The worldwide prevalence of pre-eclampsia is 5–10%.
 Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the prevalence and associated factors of pregnancy-induced hypertension among pregnant women attending Aldayat and Saad Abu Elela Teaching Hospital Khartoum State-2020.
 Materials and methods: This descriptive hospital-based study was conducted in Aldayat and Saad Abu Elela Teaching Hospitals, the study covered all pregnant women in a period of two months from January to February 2020 to obtain a sample size of 239 pregnant women. Data were collected using WHO standardized questionnaire after modification to suit the study. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS) version 23. The association between different variables was checked using the chi-square test, P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
 Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension among pregnant women was 7.5%. The distribution of prevalence of hypertension associating to age group among those affected: 44.4% among age group 18-30 years old then 33.3% among age group less than 18 year old and 11.1% in both group 31-45 and >45 years old , respectively. The study revealed that the associated factors of hypertension among pregnant women were: Family history and first relative relationship, number of pregnancies, follow-up blood pressure during pregnancy, with 39%, 100.0%, 44.3%,100.0% , respectively, socio-demographic characteristics such as education level illiterate 5.5% khalwa 27.7% primary/basic 5.5% intermediate/secondary 25.5% university/post-university 33.3%),employment status employed 41%, Not employed 59%,nature of work sitting 27.8% Stand22.2%, Moved33.3%, all mentioned 16.7%,no. of hours per shift4 hours 11.7% 5-8 hours 56.1% > 8 hours 32.2%, family monthly income in SDG< 1500 31.1%, 1500-3500 38.9%, > 3500 29.7%. From the interview with Medical Director and the Metron the main factors associated with hypertension were: family history, nutrition status, the number of pregnancies and obesity. The statistics showed a strong association between blood pressure among pregnant women from a side and education level, the number of pregnancies, follow-up during the pregnancy and family history from another side with P-value = 0.01, 0.02, 0.01 , 0.026 , 0.02 , respectively. There was no association between employment status, nature of work, increase of blood pressure during and before pregnancy, knowledge and time of diagnosis from a side and hypertension among pregnant women from another side with P-values (0.4, 0.47, 0.38, 0.42, 0.35) , respectively.
 Conclusion: The study revealed that the prevalence of hypertension among pregnant women associated with many factors such as: family history, age group, and follow-up during pregnancy, level of education, so based on the findings the study recommended that the pregnant women should be sensitized on the preventive measures for managing high blood pressure, health and nutrition education including physical education for all pregnant women with particular emphasis on the most affected age group, and there must be continued follow-up.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Pregnant Women Attending Aldayat and Saad Abu Elela Teaching Hospital Khartoum State -2020

Background: Pregnancy induced Hypertensive are the major causes of severe acute morbidity, long-term disability and death among mothers and babies. The worldwide prevalence of pre-eclampsia is 5–10%.
 Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the prevalence and associated factors of pregnancy-induced hypertension among pregnant women attending Aldayat and Saad Abu Elela Teaching Hospital Khartoum State-2020.
 Materials and methods: This descriptive hospital-based study was conducted in Aldayat and Saad Abu Elela Teaching Hospitals, the study covered all pregnant women in a period of two months from January to February 2020 to obtain a sample size of 239 pregnant women. Data were collected using WHO standardized questionnaire after modification to suit the study. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS) version 23. The association between different variables was checked using the chi-square test, P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
 Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension among pregnant women was 7.5%. The distribution of prevalence of hypertension associating to age group among those affected: 44.4% among age group 18-30 years old then 33.3% among age group less than 18 year old and 11.1% in both group 31-45 and >45 years old , respectively. The study revealed that the associated factors of hypertension among pregnant women were: Family history and first relative relationship, number of pregnancies, follow-up blood pressure during pregnancy, with 39%, 100.0%, 44.3%,100.0% , respectively, socio-demographic characteristics such as education level illiterate 5.5% khalwa 27.7% primary/basic 5.5% intermediate/secondary 25.5% university/post-university 33.3%),employment status employed 41%, Not employed 59%,nature of work sitting 27.8% Stand22.2%, Moved33.3%, all mentioned 16.7%,no. of hours per shift4 hours 11.7% 5-8 hours 56.1% > 8 hours 32.2%, family monthly income in SDG< 1500 31.1%, 1500-3500 38.9%, > 3500 29.7%. From the interview with Medical Director and the Metron the main factors associated with hypertension were: family history, nutrition status, the number of pregnancies and obesity. The statistics showed a strong association between blood pressure among pregnant women from a side and education level, the number of pregnancies, follow-up during the pregnancy and family history from another side with P-value = 0.01, 0.02, 0.01 , 0.026 , 0.02 , respectively. There was no association between employment status, nature of work, increase of blood pressure during and before pregnancy, knowledge and time of diagnosis from a side and hypertension among pregnant women from another side with P-values (0.4, 0.47, 0.38, 0.42, 0.35) , respectively.
 Conclusion: The study revealed that the prevalence of hypertension among pregnant women associated with many factors such as: family history, age group, and follow-up during pregnancy, level of education, so based on the findings the study recommended that the pregnant women should be sensitized on the preventive measures for managing high blood pressure, health and nutrition education including physical education for all pregnant women with particular emphasis on the most affected age group, and there must be continued follow-up.

Maternal age and miscarriage: A unique association curve in Sudan.

This study's aim was to estimate the prevalence and maternal age and other risk factors of miscarriage among Sudanese women. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Saad Abuelela Tertiary Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, from February to December 2019. Sociodemographic, obstetric and clinical data were collected. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Four hundred thirteen (20.5%) women reported experiencing a miscarriage. Risk factors included older age, high parity, histories of caesarean delivery, and obesity. Logistic regression showed that the lowest risk for women aged less than 20 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.33) or 20 to 24 years (AOR, 0.57), primiparas (AOR, 0.42) and women educated below the secondary level (AOR, 0.78). Unlike the global age-associated risk of miscarriage, the risk of miscarriage among Sudanese women follows a unique curve in relation to maternal age. Interestingly, the curve showed a lower risk for women less than 20 years and at 40 years.

Quality Assessment for Radiology Departments in Khartoum State Hospitals

Ionizing radiation is one of the most important techniques used in the diagnostic field. This research serves as a review of risk management in radiology in Sudanese governmental and private hospitals located in Khartoum State, Sudan. In addition, this research also aimed to assess the environment of workplace safety requirements in the hospitals. It investigates the potential sources of risk within radiology departments and proposes measures that may potentially mitigate these risks; 83.3% of participants considered their knowledge about radiation risks above good; 10.7% of participants do not use the protection shield, which is significant result for the poor radiation protection. According to the long distance, the distance between the radiation source and the control room is the majority from 3 to 5 m at 41.7%, giving that the typical distance recommended is at least 2 m. The risk factor in radiology department in Khartoum hospitals is basically the lack of protection tools and shield in the radiology rooms, which has a harmful effect directly on the medical staff and the patients.

Maternal Undernutrition and Low Birth Weight in a Tertiary Hospital in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundThe World Health Organization set a Global Nutrition Target of a 30% reduction in LBW by 2025. Maternal malnutrition/undernutrition is among the most important modifiable risk factors for impaired fetal growth. This study investigates the effect of maternal undernutrition on LBW in Sudan.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Saad Abuelela Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, from May to October 2020. The sociodemographic and obstetric data of the women were gathered via questionnaire, and their mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured. Maternal undernutrition was defined as a MUAC of <23 cm.ResultsIn total, 1,505 pairs of pregnant women and their newborns were enrolled in the study. The medians [interquartile (IQR)] of the age, parity, and gestational age were 27.0 (9.0) years, 1.0 (3.0), and 38.0 (2.0) weeks, respectively. The median (IQR) of the birth weight was 3,028.0 (690.0) g. Of the 1,505 participants, 182 (12.1%) delivered LBW infants. Multivariate logistic regression showed that MUAC [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.87–0.96] and gestational age (AOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.73–0.85) were negatively associated with LBW. The level of antenatal care <2 visits (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.30–3.57) was associated with LBW. Women with undernutrition were at a higher risk of delivering LBW infants (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.09–2.53).ConclusionLBW is a health problem in Sudan, and women with undernutrition were at a higher risk of delivering LBW infants.

Determination of infection rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis among patients attending dermatology hospitals in Khartoum.

Determination of infection rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis among patients attending dermatology hospitals in Khartoum.

P14 The antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria causing acute respiratory tract infections in Khartoum, Sudan

BackgroundAcute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are the most common indication for antibiotic prescriptions. This is associated with irrational prescription and correlated with antimicrobial resistance especially in low-income countries including Sudan. This is a cross-sectional study aimed at identifying bacterial pathogens causing ARTIs and their susceptibility to the commonly prescribed antibiotics.MethodsBacterial pathogens (51 isolates) were obtained from 29 ARTI patients from two hospitals in Khartoum in the time period March 2021 to March 2022. Samples were collected from each patient using both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. They were then cultured using blood and chocolate agar. The isolated colonies were identified using Gram staining technique, biochemical test, and selective media. Antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) were done using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test protocol. Susceptible strains were determined following CLSI guidelines. The susceptibility of isolates was determined for different antibiotics representing the important classes including co-amoxiclav, cefixime, penicillin G, oxacillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem.ResultsIsolates were found to be mostly (82.3%) Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most abundant (17.9%) Gram-negative bacteria. S. aureus isolates were found to be 100% susceptible to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem. S. aureus exhibited less susceptibility to ceftriaxone (75%), and the least susceptibility to co-amoxiclav (37.5%), cefixime (31.3%), oxacillin (18.8) and erythromycin (25%). S. pyogenes isolates were found to be completely susceptible (100%) to co-amoxiclav, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. S. pyogenes had less susceptibility to vancomycin (92%), and the least susceptibility to cefixime (38.5%) and erythromycin (26.9%). P. aeruginosa isolates were found to be 100% susceptible to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, with less susceptibility to ceftriaxone (66%) and the least susceptibility to co-amoxiclav (22.2%), cefixime (33.3%), erythromycin (11.1%), vancomycin (11.1%) and oxacillin.ConclusionsCo-amoxiclav is extensively used in Sudan empirically. The results show that S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are increasingly becoming resistant to this drug. However, S. pyogenes is still susceptible to it. Conversely resistance to erythromycin and cephalosporins is shown in all the different isolated species, however these drugs are still widely used without even culture and ASTs. Luckily, non-susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was not detected here. Obviously, laboratory identification and ASTs are much needed along with surveillance programmes in hospitals. Together with rational use of antibiotics these measures will help to slow down the progress of the deadly AMR pandemic.

Prevalence of Hypertension in Sudanese Patients With Gouty Arthritis.

BackgroundIn this study, we aimed to study the frequency of hypertension in Sudanese patients with gouty arthritis attending the largest three tertiary hospitals in Khartoum and correlate it with serum uric acid levels.MethodologyAn observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted in rheumatology clinics in Khartoum state, Sudan, from August 2020 to January 2021 involving 100 participants. Data were collected, prepared, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).ResultsIn this study, 100 participants were enrolled. The majority were males (79%), with 45% of the participants in the age group of 61-75 years. Overall, 89% of participants had symptoms of gouty arthritis, with the knee being the most common joint affected in 27% of participants. Most participants had a uric acid level above the target (6 mg/dL). The most frequently used uric acid lowering agent was found to be allopurinol in 85% of the patients. Furthermore, among those with gouty arthritis, 51% had hypertension with nearly half being insufficiently controlled. The frequency of undiagnosed hypertension among the participants was found to be 19%, which was statistically significant among gouty arthritis patients (p-value < 0.0001). Upon further analysis of our hypertensive participants, 79.5% of males (n = 35) had high blood pressure levels, which was statistically significant as well (p-value = 0.005), with the highest prevalence being among the age group of 61-75 years. Of those who were hypertensive, 51% had a history of concomitant comorbidity. Overall, 90% of the hypertensive participants (n = 40) had joint symptoms. Moreover, serum uric acid level was above the target in 93% of the participants.ConclusionsHypertension was found to be the most frequently recognized comorbidity in gouty arthritic patients, with more than a third remaining undiagnosed. Moreover, the male gender was a significant risk factor for hypertension among the gouty arthritis participants. Nevertheless, most patients with high blood pressure levels had concurrent elevated uric acid levels.

Assessment of Risk Factors and Management of Ischemic Stroke at Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, 2018

Context: Ischemic stroke is an acute medical condition with life-threatening complications; therefore, understanding its common risk factors, early management, prevention from recurrent attack, and in our population is necessary. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess common risk factors and management of ischemic stroke at Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan). Methodology: A retrospective, hospital-based study was conducted at Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital Khartoum State. The study included all medical records of patients hospitalized with Ischemic stroke from January 2017 to January 2018. The data were collected using a well-designed data collection form and analyzed with SPSS. Results: Out of 116 participants, ischemic stroke was more frequent in males (59.5%), adults over 65 years (57.8%). Forty-four percent of participants had a history of hypertension. Smoking and family history with ischemic stroke were observed only in 10.3% and 5.2% of participants, respectively. Aspirin (100–300) mg plus atorvastatin 40 mg were the most prescribed regimen of 44.8%. The highest type of drug-drug interaction reported was monitor closely (41.4%) and serious (33.6) type drug-drug interactions. While 74.1% of participants were discharged, the rate of death was significantly higher in females and participants over 65 years' age. Conclusions: Past medical history of hypertension and elderly age were the major risk factors with ischemic stroke. Aspirin plus statin therapy is the most frequently used regimen with nonadherence to the guidelines regarding the use of thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulants. Serious type drug-drug interactions were detected among prescribed medications.

Quality Assurance of Blood Bank Performance in Khartoum Hospitals

Background: Blood is a vital and limited resource with a lifesaving therapeutic benefit. Knowledge of standard transfusion practices to be followed is important in delivering quality transfusion services. The present study aims at assessing the knowledge of transfusion practices among undergraduate medical students, train them, and to assess the impact of this type of training sessions in improving the outcome. Objectives: To evaluate blood transfusion services (BTS) at the main blood banks (BBs) of some Sudan cities as sample to present the situation. The Methods: There were 13 main BBs evaluated according to the World Health Organization BTS standards. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires covering 11 components: Personnel training and certification, Equipment, Physical facility, Safety, Pretesting, testing, post testing, appropriate use of blood, Waste management, Documentation and Record and External Quality Assessment(PT, Retesting and Site Supervision). Results: An overall mean percent score for BTS was calculated where &lt;50% is considered unsatisfactory. The 13 BBs in Personnel training and certification there were five satisfying the need 38.5% (5/13), in equipment there was one blood bank accepted 7.7% (1/13), for Physical facility there were 11 blood banks satisfying the need 84.6% (11/13), for Safety there were only 3 blood banks satisfying the need 23% (3/13). For pretesting there were 12 blood banks satisfying the need 92.3% (12/13). For testing there were 4 blood banks satisfying the need 30.8% (4/13). For post testing all blood banks were satisfying the need 100% (13/13). For appropriate use of blood there was only one blood bank satisfying the need. For Waste management all blood banks satisfying the need 100% (13/13). For documentation and Recordthere were two blood banks accepted15.4% (2/13). For External Quality Assessment all blood banks do not satisfying the need 0% (0/13). ......................

Sudanese emergency departments: a study to identify the barriers to a well-functioning triage

BackgroundTriage system is a sorting system that categorizes patients on the basis of the severity of their condition and the availability of the resources in the emergency department. There has been little attention in the public literature to triage systems in Sudan. The aim of this study was to explore the triage system and identify the barriers in its application in hospitals in Sudan.MethodsA cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted at eight hospitals in Khartoum during December 2020. A multi-stage cluster sampling was applied. Data were obtained by interviewing emergency department staff using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences to find the association between various variables by chi-square test.ResultsMost of the respondents stated that the triage system was deficient. Most of the participants of this study agreed that the role played by the administration in taking legislative decisions is crucial in improving the triage system. Among the factors found to be significant to a well-functioning triage system were, the need for substantial capital expenditure, p-value: 0.026, prudent legislative decisions, p-value: 0.026, adequate training of staff on means of performing efficient triaging, p-value: 0.007 and raising the awareness of the staff on the correct application of triage guidelines, p-value: 0.017.ConclusionCurrently there is no formal triage system in the State of Khartoum and has yet to be established. Policy making by administrators will play an important role in its implementation. It is suggested that prompt executive orders on improving the current triage system in Khartoum, should be carried out sooner than later, as the ripple effects of a well-functioning triage will decrease the average length of stay, mortality and morbidity rates and will eventually increase the patient’s satisfaction.

Molecular Detection of Some High Resistance Genes Metallo &amp;Beta;-Lactams of Klebsiella Pneumoniae using Multiplex PCR

In the last decade, organisms resistant to multiple drugs have become a threatening problem worldwide. Considering the lack of infection control practices to contain outbreaks and the increase in bacterial resistance in many hospitals in Khartoum, this study aimed to investigate the pattern of antibacterial susceptibility and prevalence of resistance genes (blaNDM, blaAIMblaGIM, blaIMP) of&nbsp;Klebsiella pneumoniae&nbsp;using multiplex PCR from clinical samples with multidrug resistance. The cr

Peripheral Hematological Parameters in Sudanese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The aim of this study is to assess the association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hematological parameters [hemoglobin, red cell parameters, white blood cells (WBCs), platelets volume (MPV)]. This is a matched case-control study (60 women in each arm of the study) which was conducted in Saad Abualila infertility center Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. Infertile women with PCOS were the cases and healthy non pregnant women were the controls. The gynecological characteristics were gathered through questionnaire and blood samples were analyzed for different blood parameters by automated hematology analyzer. While the two groups were matched in their age; body mass index was significantly higher in women with PCOs compared to the normal control. The investigated different hematological parameters (hemoglobin, RBCs, RDW, WBCs, platelets and MPV) showed no statistical difference between the women with PCOS and the controls.

Isolation and Identification of Aerobic Bacterial Pathogens from Blood Culture of Cancer Patients in Al-Zara Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan

Patients with cancer are particularly under risk of many microbial infections and even septicaemia due to the weakened immune system induced by Chemotherapy. This study was done to identify and isolate aerobic bacterial septicaemic pathogens among cancer patients. This study was performed in Radiation and Isotopes national Centre of Khartoum Hospital (previously Alzarra) during the period from September to November 2019. One Hundred Fifty blood samples were collected from cancer patients suspected to have septicemia. All samples where inculated in blood culture media and incubated aerobically. Upon detection of growth signs the bacterial isolates were subcultured and identified according to the Standard known procedure. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was done following CLSI guidelines, The study showed that Twenty two (14%) of the investigated samples were showed growth signs, while One hundred Twenty eight (86%) were showed no growth. After subculture on Blood agar, MacConky agar and Chocolate agar, all isolated pathogens were subjected to essential bacteriological biochemical tests and identified as E.coli (57.1%) , Klebsiella pneumonia (19%) ,Staphylococcus aureus( 9.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.8%) . Citrobacter Spp (4.8%) and Streptococcus pyogens (4.8%). Septicaemia in patients with cancer was mainly caused by E.coli in patients using chemotherapy. Further study with inclusion of more sample size and focusing on multidrug resistant isolates is essential to verify the current study results.

Laboratory finding of CSF analysis in patients with meningitis at Elamin Hamid Pediatrics Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan

Bacterial meningitis in infants and children is a serious clinical entity with signs and symptoms that commonly do not allow distinguishing the diagnosis and the causative agents. The only method to determine if meningitis is the cause of these symptoms is a lumbar puncture. Lumbar puncture is the gold standard for the diagnosis and should be done in all suspected cases of meningitis unless contraindicated. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the importance of the microbiological study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients suspected to have acute meningitis. Despite the availability of all other investigations and Imaging for diagnosis of meningitis but CSF analysis remains the most available, accurate, and cheaper for diagnosis of meningitis in children. Methodology and result: This is a prospective study. 71 patients were included. All patients were clinically suspected to have acute meningitis. A lumbar puncture for CSF analysis was done for all patients. The data was collected and analysed. CSF culture was done. The culture was negative In 58 patients (81.7%) and positive in 13 patients (18.3%). Streptococcus was found in 3 patients (4.2 %), staphylococcus epidermidis in 2 patients (2.8%), E Coli in 2 patients (2.8%), klebsiella in 2 patients (2.8%), pneumococci in 2 patient (2.8%), salmonella in 1 patient (1,4%) and Bacilli in 1 patient (1.4 %). Recommendation: Lumbar Puncture (LP) remains the easiest, cheapest and accurate investigation for diagnosis of meningitis in children mainly in rural areas in Sudan and other developing countries. It’s mandatory to offer training for doctors and medical staff for doing lumber punctures safely and accurately and to offer well-equipped laboratories for such essential investigations. It’s not only the role of doctors and medical staff but is a governmental obligation as well. This can save a lot of sick children and prevent mortality and morbidity of acute meningitis in children.

Laboratory finding of CSF analysis in patients with meningitis at Elamin Hamid Pediatrics Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan

Laboratory finding of CSF analysis in patients with meningitis at Elamin Hamid Pediatrics Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan