Hospital In Southern Nigeria Research Articles

Skin changes and dermatological life quality index in chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria.

Cutaneous changes commonly occur in chronic kidney disease (CKD), however, there is limited information on its effect on quality of life of these patients. This study determined the prevalence and pattern of skin changes in CKD patients and their effects on the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) of the patients. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved stages 3-5 CKD patients who were examined for skin changes. The effects of the observed skin changes on DLQI were assessed using the standardized DLQI questionnaire. One hundred and five CKD patients participated in the study consisting of 56 males and 49 females with a mean age of 51.93 ± 15.23 years. The prevalence of cutaneous changes was 94.3%. Common skin manifestations were pallor 99 (94.3%), hyperpigmentation 58 (55.2%), fluffy hair 55 (52.4%), Lindsay nails 48 (45.7%), and pruritus 44 (41.9%). The effect of dermatoses on DLQI was mild in 34 (32.4%), moderate in 13 (12.4%), and severe in 4 (3.8%).There was no significant association between dermatoses and CKD stage. There was significant positive correlation between DLQI scores and number of skin dermatoses (r = 0.522, P = <0.001), duration on maintenance hemodialysis (r = 322, P = 0.017). There was significant negative correlation between DQOL scores and packed cell volume (r = -0.232, P = 0.022). On multiple regression analysis, number of dermatoses was the only significant predictor of DLQI (P = <0.001). Skin changes occur commonly in CKD patients and significantly affected their DLQI. This study highlights the significant burden that skin changes add to CKD.

Survey of antimicrobial consumption in a university teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria

Background: There is increasing use of antimicrobial agents worldwide and especially in low- and middle-income countries. Point prevalence studies of antimicrobial consumption can be used to determine intervention areas for antimicrobial stewardship programs. This point prevalence study was conducted in preparation for antimicrobial stewardship program in our hospital. Methods: Data on antimicrobial consumption was collected from patients in the hospital during 4 weeks by hospital doctors. Data was entered into the Global Point Prevalence Survey internet-based application, downloaded, analyzed, and presented in frequencies and percentages. Results: Of 197 patients surveyed across 21 wards, 62.4% had one or more antimicrobial agents. Metronidazole was the most frequently prescribed agent, whereas cephalosporins were the most frequent class prescribed. Community-acquired infection was the most common indication for antimicrobial therapy, whereas skin and soft-tissue infections were the most common diagnosis. Reason for prescription was stated in notes of 61.4% of patients, whereas 34.8% had stop or review dates documented. There was no record of the use of biomarkers to guide antimicrobial treatment. Conclusion: There is a high antimicrobial prevalence in our institution with cephalosporins as the most frequently prescribed class of antimicrobials. Community-acquired infections are the most common indication for an antimicrobial prescription but are surpassed by medical and surgical prophylaxis combined. There is a need for clinicians in this institution to use guidelines and microbiology laboratory reports to guide antimicrobial prescribing to reduce the antimicrobial prevalence among patients.

Feeding Disorders in Children Attending the Neurology Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Feeding Disorders in Children Attending the Neurology Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Screening for Depressive Symptoms among Patients Attending Specialist Medical Outpatient Clinics in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of unrecognized depressive symptoms and its associated risk factors among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension attending medical outpatient clinics of a tertiary health centre in southern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess 200 randomly selected patients attending the clinics. Questionnaires were administered to obtain sociodemographic and medical history data. The perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to determine the presence of subjective psychological stress and PHQ-9 was used to screen for depression. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 54.9% with 16.5% categorised as having major depression. After adjusting for confounding variables, age younger than 60 years was associated with less odds of having depressive symptoms (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.17, 0.62; p=0.001), while only significant psychological stress increased the odds of having depressive symptoms (AOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.37, 5.64; p=0.005). The prevalence of depression among the study participants is high and has the potential to significantly impact the control of their disease and ultimately contribute to the high cardiovascular risk faced by this population.

Management of snakebite victims using low dose antisnake venom in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria: A 5-year Retrospective study

Objective : Antisnake venom (ASV) is a specific antidote for the management of snake bite envenomations. This study profiled the treatment and outcome of adult snake bite victims managed using low dose antisnake venom. Methods: This was a 5-year retrospective study that involved all adult patients who presented in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, with a history of snake bite. Information obtained were demographic characteristics, clinical features, and administered treatment per established. All patients with a diagnosis of snake bite envenomation were administered ASV. Results : Sixty patients were seen during the study period, 35(58.3%) males, 25(41.7%) females with a mean age was 34.7±13.3. The mean time from bite to presentation was 14.67±14.05 hours with range of 1- 48 hours. Twenty patients (33.3%) had snake bite envenomations, of these eleven (57.9%) were managed and discharged after administration of 30 to 40 mls of polyvalent ASV. The mean dose of PASV used was 3.9 ± 2.0 vials. The most encountered clinical indication for ASV administration was progressive painful swelling. No death was recorded throughout this period studied. Conclusion : Adoption of the low dose regimen in the management of snake bite envenomations may be as effective as the traditional high dose regimen. Key words: Snake bite, envenomation, polyvalent antisnake venom, Nigeria.

Comparative Evaluation of Serum Calcium and Magnesium Level in Preeclamptic and NonPreeclamptic Women in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Background: Calcium and magnesium are two micronutrients whose role in the development of preeclampsia has been investigated over the years. There is paucity of studies on the role of serum levels of calcium and magnesium in the development of preeclampsia in south-south Nigeria. Objective: Our study evaluated the serum level of calcium and magnesium in preeclamptic and non preeclamptic women in a Tertiary Hospital in southsouth Nigeria. Methodology: We carried out a comparative study in which 52 preeclamptic and 52 non preeclamptic women, who satisfied the eligibility criteria, were enrolled for the study. Data entry and statistical analysis was done using statistical software (IBM SPSS® for windows version 21.0). Data were analyzed for mean and standard deviation. Comparison of serum levels of elements between the two groups was performed by student t-test, and P value &lt; 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The serum calcium level was statistically lower in the women who developed preeclampsia compared to those who did not (8.37±0.91 mg/dl vs 9.33±1.15mg/dl, p&lt;0.001). The serum magnesium level was not statistically different between women who had preeclampsia and those who did not (1.79±0.24mg/dl vs 1.88±0.37mg/dl, p = 0.102). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a significant negative correlation with serum calcium level, unlike serum magnesiun level in those that had preeclampsia. Conclusion: This study showed that women who developed preeclampsia demonstrated reduced serum calcium level and no reduction in serum magnesium level. This study support the hypothesis that hypocalcaemia, unlike hypomagnecaemia, is a possible aetiology of preeclampsia.

Advanced glaucoma at presentation is associated with poor follow-up among glaucoma patients attending a tertiary eye facility in Southern Nigeria

ABSTRACTPurpose: Globally, particularly in Africa, poor compliance with medication is a major problem in glaucoma management but little is known about follow-up rates among African glaucoma patients. The aim of this study was to determine rates of follow-up among glaucoma patients attending a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria and investigate predictors of poor follow-up.Methods: Data were extracted from medical records of new glaucoma patients who attended the hospital between June 2011 and May 2013. Socio-demographic and clinical parameters (visual acuity; stage of glaucoma) recorded at diagnosis were extracted using a pre-tested form. Follow-up was defined as good if they had attended within 9 months of the study date, inadequate when the last follow-up was more than 9 months and failed if they did not attend any follow-up or the most recent visit was more than 14 months from the study date. Univariate and multivariable analyses were undertaken to explore predictors of poor follow-up (inadequate plus failed).Results: Three hundred forty-eight patients were recruited, 54% were male and the mean age was 52.7 (range 16–88) years. Follow-up was as follows: good 28.4%, inadequate 46.6%, failed 25%. Overall, 71.6% had poor follow-up. Independent predictors of poor follow-up were poorer visual acuity (OR 3.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–11.80 for visual impairment; OR 4.11, 95% CI 1.32–12.81 for blind) and end-stage glaucoma (OR 3.55 (1.31–9.62), p = 0.01).Conclusion: Enhanced counselling of patients with moderate to advanced glaucoma and visual impairment is required to improve follow-up and hence glaucoma management.

Prevalence of and risk factors for fetal malnutrition in term babies delivered at a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Introduction: Fetal malnutrition (FM) is a “clinical state of a baby of any birth weight, characterized by obvious intrauterine loss or failure to acquire normal amounts of subcutaneous fat and muscle mass, manifesting as wasting, shortfalls in weight, length and other anthropometric measurements.” It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with FM in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective hospital-based study, carried out at the labor Wards of a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria. Baby-mother pairs who met the inclusion criteria for the study were recruited consecutively. Relevant biodata was recorded, and babies' nutritional status was assessed using the Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status Score chart. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using standard statistical tools. Results: Of 300 newborns studied, 176 (58.7%) were male and 124 (41.3%) females with a male:female ratio of 1.4:1. The prevalence of FM was (16.7%). Babies with FM had significantly lower anthropometric indices (length, occipitofrontal circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference) than their counterparts (P = 0.00). Being small for gestational age and nonuse of at least one dose of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy were significantly associated with the occurrence of FM (P

Thyroid profile in nondialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones, which affects the concentration and activity of the hormones. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most common thyroid abnormality reported among patients with CKD and it has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to determine thyroid hormone levels and thyroid disorders among Nigerian nondialysis-dependent patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria. Nondialysis-dependent patients with CKD attending the renal outpatient clinic of the hospital were recruited over a period of 3 months. Control participants were recruited from healthy consenting hospital staff. Patients with known thyroid disease were excluded. Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were assayed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: Forty patients with CKD (26 men and 14 women) and 20 healthy adults (10 men and 10 women) were studied. The mean age of patients and controls were 54.9 ± 13 years and 44.7 ± 7.3 years, respectively. The mean T4 levels for patients and controls were 4.98 ± 1.23 μg/ml and 5.49 ± 1.06 μg/ml, respectively. The median (interquartile range) values of T3 and TSH for patients were 0.8 (0.7) ηg/ml and 2.6 (3.1) μIU/ml, while that of the controls were 1.85 (2.1) ηg/ml and 1.4 (3.1) μIU/ml. Overt biochemical hypothyroidism was seen in 22% of patients while 10% of patients had SCH. Conclusion: Overt biochemical hypothyroidism was more prevalent among nondialysis-dependent patients with CKD compared to SCH in this study. A larger population study should be performed to confirm this finding among Nigerian patients with CKD.

Medication use practices and inspection of returned pills during follow-up attendance at a tertiary care hypertension clinic in Nigeria

Background: Medication use practices in the treatment of hypertension (HTN) have been shown to determine outcomes. This study characterizes the profile of medication practices by hypertensive patients attending a tertiary health-care facility in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in the outpatient HTN clinic of a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria. Hypertensive patients seen during routine clinic visits were given the usual clinic instructions and requested to come with all medicines including herbal medications in their possession at their subsequent visits. A semi-structured observer-administered questionnaire was used to document all information sought and on medicines inspected. Data collected were analyzed and presented descriptively. Results: A total of 509 patients were recruited into the study (M:F ratio 1:2.2) aged 22–97 years. The mean(SD) number of all medicines used by the patients was 5.5 ± 2.While the mean(SD) number of antihypertensive medicines was 2.9 ± 1.3 with 75 patients (14.8%), 135 (26.6%), 144 (28.3%) and 154 (30.3%) on 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more antihypertensive medicines respectively. Calcium channel blocker was the most used antihypertensive medicine, 350 (68.8%). Of interest, was the use in 68 (13.4%) patients of unprescribed herbal medicines. A number of patients, i.e., 205 (40.2%) had discrepancy between their prescribed medicines and that presented to the clinic. This included the use of nonprescribed medicines, including analgesics (35%), vitamins (28.1%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (17.1%), and food supplements (6.8%). Conclusion: This study highlights the profile of antihypertensive medication use, revealing the significant use of nonprescribed medicines and factors likely to influence outcomes of therapy. It further underscores the importance of careful inspection during clinic attendance of all medication being taken by the patient.

Establishing an informal mutual support group for carers of mentally Ill Patients: An exploratory survey from Nigeria

Background/Objectives: There are few, if any, support groups in Nigeria serving the needs of carers of mentally ill persons. The purpose of this study was to assess the need for a support group among carers of outpatients at a neuropsychiatric hospital in southern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional one involving 120 respondents who had been primary carers for at least 6 months. Carers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and a 25-item carer survey questionnaire. Results: Responses from 106 participants were analyzed. The majority of carers were female (n = 60, 56%) and 60.3% were aged 31–60 years. Ninety-four (88.6%) participants reported some degree of stress in caring for the care recipient. Eighty-five participants (80.2%) reported a need for a support service, whereas 84 (79.2%) were interested in joining a group that would enhance their caring role. A carer being female and a subjective need for some form of support were significantly associated with interest in joining a carer group (P

Photodermatoses in the Nigerian albino: A study in an urban hospital in southern Nigeria

Introduction: The tropical sunshine is deleterious to the albino skin predisposing their melanin deficient skin to lentigenes, dermatoheliosis, actinic keratosis, and skin cancers. Many of them die in the early adulthood or middle age from cutaneous malignancy. We determined the prevalence and types of photodermatoses and their relationship with sun protective methods in people living with albinism in Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved 73 albinos and 73 age and sex-matched controls. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and relevant information on sociodemographics, history of dermatological problems, and use of sun protection methods were obtained. Diagnosis of photodermatoses was made on clinical grounds, and dermatoscopic evaluation and skin biopsy punches were utilized where applicable to boost diagnostic accuracy. Results: The mean ages for the albino population and their controls were 24 ± 11 years and 24 ± 11 years, respectively (P = 0.994). The male:female ratio of both groups was 1:1.3 The prevalence of photodermatoses in the albino population vs. control was 57 (78.1%) vs. 7 (9.6%) (P≥0.001). The observed photodermatoses in albino population were solar lentigenes 46 (63.0%), photoaging 33 (45.2%), actinic keratosis 22 (28.6%), sun burn 12 (16.3%), and skin cancers 9 (12.3%). Photodermatoses in the albinos, occurred more frequently in those who did not use sun screens and this finding was statistically significant for solar lentigenes (P = 0.038). The spectrum of photodermatoses seen in the controls included exogenous ochronosis 6 (8.2%) and polymorphic light eruptions 1 (1.4%). Conclusion: Photodermatoses are highly prevalent in albinos. The common types were solar lentigenes, photoaging, and actinic keratosis. Photodermatoses are more common in albinos, who do not use sun protection.

Tracking stillbirths by referral pattern and causes in a rural tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria.

The burden of stillbirth is disproportionately more in rural areas of developing countries where unskilled birth attendants contribute a large quota in the management of pregnant women. Tracking stillbirth should include the pattern of referral from the primary institutions that take care of these women. This study evaluated the causes and determinants of stillbirth by the referral pattern in a rural area in southern Nigeria. This was a retrospective case-controlled study of stillbirth at the Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele, from 2010 to 2014. The lying-in, delivery and theatre registers were used to extract the relevant information. For each stillbirth, two controls were selected which were live births. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The confidence interval was 95% set at value of P = 0.05. During the study, a total of 1243 neonates were delivered at the hospital, the number of live births and stillbirths were 1025 and 218, respectively. This gives a stillbirth rate of 175/1000 deliveries. Only 179 neonates whose case files were retrieved were used in the analysis. There were 87 fresh and 92 macerated stillbirths. Intrapartum complications contributed 91 (51.40%) of the stillbirths with traditional birth attendants and maternity homes contributing 72%. Determinants include booking status, educational level, abruptio placentae, preeclampsia, ruptured uterus, prolonged labor and low birthweight. The study showed an unacceptably high rate of stillbirth in rural Nigeria. Early recognition of complications and prompt referral may reduce stillbirth rate.

Hematological profile of predialysis chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with variable changes in the hematological parameters. Anemia is the most common abnormality, however, both number and function of white cells and platelets may be affected. These abnormalities are associated with poor overall clinical outcome. This study assessed the hematologic profile of pre-dialysis CKD subjects and associated factors. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that assessed and compared the hematologic profile in 100 pre-dialysis CKD subjects and 90 healthy controls. P value of Results: Mean age of the CKD and control subjects were 49 ± 14 years and 52 ± 13 years respectively. Ninety (90%) of CKD subjects had anaemia, significantly higher than 26(28.8%) in the control group (P = 0.000). The proportion of CKD subjects with leukocytosis was significantly higher than the control subjects (P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the proportion of CKD and control subjects with thrombocytopenia (P = 0.64). The mean cell volume was significantly lower in the CKD group compared to the control subjects (P = 0.000) . Severity of anaemia was significantly associated with CKD stage (P = 0.000) but not with etiology (P = 0.27). Conclusion: Anaemia was highly prevalent in our pre-dialysis CKD patients and was significantly associated with CKD stage. White cell count was also significantly higher in the CKD subjects and this may reflect increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Determinants and Relationship between Prenatal Perceived Maternal Family Social Support and pre-term birth in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Determinants and Relationship between Prenatal Perceived Maternal Family Social Support and pre-term birth in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase, AmpC β-Lactamase and Metallo-β-Lactamase Among Gram Negative Bacilli Recovered From Clinical Specimens in Benin City, Nigeria

Background: Multidrug resistant bacteria continue to be a bane in the treatment of clinical infections in Nigeria. Knowledge of trends in resistance mechanisms is vital in determining available therapeutic options. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing gram negative bacteria (GNB) recovered from clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 309 consecutive non-repetitive clinical bacterial isolates were recovered from various clinical specimens. The presence of ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase and MBL as well as the susceptibility profiles were determined using standard microbiological techniques. Results: ESBL was the most prevalent (P < 0.0001) of the 3 enzymes detected in this study. Bacterial isolates recovered from inpatients had a higher likelihood of producing ESBL than those recovered from out-patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.225, 95% CI = 1.375, 3.599; P = 0.0015). The highest prevalence of ESBL, AmpC and MBL enzyme was observed for Providencia species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter species respectively. β-Lactamase positive isolates showed poor activity against cephalosporin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, gentamicin and the fluoroquinolones. Isolates that produced any of the three β-lactamase enzymes showed more resistance to antibacterial drugs than β-lactamase negative bacterial isolates. Conclusion: A prevalence of 41.7%, 15.2% and 28.5% was observed for ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase and MBL respectively in this study. Isolates that produced any of the enzymes were more resistant to antibacterial agents. Prudence in antibiotic use is strongly advocated.

Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among road traffic accident victims managed in a Tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria.

Psychological responses to traumatic events vary widely across different cultures but studies in the developing countries are scant. The objective of this study is to determine prevalence of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among patients involved in road traffic accident (RTA) compared with that of the general population using a matched control group. The study design was case control and employed the convenient sampling technique. All consecutive attendees of the trauma clinic of a Tertiary Hospital who had been involved in RTA in the previous year and met inclusion criteria were recruited to participate in the study. Controls were drawn from patient relatives attending other clinics in the same hospital. The final sample comprised of 46 cases and controls, totaling 92 participants. A Sociodemographic questionnaire, the PTSD, and depression modules of the Mini International neuropsychiatric interview were administered to both groups by trained research assistants. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. The prevalence of PTSD among cases was 41.3% compared with 13% among controls, whereas the prevalence of depression among cases was 63% compared with 30.4% among the controls. Both of these findings were statistically significant (P < 0.002). Sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, marital status, religion, level of education, and occupation did not have statistically significant relationship with neither PTSD nor depression. Mental disorders such as PTSD and depression are common in victims of RTA. They would benefit from comanagement with mental health specialists.

Malnutrition in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in a teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria.

Malnutrition is a complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) known to affect quality of life and prognosis although not often diagnosed. It is associated with rapid progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality. Early identification and treatment will slow down progression to ESRD and mortality. To determine the prevalence and pattern of malnutrition in pre-dialysis CKD patients in Southern Nigeria. One hundred and twenty consecutive pre-dialysis CKD and 40 control subjects without CKD were studied. Data obtained from participants were demographics, body mass index (BMI), and aetiology of CKD. Indices used to assess presence of malnutrition were low BMI, hypocholesterolaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Statistical significance was taken at 0.05 level. The mean age of the CKD subjects was 48.8±16.6years with a male: female ratio of 1.7:1. Prevalence of malnutrition in the CKD subjects was 46.7%, higher than 27.5% observed in the controls (p=0.033). Prevalence of malnutrition increased significantly across CKD stages 2 to 5 (p=0.020). It was significantly commoner in elderly patients (p=0.047) but not significantly different between males and females(p=0.188). Malnutrition is common in pre-dialysis CKD patients even in early CKD stages. Prevalence of malnutrition increases with worsening kidney function and increasing age.

Lipid profile in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in southern Nigeria.

Dyslipidaemia is one of the cardiovascular risk factors responsible for cardiovascular disease and rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end stage renal disease. Early detection and management of dyslipidaemia will reduce cardiovascular burden and retard progression of CKD. To determine the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia in pre-dialysis CKD patients in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria. This was a case-control study that involved 105 consecutive pre-dialysis CKD patients recruited over two years and 105 age and sex matched control subjects. Data obtained from participants included demographics, body mass index, and aetiology of CKD. Blood sampling was done for the determination of creatinine and fasting serum lipids. P values < 0.05 were taken as significant. The mean age of the CKD and control subjects were 46.98±16.81 and 47.57±15.97 years respectively with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The median atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly higher in the CKD patients while mean high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower in the CKD patients (p=<0.001). The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia in the CKD patients was 60% which was significantly higher than 39% in the control (p=0.002). The prevalence of high AIP, elevated TG and reduced HDL-C increased with worsening renal function. Dyslipidaemia was commoner in female CKD patients (p=0.02) and those who were ≥ 45years (p=0.94). Dyslipidaemia is common in pre-dialysis CKD especially in female and older patients. Some lipid abnormalities increased with worsening kidney function.

Influence of Culturally-based Abdominal Massage and Antenatal Care Uptake among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Influence of Culturally-based Abdominal Massage and Antenatal Care Uptake among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria