Hospitals In Makkah Research Articles

Knowledge of complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients visiting the Diabetes Centers in the Western Region of KSA

Background: To reduce morbidity and mortality, awareness regarding diabetes and its complications is necessary. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding complications of diabetes mellitus among patients with type 2 diabetes in the Western Region of KSA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted recruiting patients with diabetes from the Diabetes Centers at Prince Mansoor Military Hospital in Taif and Al-Noor, Hera hospital in Makkah. Overall, 571 patients with diabetes were enrolled in this study. The interviewer filled out a pretested questionnaire with face-to-face interviews. Levels of knowledge were determined by calculating the scores. Results: (n=570) agreed to be included in the study. We found that over seventy-six percent of the participants were knowledgeable about diabetes complications, as conveyed by their treating physician. Although knowledge about hyperglycemia symptoms was quite good among our participants, their knowledge about hypoglycemia symptoms was less impressive. Knowledge about diabetes complications was affected positively by a range of factors, including living in Taif, college education, and family history of diabetes. Discussion: We confirmed, in this work, that knowledge about diabetes complications is suboptimum, superficial, and lacking among Saudi patients. Recommendations: Knowledge about diabetes complications remains suboptimum among Saudi individuals. Makkah city needs to be targeted by effective educational interventions to help improve its residents’ knowledge level about diabetes complications. Educational interventions should focus on systematic complications of diabetes, particularly highlighting how diabetes causes cerebrovascular accidents and neurological problems. Future research should be longitudinal and attempt to assess the link between better knowledge of diabetes complications and their preventability. Key words: Knowledge, diabetes complications, risk factors, Saudi Arabia.

Assessing The Impact Of Abusive Supervision On Counterproductive Work Behavior Among Healthcare Workers

Background: Abusive supervision is the subordinates’ perceptions of the extent to which their supervisors engage in the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Also, abusive supervision hurts the organization causing lower levels of satisfaction, commitment, and counterproductive work behavior. Aim: Assessing Healthcare workers' perception level regarding abusive supervision, assessing the level of Healthcare workers' counterproductive work behavior, and finding out the influence of perceived abusive supervision on counterproductive work behavior among Healthcare workers. Research design: A descriptive correlational study design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at the Saudi German Hospital in Makkah, KSA. Subjects: (171) HCWs out of (300 participated in the study. Tools of data collection: Abusive supervision scale and counterproductive work behavior scale. Results: The majority (94%) of the studied participants perceived a high level of abusive supervision, and only 2% of them perceived a low level of abusive supervision from their supervisors. Also, less than two-thirds of them (65%) had moderate counterproductive work behavior, while only (15%) of the study participants had high levels. Conclusion: There was a strong positive relation between Healthcare workers' perceived abusive supervision and their counterproductive work behavior. Recommendations: healthcare managers must take corrective disciplinary approaches, actions, and strategies against supervisory abusive behavior and counterproductive behavior. Healthcare managers have to provide the employees with a favorable healthy professional work environment, which helps to overcome any counterproductive work behaviors.

Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in Makkah Region Hospitals: A Regional Point Prevalence Survey of Public Hospitals.

(1) Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials and subsequently rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major public health priority. Over-prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics is one of the main contributing factors for the emergence of AMR. We sought to describe antimicrobial prescribing trends among patients in public hospitals in Makkah hospitals. (2) Method: We undertook a point prevalence survey (PPS) in six hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, from January 2019 to July 2019. The survey included all the inpatients receiving antimicrobials on the day of PPS. Data was collected using the Global point prevalence survey (PPS) tool developed by the University of Antwerp, Belgium. (3) Results: Of 710 hospitalized patients, 447 patients (61.9%) were treated with one or more antimicrobials during the study period. The average bed occupancy among six hospitals was 74.4%. The majority of patients received antimicrobials parenterally (90.3%). Of the total prescribed antimicrobials, 415 (53.7%) antimicrobials were used in medical departments, 183 (23.7%) in surgical departments, and 175 (22.6%) in ICUs. Pneumonia (17.3%), skin and soft tissue infections (10.9%), and sepsis (6.6.%) were three common clinical indications. Ceftriaxones were the most commonly used antibiotics that were prescribed in 116 (15%) of patients, followed by piperacillin, with an enzyme inhibitor in 84 (10.9%). (4) Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of antibiotic use in the hospitals of Makkah, which could be a potential risk factor for the incidence of resistant strains, particularly MRSA infection. Public health decision-makers should take these findings into consideration to update national policies for antibiotic use in order to reduce the risks of further increases of AMR.

DETERMINANTS OF ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN MAKKAH CITY, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Background: Adherence of hemodialysis patients to medical instructions is considered crucial for a longer life expectancy and better quality of life. There is solid evidence that non-adherence to end-stage renal disease patients correlates with morbidity and mortality, is the norm for dialysis patients rather than the exception, multiple factors influence it and inconsistencies exist in findings of the relationships between risk factors and non-adherence. Despite the importance of this topic, there is remarkable paucity in the studies which identify factors associated with non-adherence in hemodialysis patients in Saudi Arabia. Aims and Objectives: The current study aims at ameliorating the adverse consequences of non-adherence among hemodialysis patients through providing scientific background and a better understanding of the factors associated with non-adherence. The objectives of this study were to determine factors related to non-adherence to fluid, diet, medication, and hemodialysis sessions among hemodialysis patients in Makkah city. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional one, where a sample of 361 hemodialysis patients was selected randomly from hemodialysis centers in three governmental hospitals in Makkah in order to determine factors related to their non-adherence to treatment by using an end-stage renal disease-adherence questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) in addition to clinical examination and laboratory investigation for other data. Results: Younger (<30 years), unmarried, non-Saudis, those with chronic diseases other than hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and those with long dialysis duration (60+ months) were found more likely to be non-adherent to fluid. Females patients and those with short dialysis duration (<60 months) were found more likely to be non-adherent to diet and medications, respectively. Conclusion: Patients who had factors associated with non-adherence deserve special attention and support to improve their adherence behavior. The findings from this study can be used as a base for designing an intervention aimed to increase the adherence to treatment in end-stage renal disease patients who are undergoing hemodialysis in order to decrease the direct and indirect costs that appear as a consequence of non-adherence.

Factors motivating nurses to work during Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia

Context: Every year the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia announces the opening of applications to those who wish to work on Hajj. A certain number of applicants are nominated, yet many nurses continue to apply to participate during Hajj ever year. Although nurses are under great work pressure during Hajj, many nurses still apply for the approval to participate in Hajj. Aims: The aim of this study is to identify the motivations of nurses to work during Hajj. Furthermore, to explore the motivations that lead nurses to participate in the Hajj season and to explore the challenges faced during the Hajj season. Settings and Design: The study used a descriptive qualitative study design. Twelve nurses participated in this study from Mina hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: In-depth semi-structured interview with 12 nurses. Data were collected from November 2020 to January 2021. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis. Results: This study showed four themes motivating nurses to participate in Hajj: taking part in Hajj is an honor and they are proud of it; great rewards will be received from ALLAH; team spirit; and the fact that it is a good experience. This study also showed two of challenges that nurses face in Hajj which are pilgrims' low awareness and language barriers. Conclusions: The stakeholder should consider these themes and reinforce them to show to all nurses, as this may increase the quality of the applicants asking to work as nurses in Hajj.

Etiology of end-stage renal disease amongst hemodialysis patients in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia

In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased rates of hospital admission, morbidity, and mortality. Globally, the most common causes of ESRD are diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, infections, and chronic obstruction. However, very limited data have been presented regarding the etiology of ESRD in Saudi Arabia, especially in Makkah City. Therefore, this cross-sectional study is designed to determine the underlying etiologies of ESRD in hemodialysis patients. The study was conducted among 306 patients who were recruited from Makkah hospitals and HD centers. The obtained data showed that diabetes was the most common cause of ESRD (34.3%), followed by hypertension (20.9%), drug misuse (12.1%), hereditary conditions (10.1%), urinary tract obstruction, and urinary retention (9.8%), unknown reason (8.2%), and chronic inflammation of the kidneys (3.3%). In conclusion, this study highlights the most important factors contributing to ESRD in the Makkah region. Thus, national campaigns should be performed to increase awareness about these factors and to possibly reduce the incidence of the disease.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The prevalence of aminoglycoside-resistant genes in Gram-negative bacteria in tertiary hospitals

The emergence of resistant bacteria to aminoglycosides in pathogenic Gram-negative bacilli is a growing concern. The study identifies the prevalence of genes encoding resistance to aminoglycoside in Gram-negative bacterial infections in tertiary hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A stock of 246 clinical isolates were tested for aminoglycoside resistance using phenotypic and genotypic techniques. Of the 246 isolates, resistance rates against tobramycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin and streptomycin were 35%, 34.1%, 33%, 32.5%, 32.1% and 31.3%, respectively. The maximum resistance rates against other antibiotics was seen in cefotaxime (48.0%) followed by amoxicillin clavulanic acid (41.5%) and ciprofloxacin (24.8%). PCR results confirmed the existence of one or more aminoglycoside-resistant genes in 69 (28%) isolates. The rmtD was the highest-detected gene (58.0%), followed by aac(6′)-Ib (56.5%), aac(3)-II (52.2%), rmtB (52.2%), rmtA (3) (43.5%), and aph(3′)-Ia (42.0%). There was significant association (p < 0.05) between aac(3)-II resistance gene and the type of isolate. Our study demonstrates the existence of aminoglycoside-resistant genes in (28%) of the isolates, mostly in K. pneumonia and E. coli, the rmtD gene was the most predominant. Multiple drug-resistant monitoring must be continuous through the identification of genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides to implement effective measures to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Impact of COVID-19 on the rate of stroke cases at a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACTObjectives:To assess and quantify the impact COVID-19 has had thus far on ischemic stroke admission rate and severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score) at a single tertiary center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.Methods:This is a retrospective analysis performed on admitted cases with definitive final diagnoses of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke at King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah between January 1, 2020 and July 2020.Results:Sixty-nine patients were included in our study, 41 of whom presented at our facility before the pandemic and 29 during the pandemic. No statistical significance was observed between rate of admission, stroke severity, and rate of thrombolysis before the COVID-19 pandemic and after the outbreak. We observed a reduction of mean arrival time after the pandemic began, as well as a reduction of hospital stay days.Conclusion:A 29% reduction of admission secondary to acute ischemic stroke was noted during the pandemic. However, COVID-19 did not affect acute stroke care at our institute. The study is limited because of its small sample size, as we assessed just one medical center.

Investigating the Incidence, Diagnosis, Prevention and Management of Statin-Induced Adverse Effects

Statin therapy reduces mortality associated with cardiovascular disease by preventing myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Despite the proven benefits of statins in this context, there is growing concern among patients and physicians regarding the safety of their short- and long-term use and adverse side effects, particularly muscle toxicity. As a result, nonadherence and withdrawal from treatment occur. This study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of statin use in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adults and the elderly by examining the incidence, diagnosis, prevention, and management of statin-induced adverse effects. A cross-sectional study of 350 patients using statins was conducted at King Abdulaziz and Hera’a General Hospital in Makkah. Data were retrieved from medical records and analyzed using SPSS software. The mean age of the sample population was 62±12 years old. Nearly 60% of patients had comorbidities, such as diabetes. However, statin treatment significantly decreased the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein. Additionally, high-density lipoprotein levels were increased significantly, especially in patients with diabetes, indicating lower cardiovascular risk. The 2019 data showed that a high prevalence of patients used statin therapy. However, more than half of these patients achieved the low density lipoprotein treatment target. These results emphasize effective monitoring by physicians and patient adherence to the medications.

Determining Variations in Access to Public Hospitals in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A GIS-Based Approach

Background: Variation in gaining accessibility to public hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, has not been investigated before. Good access to public health facility will lead to improvements in the population’s health. Maps and geographical information system (GIS) technology can provide assistance to address public health coverage issues. Aims: This study aimed to use GISs to identify spatial accessibility to hospitals in Makkah, based on the radius and drive-time analysis technique. Method: Using Quantum GIS (QGIS), a geodatabase was created to include 8 public hospitals’ locations and data of population distribution across the city. Buffer zones at 2.5, 5, 7, and 10 km radius from the public hospitals were identified and examined. Results: The findings revealed that most of the health facilities across the suburbs of Makkah were located in urban areas, while rural and remote areas were neglected. Conclusion: Public health facilities were distributed relative to high population density. One-third of the city’s population does not have proper access to healthcare services.

Frequency and determinants of mild cognitive impairment among diabetic type II patients attending a secondary care hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Frequency and determinants of mild cognitive impairment among diabetic type II patients attending a secondary care hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses towards Infection Control Practices during Hajj Season at Tertiary Care Hospital in City of Makkah

Infection prevention and control is required to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases in all health care settings. Every health care worker plays a vital part in helping to minimize the risk of health care-associated infections. Aim of the study: This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, skills and attitude of nurses towards infection control practices during Hajj at Tertiary Care Hospital in Makkah. Research design: Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional correlational research design. Setting: The study was conducted at one of the tertiary care hospitals in Makkah. Sample: A convenient sample of (82) nurses assigned in different units. Tools of data collection: In the collection of data, validated self-made questionnaire was uploaded thru “Monkey Survey” and sent to the participants and data were analyzed using Kruder Richardson for the level of knowledge, and Cronbach alpha for the level of skills and attitude with its reliability testing. Result: The study revealed that nurses had a very good knowledge and having very positive attitude, which is a good indicator that infection control practices at tertiary care hospital in Makkah have been observed. Conclusion and Recommendations: Nurses are expected to actively participate in training or seminars related to infection control practices to acquire more knowledge, develop their skills and improve their attitude in handling with hospital wastes particularly sharps, and proper segregation of linen with commitment to follow the "5 Moments of Hand Hygiene" and appropriate use of PPE.

Correlates of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes that can cause visual impairment. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the determinants of DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the diabetic center at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of type 2 diabetic patients registered at the diabetic center at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital. Data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Grading of DR was done by slit-lamp examination and colored fundus photographs. Descriptive analysis included frequency and percentage for categorical variables, and mean, median, standard deviation (SD), and interquartile range, for continuous variables. Chi-square test used to test for association between two categorical variables; Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate employed to compare continuous variable between two groups. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify correlates of DR after controlling for confounders.RESULTS:The study comprised 251 type 2 diabetic patients aged between 28 and 80 years, with an arithmetic mean of 56.8 and standard deviation of ±9.9 years. The prevalence of DR was 54.6%; mild nonproliferative (NP) type was present in 52.6% of the patients with DR, whereas severe NP type was present in 15.3% of them; the proliferative type was present in only 4.4% of those with DR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients who had had diabetes for a 11 to 16 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.52, P = 0.035), patients who did not take daily medications on time (AOR = 9.75, P = 0.008), patients who did not go for fundus examination annually (AOR = 3.62, P = 0.011), and patients with uncontrolled diabetes (AOR = 12.18, P < 0.001) were at higher significant risk for DR. Patients not treated with insulin were 70% less likely to develop DR (AOR = 0.30, P = 0.015). An increase of one unit in body mass index was significantly associated with increase in the probability of developing DR by 11% (AOR = 1.11, P = 0.024).CONCLUSION:DR is very prevalent in type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic center at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah Al-Mukarramah; particularly the mild NP type.

Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among surgical doctors at Makkah hospitals, KSA

Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among surgical doctors at Makkah hospitals, KSA

A Survey of the Perception of Female Surgical Residents of Their Training in the Examination of Male Genitalia in Makkah Hospitals, KSA

A Survey of the Perception of Female Surgical Residents of Their Training in the Examination of Male Genitalia in Makkah Hospitals, KSA

FACTORS AFFECTING NON-ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT OF HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN MAKKAH CITY, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Background: Adherence of hemodialysis patients to medical instructions is considered crucial for a longer life expectancy and better quality of life. There is solid evidence that non-adherence of end-stage renal disease patients correlates with morbidity and mortality, is the norm for dialysis patients rather than the exception, multiple factors influence it and inconsistencies exist in findings of the relationships between risk factors and non-adherence. Despite the importance of this topic, there is remarkable paucity in the studies which identify factors associated with non-adherence in hemodialysis patients in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: To determine factors related to non-adherence to fluid, diet, medication, and hemodialysis sessions among hemodialysis patients in Makkah. Materials and Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional one, where a sample of 361 hemodialysis patients was selected randomly from hemodialysis centers in three governmental hospitals in Makkah in order to determine factors related to their non-adherence to treatment by using an end-stage renal disease-adherence questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) in addition to clinical examination and laboratory investigation for other data. Results: Younger (&lt;30 years), unmarried, non-Saudis, those with chronic diseases other than hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and those with long dialysis duration (60+ months) were found more likely to be non-adherent to the fluid. Females patients and those with short dialysis duration (&lt;60 months) were found more likely to be non-adherent to diet and medications, respectively. Conclusion: Patients who had factors associated with non-adherence deserve special attention and support to improve their adherence behavior. The findings from this study can be used as a base for designing an intervention aimed to increase the adherence to treatment in end-stage renal disease patients who are undergoing hemodialysis in order to decrease the direct and indirect cost that appear as a consequence of non-adherence.

Prevalence and Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Background and ObjectivesTuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB has further complicated the situation in the form of poor treatment outcomes and costs to individuals and health-care systems. We therefore aimed to measure the prevalence and associated risk factors of MDR TB among TB patients in Makkah city.Patients and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, a public-sector hospital in Makkah. We included records of 158 confirmed TB patients from the list of all patients admitted in the hospital from January 2009 to January 2019 by systematic random sampling. Data were collected on socio-demographics, clinical profile and drug resistance patterns. Analysis was done in SPSS version 21.0.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 43.4 ± 18.7 years, and two-thirds (66.5%) were male. About 40% of the patients had chronic disease while lung disease other than TB was present in 5% patients. About 13% of cases were extrapulmonary infections. Prevalence of drug resistance was found to be 17.1% among TB patients. Among the resistant cases, streptomycin (25.9%) and isoniazid (11.1%) were the drugs most commonly affected by resistance. Prevalence of MDR TB was 5% among TB patients. Age, smoking, lung disease and previous TB were significant factors associated with MDR TB.ConclusionPrevalence of MDR TB, although comparable to current national estimates, is higher compared to previous reports. There is a need to reduce this burden through strengthening TB control programs to prevent further emergence of a public health threat of MDR TB. History of previous TB was the strongest risk factor in this study. This calls physicians, program managers and policy makers to focus on counselling and support of TB patients for compliance with the regimen to complete treatment without interruption.

The Prevalence and Determinants of GDM among Pregnant Women’s in Obstetric Clinics at MCH Makkah City 2019

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) used to be defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. It is associated with maternal and fetal complications. Screening for GDM and its risk factors is essential for the early diagnosis and management. Recently, the definition has evolved to distinguish women whose condition is a transient manifestation of pregnancy-related insulin resistance from those with probable preexisting diabetes that is first recognized during pregnancy. The physiological and hormonal change during pregnancy can lead to increase insulin resistance and production of glucose, if pancreas cannot secrete sufficient insulin to maintain blood glucose can cause impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes. Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of GDM among pregnant women's in the obstetric clinics in MCH at Makkah city. Methodology: analytic cross sectional study was conducted among (147) pregnant women who attend obstetric clinics in the one-month using the simple has been random technique using random table generator. Maternal and children's hospital is the biggest hospital in Makkah and has 3 clinic per day. Results: A total of (170) participated in the study. Regarding age of these Only(46.5%)of the participated were(>35)years, the weight(current) the data ranged from(40to136)by mean +SD(72.905±16.167). While the weight before pregnancy the data ranged from (39to1727)by mean +SD(67.985±15.082). The age a significant relation between diabetic mellitus and age were P-value=0.001and X2(8.860) increase in >35years answer YES were(71.4%). Gravida show a significant relation between diabetic mellitus were P-value=0.036 and X2(10.255) increase in more than 4 answer YES were (57.1%). the gravida/para/abortus (GPA) results show a significant relation between diabetic mellitus and GPA were P-value=0.026 and X2(11.008) increase in zero answer NO were (64.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of of GDM among pregnant women's in obstetric clinics at MCH Makkah city 2019 was high. Previous history of GDM, antenatal family history of diabetes, low physical activity, overweight and/or obesity and inadequate dietary diversity were significantly associated with GDM. Routine screening of pregnant women and healthy lifestyle are strongly recommended.

Physicians' job satisfaction, ethics and burnout in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

To investigate the frequency of job satisfaction, burnout and ethics among physicians across specialties with varied levels of experience and seniority, in hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. From April-May 2016, job satisfaction, burnout and ethics were assessed in 136 physicians across specialties from six government hospitals in Makkah. Data collection was via a self administered questionnaire. SPSS was used to obtain the likelihood ratio chi-square for all categorical bivariate statistical analyses. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. A total of 136 physicians participated in the study. Ninety five (70%) physicians were male and 41(30%) were female. Medical specialties varied between genders. There was no significant difference by gender, in job satisfaction among sphysicians (p-value 0.99). However, a high level of burnout was statistically significant among physicians (51%, p-value <0.001) and the level of burnout was significantly higher among physicians willing to change their specialty compared to those willing to repeat it (50% vs. 24%, p-value 0.02). Physicians dissatisfied with their salary had double the scores of ethics compared to satisfied physicians. Female physicians were better at resolving ethical dilemmas. :This study provided the first evidence of high frequency of burnout and career choice regret among physicians working in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Preventing physician burnout not only improves the quality of healthcare but also ensures patient safety.

Assessment of Parents’ Knowledge and Attitudes on Emergency Management of Permanent Avulsed Teeth in Western Saudi Arabia

Objective:One of the most common dental injuries is dental avulsion. This study, conducted in the western region of Saudi Arabia, aimed to evaluate parent’s knowledge and attitudes regarding the emergency management of avulsed permanent and deciduous teeth in children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 393 parents recruited from six dental clinics and hospitals in Makkah and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire that assesses the level of knowledge for managing deciduous and permanent avulsed teeth.Results:The total score for correct answers about managing permanent avulsed teeth had a mean of 4.77 and a standard deviation of 2.14 (out of 10 questions). With a permanent avulsed tooth, 35.37% were aware of dental reimplanting, 27.7% identified milk as an appropriate medium, and 57.5% would seek professional help immediately after dental trauma. Females and participants with a bachelor’s or higher degree had significantly higher levels of knowledge than males and participants with a high school or lower education. There were 28.5% of respondents who had a previous history of dental trauma for a child. A total of 62.1% knew that there is a difference in managing deciduous versus permanent teeth, but only 40.7% knew the proper management for deciduous avulsed teeth. Previous history of child dental avulsion was not found to be associated with more knowledge on managing avulsed deciduous or permanent teeth.Conclusion:Parents in the western region of Saudi Arabia have inadequate levels of knowledge to manage deciduous and permanent tooth avulsion. More efforts should be applied for conducting promotional health campaigns aimed at improving parents’ knowledge.