Hormone In Men Research Articles

Evaluation of Vitamin B₁₂, Folate, Haematological Parameters and Some Reproductive Hormones in Subjects Attending Fertility Centres in Port Harcourt

Background: Vitamin B12 has proven to have effect in fertility because it improves mature oocyte counts and embryo quality in women and helps in sperm quality in men, so it is efficient to carry out vitamin B12 analysis in addition to other hormone profile during routine infertility examination.
 Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin B12, folate, some haematological parameters and some reproductive hormones in men and women attending fertility centres in Port Harcourt.
 Study Design: This study is a case-control and comparative study, and a random convenient sampling method was employed. A total of two hundred (200) apparently healthy participants within the reproductive age group of 18-44 years attending the fertility clinics of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) Port Harcourt formerly Braithwaite Memorial Hospital (BMH) which is the only State Government owned teaching hospital in Rivers State located at Forces Avenue Port Harcourt and Save a Life Mission Hospital Port Harcourt a private owned fertility hospital located at Stadium Road, Port Harcourt were recruited for this study.
 Results: The result showed that there was no statistically significant difference in haematological parameters in cases of infertility in the female and male test groups as compared to control groups (p>0.05). The mean ±SD showed non-significant difference of serum folate in the male and female test and control groups of the study (p>0.05). This study however observed Vitamin B12 level to be statistically significantly lower in infertile females when compared with the controls (p=0.0078). There was also a statistically significant difference between the mean values of Vitamin B12 in the male test and control groups of this study (p<0.0001). Prolactin levels in the females showed a significant difference between the test and control group at (p<0.0001), with the mean (± SD) value higher in the test than the control which shows that the infertile female group were mostly having high prolactin levels. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly lower in infertile female group as compared with the control (p<0.0001). In the study carried out on the principal reproductive male hormone testosterone there was a statistically significant difference between the test and control groups (p<0.0001).
 Conclusion: There was a significant fall in vitamin B12 alongside predominant fertility hormones like testosterone in the infertile male subjects. There was also significant reduction in the serum concentration of vitamin B12 with a corresponding fall in serum concentration of fertility hormones like; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the infertile females and a significant rise in the concentration of the female prolactin level. Therefore, Vitamin B12 should be included in the evaluation of infertility either primary or secondary alongside other vital conventional parameters usually considered in infertility cases.

Associations between body shape across the life course and adulthood concentrations of sex hormones in men and pre- and postmenopausal women: a multicohort study.

The objective was to investigate associations between life-course adiposity and sex hormone concentrations: trajectory of adiposity from age 5 to 40 (premenopausal)/60 (postmenopausal women and men) in relation to levels of oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulins (SHBG), testosterone in 4801 premenopausal and 6019 postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS II, and 2431 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We used group-based trajectory models to identify groups within each cohort based on recalled somatotypes and reported BMI. Multivariate linear regression models were used to compare sex hormone concentration across different trajectory groups. The mean age at blood draw was 64·1 ± 8·1 years for men, 59·4 ± 6·0 for postmenopausal and 44·1 ± 4·6 for premenopausal women. In men, compared with the medium-stable group, lean-marked increase and medium increase groups had lower levels of SHBG (percentage difference: -17 and -9 %) and testosterone (-15 and -13 %). In postmenopausal women, compared with the medium-stable group, lean-marked increase and medium increase groups had higher levels of E1 (21 and 34 %) and E2 (45 and 68 %) but lower level of SHBG (-29 and -35 %). In premenopausal women, compared with the lean-moderate increase group, medium-stable/increase and heavy-stable/increase groups had lower levels of SHBG (-6 and -28 %). Attained adulthood adiposity and middle-life weight gain were associated with lower SHBG and testosterone in men, higher E1 and E2 and lower SHBG in postmenopausal women, and lower SHBG in premenopausal women. The study indicates the importance of maintaining a healthy body weight throughout life course for homoeostasis of sex hormones.

Sex hormones in men with abdominal aortic aneurysm

BackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) primarily affect elderly men. The effect of sex on aneurysm development has been associated with the effects of sex hormones through mechanisms that are not fully understood. The present study examined the association between the levels of sex hormones and the occurrence of AAAs in elderly men. MethodsA prospective case-control study was conducted of 452 men aged 65 years participating in screening for AAAs from 2013 to 2019. Of the 452 men, 230 had an AAA and 222 an aortic diameter of <30 mm (control group). Questionnaires and blood samples were collected and stored consecutively. The serum levels of total testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were analyzed using electrochemiluminescent immunoassays. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between sex hormones and AAA. ResultsThe median aneurysm diameter was 33 mm. Men with AAA had greater estradiol (93 pmol/L vs 84 pmol/L; P =.003) and progesterone (0.41 nmol/L vs 0.17 nmol/L; P < .001) levels compared with the controls. The testosterone levels were lower in the AAA group than in the control group (13 nmol/L vs 14 nmol/L; P = .026). AAA was associated with detectable levels of progesterone (odds ratio [OR], 6.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.86-11.47), smoking (OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 3.12-8.85), coronary heart disease (OR, 4.06; 95% CI, 1.92-8.58), and a body mass index >25 kg/m2 (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.34-3.82). ConclusionsThe observed higher estradiol and progesterone levels in men with an AAA suggest an effect of sex hormones on aneurysm development. The association between progesterone levels and the aortic diameter stresses the importance of focusing on the potential effect of this unconsidered female sex hormone on aneurysm formation.

The influence of acclimatization on stress hormone concentration in serum during heat stress.

This study was aimed to examine the influence of acclimatization on the change of concentration of stress hormones in men's serum exposed to heat stress during physical training. The study included a total of 40 men, aged 19-21years, divided randomly into four groups: CTRL group: control, exposed to the Exercise Tolerance Testing in comfortable conditions; O group: exposed to Exercise Tolerance Testing in a warm environment; P group: exposed to passive acclimation to heat for 10days, followed by Exercise Tolerance Testing in a warm environment; A group: exposed to active acclimation to heat for 10days, followed by Exercise Tolerance Testing in a warm environment. All participants were tested for thermoregulation and acclimatization, skin and tympanic temperature, heart rate (HR), hormonal status and sweating. The mean skin temperature was the lowest in the control group of subjects exposed to physical exertion under comfortable conditions, and at each point of measurement it was statistically significantly different from that of the other study groups (p < 0.001). Sweating intensity was statistically significantly the lowest in the CTRL group (0.32 ± 0.04l/m2/h; p < 0.001), compared to all other groups. Cortisol was significantly altered in O group (632.2 ± 92.3; 467.2 ± 89.7), testosterone levels were significantly altered in P (19.2 ± 9.3; 16.4 ± 7.3) and in A groups (22.1 ± 12.4; 14.9 ± 9.9), while prolactin was changed in O (392.1 ± 51.3; 181.4 ± 42.3), P (595.1 ± 191.1; 191.2 ± 52.5), and A group (407.4 ± 189.3; 173.4 ± 43.9) after the experimental period. The impact of acclimatization on hormonal indicators emphasizes its importance in the response of the endocrine system of soldiers to perform military activities in warm climates.

No Association between Neck Circumference and Free Triiodothyronine in Euthyroid Men.

Objective Neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric index for the assessment of upper body obesity. Thyroid hormones are closely related to obesity, body fat distribution indicators, and metabolic parameters. However, there are currently no reports on the association between NC and thyroid hormones in the Chinese population. This study aimed to explore the relationship between NC and thyroid hormones in men with normal thyroid function. Methods A total of 737 euthyroid men from Shanghai communities were enrolled. Anthropometric parameters, including NC and waist circumference (WC), were measured. Serum thyroid hormones were measured by electrochemical luminescence immunoassay. Results NC, WC, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly positively correlated with serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) (all P < 0.05). FT3 levels all presented significant upward trends with the increase in NC, WC, or BMI quartiles (all P for trend < 0.05), whereas there were no significant correlations between the three obesity indices and free thyroxine or thyroid-stimulating hormone (both P > 0.05). After adjustment for metabolic confounding factors such as age, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profiles, and CRP in multiple linear regression analysis, the correlation between FT3 and NC disappeared (standardized β = −0.015, P=0.705), and FT3 remained significantly associated with WC (standardized β = 0.103, P=0.012) and BMI (standardized β = 0.082, P=0.047). Conclusions In euthyroid men from Shanghai communities, there was no independent correlation between serum FT3 levels and NC. The trial was registered with ChiCTR1900024011.

Estimate the level of testosterone hormone using I-chroma technique in males treated with Royal jelly and honeybee

The experiment based on 10 matured men samples collected randomly from Baghdad Providence. The 10 samples divided into two groups, serum testosterone level of all 10 patient had been done using Ichroma technique. the treated group administered 2.5ml of honeybee with 350mg of royal jelly daily for (15day) while the second group stay as control group. After 15 days blood samples had been collected and serum separated to made another testosterone test for both groups using same i-chroma technique. The main Aim of this study is estimating the effect of royal jelly and honeybee as food on the testosterone hormone level in men. The result show that there was significant increase in the testosterone levels in treated group in comparison with control group. after experiment the result show significant increase in testosterone levels (in samples number 1,2,3,4 and 5) as the following (23.2 n.mo/L, 16.6 n.mo/L, 17.7 n.mo/L, 10.1 n.mo/L and 29.7 n.mo/L respectively. The study concluded that, short term treatment of royal jelly in combined with honey bee increasing the level of blood testosterone hormone in men in different ages significantly. The study either concluded that we can used honeybee and royal jelly as natural treatment of low testosterone level in men.

Experimental design of the Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone in Pulmonary Hypertension (EDIPHY) trial.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains life-limiting despite numerous approved vasodilator therapies. Right ventricular (RV) function determines outcome in PAH but no treatments directly target RV adaptation. PAH is more common in women, yet women have better RV function and survival as compared to men with PAH. Lower levels of the adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester are associated with more severe pulmonary vascular disease, worse RV function, and mortality independent of other sex hormones in men and women with PAH. DHEA has direct effects on nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) synthesis and signaling, direct antihypertrophic effects on cardiomyocytes, and mitigates oxidative stress. Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone in Pulmonary Hypertension (EDIPHY) is an on-going randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of DHEA in men (n = 13) and pre- and post-menopausal women (n = 13) with Group 1 PAH funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. We will determine whether orally administered DHEA 50 mg daily for 18 weeks affects RV longitudinal strain measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, markers of RV remodeling and oxidative stress, NO and ET-1 signaling, sex hormone levels, other PAH intermediate end points, side effects, and safety. The crossover design will elucidate sex-based phenotypes in PAH and whether active treatment with DHEA impacts NO and ET-1 biosynthesis. EDIPHY is the first clinical trial of an endogenous sex hormone in PAH. Herein we present the study’s rationale and experimental design.

Serum Levels of Androgens, Estrogens, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Risk of Primary Gastric Cancer in Chinese Men: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Gastric cancer shows a strong male predominance, and sex steroid hormones have been hypothesized to explain this sex disparity. Previous studies examining the associations between sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and risk of gastric cancer come primarily from western populations and additional studies in diverse populations will help us better understand the association. We performed a nested case-control study in Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials cohorts to evaluate the associations among Chinese men, where we had sufficient cases to perform a well-powered study. Using radioimmunoassays and immunoassays, we quantitated androgens, estrogens, and SHBG in baseline serum from 328 men that developed noncardia gastric cancer and matched controls. We used multivariable unconditional logistic regression to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and explored interactions with body mass index (BMI), age, alcohol drinking, smoking, and follow-up time. Subjects with SHBG in the highest quartile, as compared with those in the lowest quartile, had a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.01-3.44). We found some evidence for associations of sex steroid hormones in men with lower BMI. Our study found a novel association suggesting that higher serum concentrations of SHBG may be associated with risk of gastric cancer in men. We found no overall associations with sex hormones themselves, but future studies should expand the scope of these studies to include women and further explore whether BMI modifies a potential association. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: It was the first study to investigate the association of gastric cancer with prediagnostic sex steroid hormones and SHBG in an Asian male population. Although there were no overall associations for sex steroid hormone concentrations, higher concentrations of SHBG was associated with increased risk of noncardia gastric cancer.

Correlation Differences between Sex and Stress Hormones in Men And Women

The excessive aggression is an actual problem of modern society but the mechanisms of aggressiveness development have not been sufficiently investigated. Women aggression is considered to differ from men one and results obtained on males cannot be extrapolated on females. Sex hormones have a crucial role in the generation of sexually dimorphic aggression circuits during development and their maintenance during adulthood. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system are major neuroendocrine systems that respond to stress. Stress hormones are involved into behavioral reactions of organism. Gonadal, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axes, and sympathoadrenal system are tightly interrelated and every of them can influence another one. The purpose of the study was to estimate correlation differences between sex and stress hormones in men and women. Material and methods. Forty healthy young people aged 18 to 22 years with a body mass index of 19-24 (21 women and 19 men) were enrolled in the study. Hormone levels in blood serum were determined by Testosterone, Estradiol, Cortisol ELISA kits (Italy), Epinephrine/Norepinephrine (EPI) ELISA kit (China). Results and discussion. In all phases of the menstrual cycle, the level of cortisol in women was lower than in men, but in the luteal phase these differences were not statistically significant. In all phases of the menstrual cycle, the blood serum norepinephrine content in women was lower than in men, but in the follicular phase these differences were not statistically significant. The level of epinephrine in women during ovulation and luteal phase did not differ from the level of epinephrine in men, but in follicular phase it was significantly lower. Calculations of correlations between individual hormones revealed a significant difference between them in men and women. Positive correlations between testosterone and estradiol and between cortisol and epinephrine; a strong negative correlation between epinephrine and testosterone/norepinephrine ratio were found in men. Positive correlation between testosterone and cortisol and negative correlation between estradiol and cortisol/testosterone ratio were revealed in women. Conclusion. In women, strong correlations were found between cortisol and sex hormones; in men, strong interrelationship was revealed between cortisol and epinephrine. Both in men and in women (in all phases of the menstrual cycle), high positive correlations between testosterone/norepinephrine and cortisol/norepinephrine ratios were observed

An Updated Review: Androgens and Cognitive Impairment in Older Men.

Androgens are some of the most important sex hormones in men, and they maintain important physiological activities in the human body. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common manifestations of aging in the elderly population and an important factor affecting the quality of life of elderly individuals. The levels of sex hormones in elderly people decrease with age, and low levels of androgens in older male individuals have been closely linked to the development of cognitive impairment. Basic studies have shown that androgens have neuroprotective effects and that androgen deficiency impairs cognitive function by increasing oxidative stress and decreasing synaptic plasticity, among other effects. Additionally, clinical studies have also shown that androgen deficiency is closely related to cognitive impairment. This article reviews the relationship between low androgen levels and cognitive impairment, their potential mechanisms, and the effects of testosterone supplementation in improving cognition.

Adverse Effects of some of the Most Widely used Metal Nanoparticles on the Reproductive System

Nanotechnology, which allows the manipulation of molecular dimensions, is used in many aspects of human life, from industrial to medical and therapeutic aspects. Features of nanoparticles and their unique capabilities have attracted a lot of attention. Among nanotechnology structures, metal nanoparticles have been widely used in many aspects of industry and medicine. The unique properties of these nanoparticles make possible to produce and expand them on a large scale, thus making the possibility of exposure to these nanoparticles more likely. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles like a double-edged sword despite its many benefits, it also has a number of disadvantages. One of the most important of these disadvantages is their toxicity. This toxicity may have adverse effects on the environment and humans. One of the most important adverse effects of nanoparticles is adverse effects on the reproductive system. In this paper, the adverse effects of some of the most widely used metal nanoparticles on the reproductive system are described. These adverse effects can be on: sexual behaviors, sexual organs, sperm count, sperm motility, sperm shape, sperm maturity, ovarian and follicle maturation, their fertility rate and also the level of sex hormones in men and women. The adverse effects of these nanoparticles and their toxicity on a variety of tissues and organs lead us to use safer nanoparticles.

Counterpoint: Investigators should not control for menstrual cycle phase when performing studies of vascular control that include women.

Observed sex differences in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease incidence and the efficacy of clinical intervention strategies, coupled with recent mandates from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and its international counterparts to consider sex as a biological variable in all preclinical and clinical work (15), have led to increased enrollment of women in human physiology studies of vascular function with the goal of improving external validity and clinical applicability of the findings. However, standard practice in these studies is to test women during the early follicular phase (~days 1-5) of the menstrual cycle, during which estrogen and progesterone concentrations are lowest, and either exclude or limit testing of women who use hormonal contraceptives to the placebo phase. This approach seeks to control for, or limit, differences in circulating hormone concentrations between men and women and is based on the dogmatic theory that cyclic changes in estrogen and progesterone concentrations lead to greater variability in study outcomes and uninterpretable datasets. Contrary to this common approach, we propose that limiting testing of women to this single phase 1) decreases external validity of the findings, 2) obfuscates potential physiological differences contributable to differences in sex hormone concentrations between men and women, and 3) is, in many instances, contradicted by literature that demonstrates limited or no variability in vascular measurements across the menstrual cycle.

Acute exposure to a hot ambient temperature reduces energy intake but does not affect gut hormones in men during rest.

This study examined the effect of ambient temperature on energy intake, perceived appetite and gut hormone responses during rest in men. Thirteen men (age 21·5 (sd 1·4) years; BMI 24·7 (sd 2·2) kg/m2) completed three, 5·5 h conditions in different ambient temperatures: (i) cold (10°C), (ii) thermoneutral (20°C) and (iii) hot (30°C). A standardised breakfast was consumed after fasting measures, and an ad libitum lunch provided at 4-4·5 h. Blood samples (analysed for plasma acylated ghrelin, total peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and total glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations), perceived appetite and thermoregulatory responses were collected throughout. Linear mixed models were used for statistical analyses. Ad libitum energy intake was 1243 (sd 1342) kJ higher in 10°C and 1189 (sd 1219) kJ higher in 20 v. 30°C (P = 0·002). Plasma acylated ghrelin, total PYY and GLP-1 concentrations did not differ significantly between the conditions (P ≥ 0·303). Sensitivity analyses for the 4 h pre-lunch period showed that perceived overall appetite was lower in both 30 and 10°C when compared with 20°C (P ≤ 0·019). In conclusion, acutely resting in a hot compared with a thermoneutral and cold ambient temperature reduced lunchtime ad libitum energy intake in healthy men. Suppressed perceived appetite may have contributed to the reduced energy intake in the hot compared with thermoneutral ambient temperature, whereas gut hormones did not appear to play an important role.

Association between acrylamide exposure and sex hormones in males: NHANES, 2003-2004.

IntroductionAcrylamide is widely present in heat-processed food, cigarette smoke and environment. Reproductive toxicity was reported in animals treated with acrylamide, particularly in males. The reproductive toxicity of acrylamide and its active metabolite, glycidamide, was reported to be mainly mediated through DNA damage in spermatocytes. However, the effect of acrylamide on sex hormones in men is unknown.MethodsThere were 468 male subjects (age ≧ 12 years) enrolled to determine the relationships between hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and hemoglobin adducts of glycidamide (HbGA) with several sex hormones using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003 to 2004. All potential confounding variables in the data set were properly adjusted.ResultsWe found that one unit increase in the natural log-transformed HbAA level was associated with an increase in natural log transformed serum inhibin B level by 0.10 (SE = 0.05; P = 0.046), and natural log transformed serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by 0.15 (SE = 0.15; P = 0.036). With respect to HbGA, one unit increase in the natural log-transformed HbGA level was associated with an increase in natural log transformed serum anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) level by 0.31 (SE = 0.00; P = 0.003).ConclusionIn this representative cohort, we identified positive associations between acrylamide exposure and several sex hormones in men. The HbAA is positively associated with inhibin B and SHBG, and HbGA is positively associated with AMH. Other than genotoxicity, our findings suggested that altered sex hormones might also play a role in acrylamide-related reproductive toxicity in males.

Associations between Serum Sex Hormone Concentrations and Telomere Length among U.S. Adults, 1999-2002.

Sex hormone concentrations and telomere length are age related responses of human body, while whether there is a direct relation between sex hormone and telomere length is uncertain. Therefore, we used the data of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to quantify their direct association. A total of 710 women aged 35-60 years and 539 men aged 20-85 years were included from two cycles of the NHANES (1999-2002). Telomere length relative to standard reference DNA (T/S ratio) was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Seven hormones in serum (5 in men and 2 in women) were assayed. Logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratios to evaluate the telomere length-sex hormones association. Men with vigorous physical activity (71.1%) and without history of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and lipid-lowering drugs using tended to have a longer telomere length (all P-values < 0.05); while women with longer sedentary time, smaller pregnant or live birth, and with older ages of firth/last birth were likely with longer telomere length (all P-values < 0.05). After adjusted for potential confounders, only anti-Mullerian hormone was positively and stably associated with short leukocytes telomere length in men (OR: 1.098; 95% CI: 1.034, 1.165). We did not detect any significant association of short telomere length with sex hormones in men and women. Discussion and Implications: Serum anti-Mullerian hormone in men was positively and stably associated with telomere length. More large-scaled and well-designed prospective studies are warranted to reconfirm our conclusions.

Genetic and sex hormone analysis of infertile men.

ObjectiveGenetic defects and endocrine-related factors are the leading causes of male infertility. This study was performed to analyze the genetic characteristics and sex hormone levels in different types of male infertility.MethodsA total of 423 men with infertility underwent genetic and sex hormone analysis at The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.ResultsThe incidences of abnormal karyotypes in patients with male infertility, azoospermia, and oligoasthenozoospermia were 6.94%, 22.40%, 15.09%, respectively. Among men with azoospermia, Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) was identified in 60.71% (17/28) of those with abnormal karyotypes. Additionally, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and human luteinizing hormone were significantly higher in men with azoospermia showing abnormal karyotypes than in men of the other study groups. The serum testosterone level in men with azoospermia showing abnormal karyotypes was lower than that in men of the other study groups.ConclusionsAzoospermia is closely associated with chromosome abnormalities. The levels of testosterone, human luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in men with azoospermia showing abnormal karyotypes provide a clinical reference for genetic counseling and assisted reproduction.

Cross-sectional associations between healthy eating index and sex steroid hormones in men-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002.

Diet plays an important role in health and is a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. In men, sex steroid hormones influence, and are influenced by, a number of health states. Specific dietary patterns have been found to alter sex steroid hormone levels in observational and intervention studies. Thus, we hypothesized that dietary patterns captured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) are associated with serum concentrations of sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The objective is investigating the association between HEI and sex steroid hormones and SHBG in a general US population of men. We used data on serum sex steroid hormones and SHBG levels, HEI, and other variables collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2002. A total of 550 men >20years old were included in the analysis. The cross-sectional associations between HEI (from 0 to 100 points, higher score equates to a healthier diet) with natural logarithm transformed concentrations of total and free testosterone, total and free estradiol, and SHBG were evaluated with multivariable linear regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. We also stratified by the body mass index (BMI) and race/ethnicity and tested for interactions. HEI showed a significant inverse association with free estradiol (p=0.03), but was not associated with total or free testosterone, total estradiol, or SHBG concentrations. Neither BMI nor race/ethnicity statistically significantly modified the association between HEI and sex steroid hormone levels. The present cross-sectional analysis in a representative sample of US men showed no consistent association between eating habits, sex steroid hormones, and SHBG. Longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate potential associations.

Effect of Inhibin-B hormone and its relationship with a number of sex hormones in men with Azoospermia

Inhibin-B is produced by sertoli cells and acts as a negative feedback mechanism of follicular stimulation hormone (FSH). In order to evaluate the effect of Inhibin-B in men with Azoospermia, the study measured the concentrations of the following hormones: Inhibin-B, FSH, Luteinizing Hormone Prolactin (PRL), (LH) and Testosterone (Testo). Serum for 30 normal men semen and 50 men with Azoespermia (zero sperm count in sperm). The mean concentration of the hormone Inhibin-B in patients with Azoospermia was (135.7 ±87.6) pg/ml, while in normal men (175.6 ±47.9) Pg / ml with a significant value of the group of healthy patients at a significant level (p≤0.01). The mean serum FSH concentration in patients was (13.7 ± 12.27) lU / L whereas in normal men (4.1 ± 2.84) lU / L, the relationship was significant between patients and healthy at a significant level (P≤0.01) the correlation with the Inhibin-B hormone is reversible relationship. The mean concentration of LH in patients was (12.8±11.87) IU/L and in the healthy (7.9±5.57) IU/L and the relationship between them was significant (P≤0.05) and the correlation with the Inhibin-B hormone is positive relationship. The mean concentration of the Testosterone In the patients was (2.37 ± 1.22) IU / L and in the healthy (5.1 ± 1.96) IU/ L, the relationship was of significant value at P≤0.01 and the correlation with the Inhibin-B hormone is positive relationship, and there is a difference in the mean concentration of PRL between the patients and the healthy where it reaches (8.88 ±5.16) IU / L in patients and (8.03 ± 4.2) IU / L in the healthy. where the relationship was non-significant value between both patients and healthy and the correlation with the Inhibin-B hormone is positive relationship

Sex Differences in Sex Hormone Profiles and Prediction of Consciousness Recovery After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: The clinical course of unconsciousness after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly unpredictable and it remains a challenge with limited therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early changes in serum sex hormone levels after severe TBI (sTBI) and the use of these hormones to predict recovery from unconsciousness with regard to sex.Methods: We performed a retrospective study including patients with sTBI. A statistical of analysis of serum sex hormone levels and recovery of consciousness at 6 months was made to identify the effective prognostic indicators.Results: Fifty-five male patients gained recovery of consciousness, and 37 did not. Of the female patients, 22 out of 32 patients regained consciousness. Male patients (n = 92) with sTBI, compared with healthy subjects (n = 60), had significantly lower levels of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and progesterone and higher levels of prolactin. Female patients (n = 32) with sTBI, compared with controls (n = 60), had significantly lower levels of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone and significantly higher levels of FSH and prolactin. Testosterone significantly predicted consciousness recovery in male patients. Normal or elevated testosterone levels in the serum were associated with a reduced risk of the unconscious state in male patients with sTBI. For women patients with sTBI, sex hormone levels did not contribute to the prediction of consciousness recovery.Conclusion: These findings indicate that TBI differentially affects the levels of sex-steroid hormones in men and women patients. Plasma levels of testosterone could be a good candidate blood marker to predict recovery from unconsciousness after sTBI for male patients.

Cross-sectional analysis of sleep hours and quality with sex hormones in men

BackgroundReduced total hours of sleep and low quality of sleep have been suggested to be associated with low levels of male hormones. Few studies have examined the association between excessive sleep and male reproductive hormones.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of total hours of sleep and quality of sleep with serum levels of total, bioavailable and free testosterone (tT, bT and fT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and dehydroepiandrosteron-sulfate (DHEAS).MethodsSerum levels of tT, SHBG and DHEAS were measured with immunoassays in a cross-sectional population-based study of 2095 males. bT and fT were calculated in accordance with Vermeulens method. Information on total hours of sleep and sleep quality was obtained by questionnaire. Linear regression was used to calculate hormones according to total hours of sleep and the results were expressed as β-estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The adjustment in the multivariable models was constructed taking age, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity into account.ResultsExcessive sleep (>9 h) compared to 7–9 h of sleep was significantly associated with lower tT, bT and fT, but not with SHBG or DHEAS, after multivariable adjustment. These significant associations were also found in our analyses with hormones as continuous variables but no associations were found in our general additive model analyses.ConclusionsIn this cross-sectional study in men, excessive sleep associated with lower levels of male reproductive hormones. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal direction of the observed association between excessive sleep and lower male reproductive hormones levels.