Male Contraceptive Research Articles

HF01-03 SEXUALITY AND SILVERWARE: THE STORY OF MALE CONTINENCE IN THE ONEIDA COMMUNITY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023HF01-03 SEXUALITY AND SILVERWARE: THE STORY OF MALE CONTINENCE IN THE ONEIDA COMMUNITY Eric Macdonald, Jacob Gaines, Luke Sebel, and Kara Watts Eric MacdonaldEric Macdonald More articles by this author , Jacob GainesJacob Gaines More articles by this author , Luke SebelLuke Sebel More articles by this author , and Kara WattsKara Watts More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003243.03AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The Oneida Community was a perfectionist religious communal society founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848 near Oneida, New York. One core tenet of this community was “Male Continence,” later known as coitus reservatus, a form of contraception where males were forbidden from ejaculating and achieving orgasm during intercourse. We sought to explore the history and outcomes of this unique practice and its effect on women in the community. METHODS: We reviewed articles from Google Scholar, primary sources from members of the community, and Noyes’ published pamphlet, “Male Continence.” RESULTS: Noyes was an early believer of the importance of contraception; however, he was critical of the mostly ineffective methods available at his time. He understood that pregnancy “levied a heavy tax on the vitality of women” and posited that unwanted pregnancy should be avoided. Noyes described his view of sex as having “two distinct acts, the social, and the propagative…a man should content himself with the social act, except when he intends procreation.” He believed that male ejaculation during sex should and could be completely avoided. Young men were encouraged to engage in sexual intercourse with post-menopausal women to learn this practice. He preached male continence as a natural and healthy form of contraception that fostered an environment for closer intimate relationships. In turn, this practice became a central component of the community. If a male failed, meaning that he ejaculated during intercourse, he would face public disapproval. Male continence appears to have served as an effective form of contraception as there were only twelve unplanned births over a twenty-year period in this community of nearly 300 people. Noyes also claimed to be a strong proponent of the importance of female sexual satisfaction. Due to the practice of male continence, women in the community noted longer lasting sex, more orgasms, and more freedom to express their sexual desires. One woman recorded a detailed journal of her sex life and wrote, “we had an exquisite experience which seemed like a baptism of heavenly purity and continence. It put a new quality into our love.” CONCLUSIONS: Noyes, in many ways, was a progressive thinker for his time. Male continence was one of the earliest experiments of male contraception in the United States and was relatively successful in preventing unwanted pregnancy and improving the sex lives of women in the community. While Oneida is most known for their silverware today, this community holds a unique place in history with its views towards contraception, sex, and pregnancy. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e256 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Eric Macdonald More articles by this author Jacob Gaines More articles by this author Luke Sebel More articles by this author Kara Watts More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

MP19-13 NO DETECTABLE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VIRTUAL SETTING FOR VASECTOMY CONSULTATION AND VASECTOMY COMPLETION RATE

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP19-13 NO DETECTABLE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VIRTUAL SETTING FOR VASECTOMY CONSULTATION AND VASECTOMY COMPLETION RATE Ari Bernstein, Hunter Hernandez, Ethan Zhu, Bryce Saba, Eli Rapoport, and Bobby Najari Ari BernsteinAri Bernstein More articles by this author , Hunter HernandezHunter Hernandez More articles by this author , Ethan ZhuEthan Zhu More articles by this author , Bryce SabaBryce Saba More articles by this author , Eli RapoportEli Rapoport More articles by this author , and Bobby NajariBobby Najari More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003244.13AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic has fueled widespread incorporation of telehealth into Urology practices. Vasectomy consultation via telehealth is convenient and improves access to care for male contraception. However, it does not allow for physical examination, inherently leading to possible day-of-procedure cancellations due to unforeseen anatomic concerns. This study aimed to compare vasectomy completion rates between patients undergoing virtual versus in-person consultation. METHODS: All patients seen by a single provider at NYU Langone Health for vasectomy consultation between October 2016 and June 2022 were included in the study. Most patients seen before March 2020 had in-person consultations, whereas the majority of patients seen afterwards had virtual consultations due to the emergence of COVID-19. All patients seen virtually were examined in a consult room prior to being prepped for the vasectomy in the procedure room. Visit type, demographic information, and clinical outcomes data were collected for all patients. A chi-squared test was used to compare the rate of vasectomy completion between those with in-person and virtual consultation. Analysis was performed using R, version 4.0.5. RESULTS: 491 patients were seen by a single provider for vasectomy consultation between October 2016 and June 2022. 197 (40.1%) consultations were performed virtually and 294 (59.9%) consultations were performed in-person. 370 (75.4%) of all patients seen for consultation (both virtual and in-person) ultimately underwent vasectomy. There was no evidence of difference in rate of completing vasectomy after virtual (75.6%) and in-person (75.2%) consultation (p=.91). Two of the 197 (1%) patients who consulted virtually had their vasectomy procedures cancelled on the day of the procedure based on their pre-operative exam; one because of abnormal epididymal sensitivity after prior scrotal infection, the other because of a history of orchiopexy that the patient was not aware of until the surgeon started inquiring about scrotal scars present. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lack of physical examination, virtual vasectomy consultation is both feasible and effective, with rates of vasectomy completion comparable to traditional in-person consultation. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e270 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ari Bernstein More articles by this author Hunter Hernandez More articles by this author Ethan Zhu More articles by this author Bryce Saba More articles by this author Eli Rapoport More articles by this author Bobby Najari More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Kontrasepsi Pria terhadap Motivasi Pria PUS menjadi Akseptor KB Vasektomi

Awareness of men becoming KB (Family Planning) acceptors is still low, influenced by the low knowledge of men about family planning and male contraceptive methods, which are still limited, but also influenced by the lack of socialization and promotion of male family planning, the perception that family planning is only for women, the quality of family planning services inadequate, men's lack of access to information about contraception and limited information about the role of men in family planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on male contraception on the motivation of EFA men to become vasectomy family planning acceptors. This research method is a Quasi Experiment One Group Pretest Posttest Design on 35 EFA men (Pupes of Childbearing Age) who are not family planning acceptors. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to assess men's motivation for EFA. The statistical test used is the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Samples were taken as many as 35 people. The results of this study indicate that most respondents (54.3%) still have low motivation before being given health education about vasectomy contraception. Most of the respondents (62.9%) already have high motivation after being given health education about vasectomy contraception. Conclusion: there is an effect of health education on the motivation of EFA men to use vasectomy contraception with p value 0.000 <0.05.

Gold nanoparticles retrogradely penetrate through testicular barriers via Sertoli-cells mediated endocytosis/exocytosis and induce immune response in mouse

Despite the rapidly growing interest in nanoparticle-mediated controllable male contraception and recovery of male fertility, novel applications of nanoparticles in these processes are limited by a knowledge gap regarding their transport and distribution in the testes. Here, we investigated the fate of gold nanoparticles in the mouse testes using two injection methods, namely, interstitial testicular injection (IT-AuNPs, AuNPs exposure in the interstitial compartment of the testes) and rete testis injection (RT-AuNPs, AuNPs exposure in the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules). In this study, we used 100 nm spherical AuNPs and microinjected with 5 μL AuNPs (30 mg/mL) for the experiments. For IT-AuNP injection, we found that AuNPs could not penetrate through the Sertoli cell-mediated blood–testis barrier (BTB) of the seminiferous tubules, and no male reproductive toxicity was observed. For RT-AuNP injection, AuNPs could be retrogradely transported from the adluminal compartment to the interstitial compartment of the testes via Sertoli cell-mediated endocytosis/exocytosis, resulting in damage and the release of inflammatory cytokines in the mouse testis. Our results highlight a retrograde nanoparticle transport function of Sertoli cells, thereby providing a mechanistic overview of the development and use of nanobiotechnology in male reproduction. SynopsisThis study provides new insights into male reproductive immunotoxicity for AuNPs exposure and elucidates a mechanism via Sertoli cell-mediated endocytosis/exocytosis.

QSAR via Multisite λ-Dynamics in the Orphaned TSSK1B Kinase.

Multisite λ-dynamics (MSλD) is a novel method for the calculation of relative free energies of binding for ligands to their targeted receptors. It can be readily used to examine a large number of molecules with multiple functional groups at multiple sites around a common core. This makes MSλD a powerful tool in structure-based drug design. In the present study, MSλD is applied to calculate the relative binding free energies of 1296 inhibitors to the testis specific serine kinase 1B (TSSK1B), a validated target for male contraception. For this system, MSλD requires significantly fewer computational resources compared to traditional free energy methods like free energy perturbation or thermodynamic integration. From MSλD simulations, we examined whether modifications of a ligand at two different sites are coupled or not. Based on our calculations, we established a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for this set of molecules and identified a site in the ligand where further modification, such as adding more polar groups, may lead to increased binding affinity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Men’s willingness to use novel male contraception is linked to gender-equitable attitudes: Results from an exploratory online survey

ObjectivesTo explore the association of men’s willingness to use a novel male contraceptive with their attitudes toward gender equity. Study designWe conducted an anonymous online survey examining willingness to use male contraception among reproductive-age (18–50 years) cisgender men from the United States and Canada, recruited via online forums, social media ads, and male contraceptive mailing lists from April through July of 2022. We collected sociodemographics and reproductive histories and used a 20-item Gender-Equitable Men Scale to examine men’s gender role attitudes. We conducted bivariate analyses to inform a multivariable logistic regression isolating the independent influence of increasingly gender-equitable attitudes on cis-men’s willingness to use novel male contraceptives. ResultsWe received 2066 surveys from primarily white (n = 1192; 58%), heterosexual (n = 1816; 88%), married cis-men (n = 1008; 49%), below age 30 (n = 1010; 49%), and who had not completed a bachelor’s degree (n = 1173; 57%). The majority reported sex multiple times per week (n = 946; 46%), but had never gotten someone pregnant (n = 907; 44%); nearly half (n = 994; 48%) identified as parents. Three-quarters of respondents reported being willing to use novel male contraceptives (n = 1545; 75%); willingness was independently linked to having had an abortion (adjOR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.37–3.02) and increasing total Gender-Equitable Men Scale scores (adjOR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08), even after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and education. ConclusionsThree-quarters of cis-men surveyed reported willingness to use new male contraceptives, which was correlated with increasingly gender-equitable attitudes. ImplicationsAs gender-equitable attitudes are linked to men’s willingness to use novel male contraceptives, older population surveys may underestimate male contraceptive demand. Further, given the association of abortion experience with willingness to use novel male contraceptives, abortion-providing clinics may be considered for future dissemination of male contraceptives.

Advancements in Male contraceptives: A flanged approach in family planning

According to 2019 reports, WHO estimated that around 214 million women of reproductive age in developing regions have an unmet need for contraception either due to limited needs or availability. With the aid of Aritifical Intelligence we can find other alternatives and also possbile approaches for Contraception The aim of this review article is to emphasize the need for combination of testosterone and nestorone in male contraceptives. The use of contraception is a widely acknowledged method of population control. Women have always been the main target of hormonal contraceptive treatments. The use of hormonal and non-hormonal techniques for male contraception is a desirable choice. Testosterone-based hormonal contraception has had positive outcomes. Reversible techniques of male contraception without hormones, such as reversible sperm suppression with guidance, are extremely promising. This manuscript tries to encompass various methods of contraception like hormonal and non-hormonal which would serve in efficient contraception.

Willingness to Use Male Contraceptive Pill: Spain-Mozambique Comparison.

Previous studies have suggested that social and cultural factors significantly influence people's willingness to use the male contraceptive pill, which is in relatively advanced development. The present study aims at comparing Spanish and Mozambican participants level of willingness to take a male contraceptive pill. Factorial designed scenarios were used to collect data on the two population samples (Spain = 402 participants; Mozambique = 412 participants). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVAs) were performed comparing the average scores of Mozambique and Spain at the levels of each modelled factor: The cost of the pills (30 €/USD 20 for 3 months vs. free); Efficacy (99% vs. 95%); Side effects (none, mild and severe); Context (disease, condom abandonment and diversification of contraceptive methods). The two groups found significant differences in the scores for each of the four factors, in light of the socio-cultural differences between the two countries. In the Spanish sample, the main factor affected the willingness to use male contraceptive pill (MCP) were the side effects, while for Mozambican men it was the context. Along with technological change, an ideological-social change in gender roles is required to ensure equity in contraceptive responsibilities and the participation of men at all socio-demographic levels in reproductive health.

On-demand male contraception via acute inhibition of soluble adenylyl cyclase

Nearly half of all pregnancies are unintended; thus, existing family planning options are inadequate. For men, the only choices are condoms and vasectomy, and most current efforts to develop new contraceptives for men impact sperm development, meaning that contraception requires months of continuous pretreatment. Here, we provide proof-of-concept for an innovative strategy for on-demand contraception, where a man would take a birth control pill shortly before sex, only as needed. Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is essential for sperm motility and maturation. We show a single dose of a safe, acutely-acting sAC inhibitor with long residence time renders male mice temporarily infertile. Mice exhibit normal mating behavior, and full fertility returns the next day. These studies define sAC inhibitors as leads for on-demand contraceptives for men, and they provide in vivo proof-of-concept for previously untested paradigms in contraception; on-demand contraception after just a single dose and pharmacological contraception for men.

Prevalence of Vaginal Candidiasis among women and Diagnosis of Candida species from vaginal infection in Kirkuk city

Vaginal candidiasis is a common complaint among women of different age groups in any society whether or not they are sexually active. Although it is both treatable and mild, when left untreated, The study was set to detect Candida organisms in women vaginal. A prospective study of women vaginal swabs collected from Gynecological Clinic in Azadi teaching Hospital and some privet clinical in Kirkuk city and a total of two hundred (200) women swab were analysed for microscopy and culture, from May 2014 to April 2015. Data on epidemiologic indices were collected from the patients, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. fifty- seven positive cultures were obtained, constituting 28.5% (n = 57) in a total of 200 women vaginal samples. A total of 28.5% (n= 57) isolates were detected which comprises four different Candida species, namely Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. kefyre respectively as well as isolated Cryptococcus lorynti with frequency of occurrence of 23%, 2%, 1.5%, o.5% and 1.5% respectively. The isolates were related to age, the age range of 26-35 years had the highest incidence (35%), followed by age range of 36-45 years (29.5%) and 56-88 years had the least (2%) percentage of occurrence. The isolates were also related to used contraceptives, copper-T contraceptives and combined oral contraceptives 41.5% was the most common methods used by recurrent vaginitis patients while the male condom contraceptives users had lower cure (26.5%). The distribution of vaginal candidiasis according antibiotic using was highest in women take antibiotic with 64.4% of the total 200 cases, while the women don’t take antibiotic was recorded lowest occurrence (35.5%). The result shows that Candida species has assumed the role of the most common cause of vaginitis, with Candida albicans as the most prevalent species. vaginal candidiasis was common in the young adults o age range of 26-35 years, contraceptive , broad spectrum antibiotic users ,other diseases and operation .We therefore recommend prevention, early diagnosis and prompt treatment of vaginal candidiasis especially among the risk groups in order to avert its complications.

Various gene modification techniques to discover molecular targets for nonhormonal male contraceptives: A review.

The identification and characterization of relevant targets are necessary for developing nonhormonal male contraceptives. The molecules must demonstrate that they are necessary for reproduction. As a result, a sophisticated technique is required to identify the molecular targets for nonhormonal male contraceptives. Genetic modification (GM) techniques are one method that can be applied. This technique has been widely used to study gene function that effected male fertility and has resulted in the discovery of numerous nonhormonal male contraceptive target molecules. We examined GM techniques and approaches used to investigate genes involved in male fertility as potential targets for nonhormonal contraceptives. The discovery of nonhormonal contraceptive candidate molecules was increased by using GM techniques, especially the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 method. The discovery of candidate nonhormonal contraceptive molecules can be a wide-open research for the development of nonhormonal male contraceptives. Therefore, we are believing that one day nonhormonal male contraceptives will be released.

In vitro contraceptive activities, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, MM-PBSA, non-covalent interaction and DFT studies of bioactive compounds from Aegle marmelos. Linn., leaves.

Introduction: Bioactive molecules from natural sources having contraceptive properties were excellent alternatives for modern hormonal contraceptives. Researchers around the world were working on identifying contraceptive leads targeting the male reproductive system rather than the usual female contraceptives. The lack of proper understanding on male contraceptive protein drug targets leads to insufficient evidence on activities of identified contraceptive compounds. The proteins specific to the male reproductive system and involved in sperm-egg fusion will be an excellent drug target to identify the male non-hormonal, reversible contraceptive leads. Inhibiting sperm hyaluronidase activity by natural non-hormonal compounds will lead to reversible and non-hormonal male contraception. The Aegle marmelos Linn. is one such important medicinal plant with valuable phytocompounds, used traditionally as a potential contraceptive measure. The in vivo experiments on leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos. Linn containing terpenes, sterols, and alkaloids shows prominent contraceptive activities. Moreover, this study explores the potential ability of the leaf extract on inhibiting the sperm hyaluronidase action with additional molecular details on the interaction between sperm hyaluronidases and three phytocompounds such as aegeline, marmin, and marminol. Material and methods: The in vitro hyaluronidase inhibition assay and Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) were used to evaluate the male contraceptive properties of the Aegle marmelos Linn. leaf extract. To identify the interaction profile of aegeline, marmin, and marmenol on sperm cell hyaluronidases the in-silico methods such as molecular docking, Non-Covalent Interaction analysis, Molecular dynamics, and Molecular Mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area were used. Results and discussion: The results of in vitro hyaluronidase inhibition assay and Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis shows the inhibition of hyaluronidase enzymatic activity and reduced sperm activities in the presence of leaf extracts. After incubation with leaf extracts for about 30 minutes time intervals show, the motility drops from progressive to non-progressive and ended up with complete immotile in 100 μg/ml concentration of leaf extract. The results of molecular docking, Non-Covalent Interaction analysis, Molecular dynamics, and Molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area show that the phytocompounds marmin, and aegeline have the potential ability to inhibit sperm hyaluronidase.

Screening through Lead Optimization of High Affinity, Allosteric Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) Inhibitors as Male Contraceptives That Reduce Sperm Counts in Mice.

Although cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a validated target for both cancer and contraception, developing a CDK2 inhibitor with exquisite selectivity has been challenging due to the structural similarity of the ATP-binding site, where most kinase inhibitors bind. We previously discovered an allosteric pocket in CDK2 with the potential to bind a selective compound and then discovered and structurally confirmed an anthranilic acid scaffold that binds this pocket with high affinity. These allosteric inhibitors are selective for CDK2 over structurally similar CDK1 and show contraceptive potential. Herein, we describe the screening and optimization that led to compounds like EF-4-177 with nanomolar affinity for CDK2. EF-4-177 is metabolically stable, orally bioavailable, and significantly disrupts spermatogenesis, demonstrating this series' therapeutic potential. This work details the discovery of the highest affinity allosteric CDK inhibitors reported and shows promise for this series to yield an efficacious and selective allosteric CDK2 inhibitor.

Emerging concepts in male contraception: a narrative review of novel, hormonal and non-hormonal options.

Access to reliable contraception is a pillar of modern society. The burden of unintended pregnancy has fallen disproportionately on the mother throughout human history; however, recent legal developments surrounding abortion have sparked a renewed interest in male factor contraceptives beyond surgical sterilization and condoms. Modern efforts to develop reversible male birth control date back nearly a century and initially focused on altering the hypothalamic-pituitary-testes axis. These hormonal contraceptives faced multiple barriers, including systemic side effects, challenging dosing regimens, unfavorable routes of delivery, and the public stigma surrounding steroid use. Novel hormonal agents are seeking to overcome these barriers by limiting the side effects and simplifying use. Non-hormonal contraceptives are agents that target various stages of spermatogenesis; such as inhibitors of retinoic acid, Sertoli cell-germ cell interactions, sperm ion channels, and other small molecular targets. The identification of reproductive tract-specific genes associated with male infertility has led to more targeted drug development, made possible by advances in CRISPR and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Despite multiple human trials, no male birth control agents have garnered regulatory approval in the United States or abroad. This narrative review examines current and emerging male contraceptives, including hormonal and non-hormonal agents.

Meta Analysis: The Effects of Attitude, Spouse Support, and Education Level on Men Participation in Male Contraceptive Use

Background: One of the government's strategies to support women's equal rights is to issue a policy in which people of reproductive age, both men and women, are expected to participate in the Family Planning program as an effort to raise awareness, willingness and ability of the community to improve their welfare independently. This study aims to analyze the influence of attitude, partner support, and level of education on men's participation in the use of contraception. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. The study population was men of reproductive age. Intervention= positive attitude, strong partner support, and high education. Comparison= negative attitude, weak support, and low education. Outcome= the use of contraceptives. Data search was carried out syste¬ma¬tically using electronic databases from Pub¬med, Google Scholar, Europe PMC, Science Direct and Springer Link. Keywords used “Attitude” AND “Partner support” OR “Discuss with partner” AND “Educational status” OR “Educational level” AND “Men parti¬ci¬pa¬tion” OR “Men Involvement” AND “Contraception” OR “Family Plann¬ing” OR “Vasec-tomy” OR “Con¬dom”. The selection of primary articles used the PRISMA flowchart which was analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: Six studies showed that men with a positive attitude were 3.69 times more likely to use contraception than men with a negative attitude (aOR= 3.69; 95% CI= 2.23 to 6.09; p<0.001). Six studies showed that men with strong partner support are 2.48 times more likely to use contraception than men with weak partner support (aOR= 2.48; 95% CI= 2.04 to 3.02; p<0.001). Eight studies showed that men with a high level of education increased the likelihood of male contra¬ceptive use (aOR= 2.07; CI 95%= 1.45 to 2.96). Conclusion: Positive attitude, strong partner support, and a high education increase the use of male contraceptives. Keywords: attitude, partner support, level of education, contraception.

Family Planning from a Male Perspective: Observations from a Community-Based Cross-sectional Study in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Traditionally, family planning has been considered in the context of maternal and child health, although men play a dominant role in all matters related to reproductive decision-making. This study is carried out to assess the attitude and participation in family planning among currently married males and identify factors influencing the acceptance of male contraception. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chennai in October 2018, which included 180 currently married men by systematic random sampling of eligible couples in the field practice area of Sanjeevarayanpet Primary Health Center (UPHC). Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire in the local language and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Absolute and relative frequencies were estimated for descriptive data while correlates were tested for statistical significance using Pearson or Trend Chi-square tests. Study participants considered two children (82%) and spacing of at least 2 years (95%) as ideal, with spousal communication regarding family planning considered essential by a two-thirds majority. Among the 117 men who reported ever using contraception as a couple, 69% had used a condom vs. 42% and 30% for female spacing methods and tubectomy, respectively. Vasectomy, with nil acceptors, was considered acceptable by only 21% of men. Education, per-capita income, and spousal communication were seen to positively influence male contraceptive use. While married men show considerable commitment to family planning decision-making and practice, the stigma and misconceptions surrounding vasectomy have become ever more prominent. There is a need for the community and the health care system to work together to promote gender equity in family planning.

Correction to "Dimethandrolone, a Potential Male Contraceptive Pill, is Primarily Metabolized by the Highly Polymorphic UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 Enzyme in Human Intestine and Liver".

The above article [Sharma S, Ahire D, Basit A, Lajoie M, Wang C, Lee MS, Blithe DL, Amory JK, Singh DK, Heyward S, Prasad B (2022) Drug Metab Dispos, 50(12): [1493-1500][1], DOI: <https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.122.001041>], the authors discovered typos in the denominator in equations 2 and 3. The

Determinants of female health workers’ attitude toward spouses’ use of vasectomy for family planning

Background: Vasectomy is an effective and safe surgical method of male contraception. It is simpler than female tubal ligation and has fewer complications. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected demographic characteristics on female health workers’ attitudes to spouses’ use of vasectomy for birth controlMaterials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of female health workers in two tertiary health institutions in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Data were collected using a pretested structured self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward vasectomy. Results: Two hundred and ninety female health workers completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 32.26 ± 9.39 years. Approximately 66.6% of the women were less than 35 years and 53.1% were married. Only 21.0% of the respondents would encourage their spouses or partners to undergo vasectomy after they have had their desired number of children. Half of the women (50.0%) would prefer to have their tubes tied (tubal ligation) and 63.1% had never discussed vasectomy with their spouses or partners. Younger women (<35 years) were significantly more likely to encourage their spouses/partners to have a vasectomy (odds ratio [OR] 2.1289; P = 0.0231). However, ever-married women (OR 0.1296; P = 0.0000) and women who have had children (OR 0.1767; P = 0.0000) were significantly less likely to do the same. Nurses were more likely to encourage their spouses to undertake vasectomy compared to doctors (OR 2.4750; P = 0.0041). Conclusion: Vasectomy is not widely accepted among our female health workers; only a fifth of them would encourage their spouses/partners to have a vasectomy.

THE EFFECT OF MALE CONDOM AND WITHDRAWAL METHODS ON WOMAN’S SEXUAL LIFE

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of male condom and withdrawal method on women's sexual life. Method: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted among married women aged 15-49 who were protected by condom and withdrawal method in Family Health Centers (FHCs) No. 2 and 12 in Aydın city center (N= 518, C: 58.1%, WD: % 41.8). Data were collected in women's homes by self-reporting method using the Data Collection Form and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, Mann Whitney U, Kruskall Wallis H and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate the data, and p&lt;0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Among women with an average age of 34.97±6.49, the rate of those receiving method-specific counseling was lower for withdrwal method (13.4% vs 23.3%, p&lt;0.05). Satisfaction and sexual desire are higher in those who use withdrawal, and the perception of a good sexual life is higher in those who use condoms (p&lt;0.05). 38% of the participants have a FSFI score of 29.78±5.73. Sexual dysfunction is 35.9% for condom and 41% for withdrawal. With condom, there is less sexual dysfunction in dimensions other than sexual satisfaction (p&lt;0.05). The number of times a week one had sexual intercourse, the method used and the woman's sexual evaluation of herself have a positive effect on her sexual functions, while having problems with sexual life and the duration of using the method have a negative effect. These variables explain 20.1% of female sexual disfunction, and the currently used method explains 1.1% (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Male condom and withdrawal method affect women's sexual life and sexual dysfunction increases with withdrawal method. For this reason, awareness training should be organized for couples about the effects of male contraceptives on sexual life, family planning services should include sexual counseling, and its continuity should be ensured by starting before marriage.

Introduction: The Why's and How's for Studying Spermatogenesis and Spermatogonial Stem Cells.

Spermatogenesis is maintained throughout adulthood by a pool of adult stem cells termed spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Research investigations into spermatogenesis can provide insight into the etiology of certain types of male infertility (e.g., Sertoli cell only syndrome), elucidate means of improving food animal production, reveal new therapeutic avenues to address naturally occurring defects in sperm production, mitigate iatrogenic male infertility (e.g., arising from cancer therapy), and potentially intervene for male contraception. This chapter will serve as a commentary about why studying spermatogenesis is important, including a high-level overview of spermatogonia and SSCs, and make the case for a critical need for use of stringent definitions for SSCs and experimental platforms that allow for clear distinction of the multiple types of spermatogonia that exist in testes of mammals.