Index Hormone Research Articles

Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones and carotid plaque in patients with coronary heart disease: A RCSCD-TCM study in China.

ContextPrevious studies on the association between thyroid function and carotid plaque have shown contradictory results, which may be attributable to the sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices. This study aimed to analyze the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and risk of carotid plaque in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and further explore this association according to sex, age, smoking, and drinking status.MethodsThis large-scale, multi-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study included 6679 patients with CHD (age 35–75). Central sensitivity to thyroid hormone was evaluated by the thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index (PTFQI), thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), and thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI). Peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormone was assessed by free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio. Taking no carotid plaque as a reference, this study used logistic regression to analyze the association between central and peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity and carotid plaque in patients with CHD.ResultsOf the 6679 patients with CHD, 4843 (72.50%) had carotid plaque. In the multi-adjusted models, the TFQI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–1.78; P < 0.001), PTFQI (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.46–2.12; P < 0.001), TSHI (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.10–1.33; P < 0.001), and TT4RI (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00–1.01; P = 0.003) were positively associated with the risk of carotid plaque. Compared with that in females and people > 60 years, the OR value for carotid plaque was higher in males and people ≤ 60 years. Similarly, smokers and drinkers had higher OR values for carotid plaque than non-smokers and non-drinkers. Conversely, FT3/FT4 ratio (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.70–0.81; P < 0.001) was negatively associated with carotid plaque, and the OR value for carotid plaque was lower in males, patients ≤ 60 years, smokers, and drinkers.ConclusionThis study showed that thyroid hormone sensitivity is significantly associated with carotid plaque in patients with CHD. This association is more significant in males, patients ≤ 60 years, smokers, and drinkers.

Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and polycystic ovary syndrome: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested to be a potential biomarker for assessing the systemic inflammatory response in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating whether PCOS patients present with a higher NLR and whether obesity, metabolic, and hormonal indices have effects on the states.Methods:We performed a literature search on PubMed, Embase and Web of Science (last update: August 2, 2022). Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by applying random-effects models. Meta-regression analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity and assess the relationship between NLR and several clinical parameters. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also assessed.Results:Thirteen studies involving 826 PCOS patients and 780 healthy controls were eligible for the present meta-analysis. Generally, NLR significantly increased in PCOS women versus healthy women (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.30–1.33, P = .002). NLR disparity was subsequently investigated in obese and non-obese cohorts. Obese PCOS women exhibited a higher NLR than obese controls (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.24–0.87, P = .001), and a similar difference was shown between non-obese PCOS and non-obese controls (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.02–0.71, P = .038). No significant NLR disparity was observed between obese versus non-obese PCOS women (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = −0.37 to 1.38, P = .259). Meta-regression analysis revealed that NLR was significantly positively associated with fasting blood glucose (P = .006) and total cholesterol levels (P = .021), but not correlated with body mass index and other parameters in PCOS patients. Sensitivity analysis indicated that no individual study significantly affected the overall pooled result, and no publishing bias was observed.Conclusion:PCOS women typically present with an increased NLR. Such an increase is independent of obesity and may be associated with glycolipid metabolic disorders.

Reduced Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones Is Associated With High Remnant Cholesterol Levels in Chinese Euthyroid Adults.

It remains unclear whether the thyroid system could regulate the atherogenic remnant cholesterol (RC) levels in euthyroid status. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and RC levels in Chinese euthyroid population. This study included 18 766 euthyroid adults. High RC levels were defined as the upper quartile of RC levels. The thyroid hormone sensitivity indices, including thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), and free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio were calculated. Linear and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to determine the associations between those composite indices with RC levels by genders. Both females and males with high RC levels exhibited co-existing higher TSH and FT4 levels. Linear regression analysis revealed that TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI were positively, while FT3/FT4 ratio levels were negatively associated with serum RC levels. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) for high RC levels were increased with rising TFQI quartiles (Q) [females: Q3 1.41 (1.22-1.63), Q4 1.61 (1.39-1.86); males: Q3 1.25 (1.09-1.45), Q4 1.38 (1.19-1.59), all P for trend < 0.001] after full adjustment, with Q1 as the reference. TSHI and TT4RI yielded similar results. By contrast, the ORs (95% CI) for high RC levels were decreased with increasing FT3/FT4 ratio quartiles in both genders (P for trend < 0.001). In euthyroid adults, reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones was associated with high RC levels. Our results suggested an additive cardiometabolic risk of euthyroid population with thyroid hormones insensitivity.

Decomposition of Clinical Significance of FSH, LH, E2, AMH, and AFC Standards in Females at Lofty Elevation Based on HIF1α.

Based on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), the antral follicle is explored. The expression of count (AFC) in females at lofty elevation and its clinical significance are analyzed. A total of 82 females in lofty elevation areas and in low-elevation areas who received health checks from April 2020 to May 2021 are selected as the lofty elevation set and the low-elevation set, respectively. In addition, 76 females are served as the routine set. By comparing the serum HIF-1α standards, the standards of sex hormone indexes FSH, LH, and E2, and the expressions of AMH and AFC between the two sets of females, the correlation between HIF-1α and sex hormone indexes and ovarian reserve function is analyzed. The experimental results show that the lofty standard of HIF-1α in females at lofty elevation may lead to abnormal standards of sex hormones and weakened ovarian reserve. The detection of HIF-1α in females in lofty elevation areas is of great significance for evaluating their sex hormone standards, ovarian function, and preventing the occurrence of female gynecological diseases.

Thyroid Feedback Quantile-Based Index Is Associated With Blood Pressure and Other Hemodynamic Measures: A Cross-sectional Study

ObjectivePrevious studies have reported inconsistent relationships between thyroid function and blood pressure (BP) levels. We aimed to explore the associations between thyroid hormone sensitivity and BP parameters. MethodsThis retrospective study included 6272 participants who underwent a health examination at the First Hospital of China Medical University between January 2017 and December 2018. The Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), Parametric TFQI, thyroid-stimulating hormone index, and thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index were calculated to reflect thyroid hormone sensitivity. Mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and rate-pressure product were used to indirectly represent arterial stiffness. ResultsThe TFQI was positively associated with systolic BP (β = 3.22), diastolic BP (β =2.32), and mean arterial pressure (β = 2.62) (P < .001, for all). Analyses of the Parametric TFQI, thyroid-stimulating hormone index, and thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index yielded similar results. The TFQI was positively related to pulse pressure and rate-pressure product. With a 1 SD increase in the TFQI, the adjusted odds ratio for hypertension was 1.11 (95% CI 1.04-1.18). When comparing the fourth quartile of the TFQI with the first, the odds ratio for hypertension was 1.27 (95% CI 1.07-1.51, Pfor trend = .006). These relationships remained significant when stratified by age, sex, and body mass index. Similar results were observed in a euthyroid or normotensive population. ConclusionThe TFQI was positively associated with BP and markers of arterial stiffness. Impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity was related to increased risk for hypertension.

Regulation of male sex hormones strongly heightens copulation behavior indices in rat's model administered Cocos nucifera husks extract.

Cocos nucifera (Coconut, Arecaceae family) is consumed as dietary fruit but little is known of it as sex enhancer. To investigate male sex hormones and copulation behavior indices in male Wistar rats administered husks extract. Rats were grouped into control A, and treatment B to E (n=4); and administered husks extract at varying doses: 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg, 375mg/kg and 500mg/kg for 48days by oral intubation. Copulation behavior was assessed by introducing female rats to males (1:1) in a rectangular Plexiglas chamber and monitored by veterinary Anatomists. Blood samples for male sex hormones were collected and assayed by ELISA method. Copulation behavior (500mg/kg treatment): mounting (9.66±0.79 to 29.08±2.16), ejaculation (7.66±0.38 to 16.93±0.76), intromission (22.01±1.67 to 38.11±3.35) frequencies, and ejaculation latency (7.92±0.43 to 12.28±0.41) increased remarkably (Group E). Correspondingly, mounting (133.31±1.18 to 93.39±0.43) and, intromission (88.13±3.12 to 74.55±1.19) latencies; post-ejaculation (3.16±0.14 to 2.18±0.34), inter-intromission (19.48±0.26 to 14.32±1.65) intervals reduced significantly (P≤0.05). Testosterone levels (Group E) increased: 3.82±0.6ng/dL to 5.14±0.3ng/dL while, LH and FSH values reduced: 2.92±0.6IU/L to 2.13±0.3IU/L and 2.28±0.7IU/L to 1.58±0.3IU/L significantly (p ≤ 0.05) while changes were dose-related. C. nucifera husks extract improves sexuality indices by regulating male sex hormones in male Wistar rats.

Effect of Implantation and Fixation of Mirena in the Treatment of Adenomyosis and its Influence on Serum Inflammatory Factors

This experiment was carried out to analyze the placement and fixation of Mirena in the treatment of adenomyosis (AM) and its influence on the level of serum inflammatory factors in patients. For this purpose, the subjects of this study were 100 AM patients hospitalized in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021. They were divided into two groups according to the lottery method (n=50 for each group). The control group was treated with intramuscular triptorelin after the operation, and the observation group was treated with Mirena during the operation. Sex hormone indexes, VAS score, uterine volume, serum inflammatory indexes, the total incidence of adverse reactions, WHOQOL-BREF score and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Results showed that in the observation group after treatment E2VAS score and uterine volume were lower, serum IL-8 and TNF-A were lower, the whoqOL-BREf score was higher, and the recurrence rate (0) was lower than that in the control group (12.00%). The total incidence of adr in the observation group (4.00%) was lower than in the control group (8.00%). Then intraoperative placement of Mirena can effectively regulate sex hormone indexes of AM patients, reduce uterine volume, relieve dysmenorrhea symptoms, reduce the inflammatory response, improve quality of life, and reduce recurrence rate, without obvious adverse reactions.

Dietary Supplementation of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Alters Ovarian Functions of Xylene-Exposed Mice.

The aim of the performed study was to examine the ability of xylene, flaxseed, and their combinations to affect morphological and endocrine indexes of murine ovaries. The 72 indexes of secondary and tertiary follicular cells, oocytes, corpora lutea, and ovarian stroma have been quantified: diameter, markers of proliferation PCNA and apoptosis caspase 3, receptors to FSH, oxytocin, estrogen (alpha and beta), and progesterone. In addition, concentrations of the ovarian hormones progesterone, estradiol, and IGF-I in the blood, as well as their production by isolated ovaries cultured with and without gonadotropins (FSH + LH mixture), were determined using histological, immunohistochemical, and immunoassay analyses. The character of xylene and flaxseed effects on ovarian functions in mice depended on the stage of ovarian folliculogenesis. It was shown that flaxseed could mitigate and prevent the major (63%) effects of xylene on the ovary. In addition, the ability of gonadotropins to affect ovarian hormone release and prevent its response to xylene has been shown. The effects of these additives could be mediated by changes in the release and reception of hormones. These observations suggest that flaxseed and possibly gonadotropins could be natural protectors of a female reproductive system against the adverse effects of xylene.

A composite menstrual cycle of captive orangutans, with associated hormonal and behavioral variability.

Knowledge of species-typical reproductive endocrinology profiles is crucial for testing hypotheses pertaining to the evolutionary history, reproductive parameters, and life history of a species, and for managing the well-being of individual animals in human care. Large-scale empirical measurements of ovarian hormones, however, are rare for most primate species, including orangutans. In this study, we used enzyme immunoassays (EIA) to quantify estrogen (estrone conjugates; E1 C) and progesterone (pregnanediol-3-glucuronide; PdG) levels for 98 cycles in 7 cycling zoo-housed female orangutans (10-43 years old). We use a subset of these cycles (N = 44) to create the first composite menstrual cycle for orangutans, which serves as a valuable baseline for future comparative analyses and veterinary considerations. Similar to previous studies, we determined the mean ovarian cycle length of orangutans to be 29.7 days (N = 98 cycles), although we illustrate evidence of both intra- and interindividual variation in ovarian steroid production. Given that this study took place in captivity, we consider how energetic and psychosocial aspects of the zoo environment, such as greater food availability and potential stress, may affect the reproductive physiology and sexual behavior of these females. Furthermore, we discuss the role that age and genetic background may play in producing variability. Finally, we test whether ovarian hormone levels correlate with the reproductive behaviors of these female orangutans using associated behavioral data. Our results suggest that matings are more common during the periovulatory period than outside of it, but do not support a consistent link between hormonal indices of fecundability and mating behaviors in these individuals.

Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and the risk of osteoarthritis: an NHANES study

ObjectivesThyroid hormones play an instrumental role in chondrogenic differentiation and matrix maturation. However, studies investigating the relationship between thyroid function and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA) remain scarce. This study was designed to investigate the correlation between thyroid status and OA from a novel perspective of sensitivity to thyroid hormones.MethodsThe study included 8478 people from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. The sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices included Thyrotroph Thyroxine Resistance Index (TT4RI), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHI), Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), and Free Triiodothyronine /Free thyroxine (FT3/FT4), which were calculated based on serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Considering the complex survey design and sample weights, we employed multivariate linear regression models and stratified analysis to evaluate the correlation between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and OA.ResultsStudy results indicated that participants with OA had elevated TT4RI, TSHI, and TFQI levels, and lower FT3/FT4 levels compared to those with non-arthritis. After adjusting for other covariates, FT3/FT4 was negatively associated with the risk of OA (OR = 1.162, 95%CI 1.048–1.478, P = 0.021); (OR = 1.261, 95%CI 1.078–1.623, P = 0.042). In subgroup analyses stratified by gender and BMI, participants with OA had higher TFQI levels compared to those without OA in both genders. (OR = 1.491, 95%CI 1.070–2.077, P = 0.018); (OR = 2.548, 95%CI 1.929–3.365, P < 0.001). The higher TFQI levels were consistently associated with the increased prevalence of OA in the BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2) group after adjusting for different covariates, but not in other BMI groups. In, addition, TFQI performed better than FT3/FT4, TSHI, and TT4RI on ROC analyses for OA prediction.ConclusionsThe levels of FT3/FT4, TSHI, TT4RI, and TFQI are strongly associated with the prevalence of OA, which illustrates the complex correlation between the thyroid system and chondrogenic differentiation. TFQI may be used as a helpful indicator to predict OA and provide novel ideas for the evaluation and treatment of OA.

Effects of Zinc Methionine Hydroxy Analog Chelate on Laying Performance, Serum Hormone Levels, and Expression of Reproductive Axis Related Genes in Aged Broiler Breeders.

Inorganic zinc (Zn) supplements are commonly used in poultry feeds, but their low utilization results in the increase of Zn excretion. Thus, to provide a new perspective for the substitution of inorganic Zn, a novel Zn methionine hydroxy analog chelate (Zn-MHA) was studied in the present study to evaluate its effects on laying performance, serum hormone indexes and reproductive axis-related genes in broilers breeders. A total of 480 Hubbard breeders (56-week-old) were fed a basal diet (containing 27.81 mg Zn/kg) without Zn addition for 2 weeks, and then allocated to 4 groups with 6 replicates (each replicate consisting of 10 cages and 2 breeders per cage) for 10 weeks. Four treatment diets given to broiler breeders included the basal diet added with 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg of Zn-MHA and 100 mg/kg of Zn sulfate (ZnSO4). The laying rate, egg weight and feed conversation ratio increased in the 75 mg/kg Zn-MHA group compared to the ZnSO4 group. The eggshell thickness was not decreased with the addition of 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg Zn-MHA in the diet compared to the 100 mg/kg ZnSO4 group. There was a significant improvement in the reproductive performance of breeders in the 75 mg/kg Zn-MHA group, including the fertility and 1-day-old offspring weight. Besides, serum sex hormone levels including FSH and P4 increased significantly in 75 mg/kg Zn-MHA group. No significant effect on the ovarian weight or the number of follicles in broiler breeders was observed by supplementing Zn-MHA. Compared to the 100 mg/kg ZnSO4 group, dietary supplementation with 75 mg/kg of Zn-MHA showed an up-regulation of the FSHR mRNA in the granular layer of follicles. However, dietary supplementation of Zn-MHA had no effects on mRNA expressions of the ovarian LHR and PRLR genes. These findings reinforce the suggestion that Zn-MHA (75 mg/kg) could replace ZnSO4 (100 mg/kg) as a Zn supplement in diet of broiler breeders, which resulted in better laying and reproduction performances by regulating the expression levels of reproductive axis related genes and serum hormone levels.

Annual Evaluation of 17 Oestrogenic Endocrine Disruptors and Hazard Indexes in the Douro River Estuary—The Atlantic Discharge of the Highest-Flow River of Southwestern Europe

The concentrations of seventeen endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) that included oestrogens, phytoestrogens, sitosterol, and banned industrial pollutants were investigated at ten sites of the Douro River estuary. Surface waters were collected during 2019. After evaluating the physicochemical data (ammonia, nitrates, nitrites and phosphates), the waters were filtrated and submitted to solid-phase extraction (SPE) to extract and pre-concentrate (4000-fold) the EDCs. The extracts were derivatized with BSTFA + 1% TMS and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All EDCs showed a high detection rate (97%, on average), exhibiting ubiquity in this estuary. The finding of biologically relevant amounts of oestrogens (up to 8.5 ng/L for oestradiol, E2), phytoestrogens (up to 827 ng/L for biochanin A, BIO-A) and industrial pollutants (up to 2.7 µg/L for nonylphenol di-ethoxylated, NP2EO) strongly support ongoing risks of endocrine disruption for the local aquatic wildlife. Globally, there was an E2-equivalents (E2-EQs) concentration of 25 ng/L and a hazard index (HI) of 26, which further indicates considerable potential for adverse effects on local biota. Moreover, the physicochemical data suggest direct sewage discharges. Beyond possible toxicological effects on fauna, the detected contaminants may pose risks to humans via direct contact (bathing at local fluvial beaches) or by ingestion (local fish).

The Correlation of BMI and Age to Some Hormonal Indices in Iraqi Women with the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Only a few researchers have looked at the link between age and the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between age and body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of PCOS and to compare the levels of certain endocrine profiles in PCOS and healthy females. In this study, 75 random females participate, 75 healthy females, and fifty are patients in PCOS. Age has no significant difference among females with PCOS as compared with females with normal ovaries. Otherwise, thirty cases of PCOS group occurred in a high percentage (64%) at (18–26) years. Also, highly significant differences in BMI of the PCOS group as compared with a control group, in which in 30 cases (60%) of total study cases, 50 (100%) of females diagnosed with PCOS were obese, and their BMI over 30. On the other hand, the results of the control group (healthy females) were categorized mostly under an average weight 24 (96.0%) from a total study count of 25 (100%). Finally, highly significant differences in serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone of the PCOS group compared with the control group and non-significant differences in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) serum levels of the PCOS group compared with the control group. In summary, we observed that women with PCOS with signs and symptoms of PCOS represented mainly in obesity, menstrual irregularity, and hirsutism had higher body mass index, LH levels, and testosterone than women with normal ovaries.

Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones Is Associated With Elevated Blood Glucose in Coronary Heart Disease.

ContextThyroid hormones influence glucose homeostasis through central and peripheral regulation. To date, the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and elevated blood glucose (EBG) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and risk of EBG in patients with CHD, and to further explore their association in different sexes and ages.MethodsThis large multicenter retrospective study included 30,244 patients with CHD (aged 30–80 years) between 1 January 2014 and 30 September 2020. Parameters representing central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones were calculated. Central sensitivity to thyroid hormones was assessed by calculating the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Index (TSHI), and Thyrotropin Thyroxine Resistance Index (TT4RI), and Parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (PTFQI); peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones was evaluated using the ratio of free triiodothyronine (FT3) /free thyroxine (FT4). Taking normal glucose tolerance (NGT) as a reference, logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between central and peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity and EBG in patients with CHD.ResultsAmong the 30,244 participants, 15,493 (51.23%) had EBG. The risk of EBG was negatively correlated with TSHI (OR: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.91 to 0.92; P < 0.001), TT4RI (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99 to 0.99; P<0.001), TFQI (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.80 to 0.84; P <0.001) and PTFQI (OR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.74 to 0.78; P<0.001). Compared to males and patients aged 60 and below, the OR value for EBG was lower in females and in patients aged over 60 years old. Conversely, EBG risk was positively associated with FT3/FT4 (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.09; P <0.001) and in the sex-categorized subgroups, males had higher OR values than females.ConclusionsThis study showed that thyroid hormone sensitivity is significantly associated with EBG in patients with CHD. This association is higher in females than in males, and the association in those aged over 60 years old is higher than that in patients aged 60 years and below.

MiR-124-3p Combined with ANGPTL2 Has High Diagnostic Values for Obese and Nonobese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects 5–20% of women of reproductive age. Interestingly, serum miR-124-3p and ANGPTL2 are differentially expressed in PCOS patients. Accordingly, this study set out to explore the clinical roles of serum miR-124-3p/ANGPTL2 in PCOS. Firstly, miR-124-3p/ANGPTL2 expression patterns were detected in the serum of 102 PCOS patients and 100 healthy subjects. miR-124-3p or/and ANGPTL2 diagnostic efficacy on PCOS was further analyzed, in addition to the measurement of lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, sex hormone indexes, and inflammation levels. Correlations between serum miR-124-3p/ANGPTL2 expressions and age, BMI, Ferriman–Gallwey score, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, sex hormone indexes, TNF-α, and IL-6 in PCOS patients were determined. The expression correlation and binding relationship of ANGPTL2 and miR-124-3p were identified. In addition, miR-124-3p was downregulated and ANGPTL2 was upregulated in the serum of obese and nonobese PCOS patients. miR-124-3p expression was found to be negatively correlated with Ferriman–Gallwey score and serum total testosterone (T), and negatively related to prolactin (PRL). ANGPTL2 expression was positively correlated with FNS and inversely linked with PRL. TNF-α and IL-6 were negatively correlated with miR-124-3p, but positively correlated with ANGPTL2. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation and a targeting relationship between ANGPTL2 and miR-124-3p expression in the serum of obese and nonobese PCOS patients. Collectively, our findings indicated that miR-124-3p might target ANGPTL2 expression in obese and nonobese PCOS patients, and further underscored the diagnostic value of their combination.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Small Incision Thyroidectomy and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Postoperative Hypocalcemia.

ObjectiveAnalyze the clinical effect of modified small incision thyroidectomy and evaluate the influencing factors of hypocalcemia (EH) in patients after operation.MethodsA total of 220 patients with thyroid cancer in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2021 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 110 patients in each group. The control group were treated with traditional thyroidectomy, while the observation group were treated with modified small incision surgery. The perioperative indicators of the two groups were compared. The thyroid hormone indexes of the two groups were meansured before operation and 7 days after operation, and the incidence of complications was compared between the two groups. Serum calcium was detected 7 days after operation in both groups. According to the level of blood calcium, patients were divided into EH group and normal group. The data of two groups were compared, and the related factors affecting the occurrence of EH after operation were analyzed.ResultsThe operation time, incision length and intraoperative bleeding volume of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those of patients in the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in drainage time and postoperative drainage volume between the two groups (p > 0.05). The postoperative PTH level of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in FT3, FT4 and TSH levels (p > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group (11.82%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (34.55%). Logistic regression analysis showed that bilateral lymph node dissection, parathyroidectomy and decreased PTH were the independent risk factors for EH in our patient after operation (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe modified small incision operation can effectively reduce the occurrence of surgical trauma and related complications. Bilateral lymph node dissection, parathyroidectomy and PTH decrease are the risk factors for postoperative EH in patients with thyroid cancer. Taking corresponding measures to improve the metabolic function of patients during perioperative period will help to reduce the incidence of postoperative EH in patients with thyroid cancer.

The influence of maturation, fitness, and hormonal indices on minutes played in elite youth soccer players: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between minutes played (MP) with maturity status, fitness, and hormonal levels, and to quantify their influence on minutes played.MethodsTwenty-four elite youth soccer players under-16 years participated in this study, over a full-season period. Anthropometric measures, maturity status, hormonal and physical fitness levels were collected. Participants were monitored during the season. After the end-season, players were assessed in 6 different tests over a four-day period.ResultsThe maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) was strongly correlated with MP (r = 0.75), maturity offset (r = 0.52), and countermovement jump (r = 0.53). Multiple linear regression explained 76% of MP (F (8, 15) = 6.05, p = 0.001), with an R2 of 0.76. Moreover, Growth hormone (GH) and V̇O2max. were the most influential factors in MP (F (2, 21) = 17.92, p ≤ 0.001), with an R2 of 0.63.ConclusionHigh levels of GH and V̇O2max have a preponderant role in MP by elite youth soccer players, it appears to be more pragmatic to consider other contextual dimensions, as they can impact selection for competition and minutes of participation in a match.

A Comparative Study on Certain Blood Metabolites and Hormonal Indices for Detection of Pregnancy of Crossbred Cows of High Altitude: Mizoram

Background: Early detection of pregnancy can perk up the reproductive competence of dairy animals and decreasing the interval between two successive AI. Several methods of pregnancy diagnosis both direct and indirect are being practiced; but to date, none of these technologies qualifies as the ideal pregnancy detection method due to its limitation. The present study was designed to learn about the changes of hormonal and blood metabolites during early bovine pregnancy. Methods: A total of 30 numbers of crossbred cows at 2nd to 5th lactation was selected for the study. Clinico-gynaecological examination was carried out in all the cows and those have devoid of ill health, having a regular estrous cycle and estrus period were inseminated at mid to late estrus. Ten milliliter of blood samples were collected aseptically from all the cows (6 samples from each cow and a total of 180 samples) on day 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 of post-A.I. From the obtained serum, levels of glucose, cholesterol, BUN, total protein and hormonal profile estrone sulphate, progesterone were analysed. All the cows were observed for the absence of external signs of estrus after AI and pregnancy was confirmed by using ultrasonography and per rectal examination on day 30 to 40 of post insemination. Result: It was observed that level of glucose, BUN, cholesterol and progesterone was significantly increased during early pregnancy (P less than 0.01). While, the serum level of estrone sulphate significantly decreased while advancing the pregnancy. There was positive correlation between the level of progesterone (P less than 0.01) and negative correlation of estrone sulphate (P less than 0.05) with serum glucose, BUN, cholesterol at different days of post A.I. The blood biochemical constituents i.e. glucose, BUN, cholesterol and hormone estrone sulphate, progesterone possibly will used as an ideal marker of early pregnancy in cattle. Thus blood biochemical constituents like glucose, BUN, cholesterol and hormone estrone sulphate, progesterone possibly can be used as a tool for diagnosis of non pregnant dairy cattles with very high accuracy at around 30 days of post insemination.

Effects of breed and sex on the adaptive profile of tropical goats

This study was embarked upon to evaluate breed and sex effects on the thermo-physiology and blood parameters; predict heat stress index and appropriately classify Nigerian West African Dwarf (WAD) and Red Sokoto (RS) goats in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment involving twenty four goats. WAD goats had higher rectal temperature (38.93±0.10 versus 38.59±0.10) and pulse rate (54.78±0.24 vs. 53.67±0.24) compared to their RS counterparts. However, there was no significant difference in heat stress index between WAD and RS goats. Based on thermo-physiological parameters, male goats appeared to be more stressed. There was no significant Breed * Sex interaction effect on thermo-physiological traits. The results of haematological and serum biochemical and hormonal indices of goats also indicated that WAD goats appeared to be more stressed. The male goats had higher Cortisol (58.00±4.88 versus 37.67±4.88) and lower Thyroxine (111.50±8.32 vs. 141.18±8.32) levels. There was no significant Breed * Sex interaction effect on haematological indices. While male and female WAD goats were similar, female RS goats had higher value of TSH (1.20±0.21) than their male counterparts (0.57±0.21). The Artificial Neural Network algorithm revealed that respiratory rate, cortisol, pulse rate and WBC had more influence on heat stress prediction in goats compared to breed, sex and other haematological, serum biochemical and hormonal parameters. Haemoglobin, white blood cells, rectal temperature and pulse rate were sufficient to correctly assign WAD and RS goats to their appropriate breed. The present information may aid breed characterization and conservation of WAD and RS goats. &nbsp; Keywords: Heat stress, blood markers, goats, prediction, tropics

Клінічна характеристика обстежених пацієнток із безпліддям та перенесеним пренатальним стресом

The purpose of the study was to go thoroughly into a question about the clinical features of the history and reproductive status in women with psychoemotional disorders associated with prenatal stress in comparison with the clinical features of the history and reproductive status of somatically healthy women with tubo-peritoneal factor infertility. Materials and methods. The study involved 120 patients, 80 of whom experienced prenatal stress: the main group, which was divided respectively into group 1 – women who underwent in vitro fertilization and group 2 – women who did not undergo in vitro fertilization. For comparison, a control group of 40 women without prenatal stress was formed. The age of the patients ranged from 22 to 45 years. Complaints, medical and life history, gynecological history, educational level were studied in all patients, and the causes of infertility were assessed. Results and discussion. Among the causes of primary infertility, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian insufficiency and associated ovulatory changes, which are manifested by menstrual irregularities, are dominant. Persistent anovulation, lack of correction of menstrual irregularities lead to the development of endocrine-dependent gynecological diseases, one of the manifestations of which is primary infertility. The frequency of infertility with a regular menstrual cycle is 30-70%. In these patients, combined forms of infertility are more common. The study found that in terms of place of residence, social status, the presence of bad habits, gynecological history data, infertile patients in vitro fertilization programs do not differ from healthy women with tubo-peritoneal factor of infertility. A significant difference was revealed between the indicators of the nature of the menstrual cycle in the comparison groups. It was found that a menstrual cycle lasting less than 23 days is a predictor of decreased functional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in women. Analysis of the hormonal regulation of the reproductive function of the examined groups of women established the prevalence of follicle-stimulating hormone indices in the main group over the control group (9.6 ± 0.2 versus 6.2 ± 0.1 mMod / ml, respectively, p &lt;0.05), and the thyroid-stimulating hormone level had no differences between comparison groups. We proposed to distinguish 3 states of ovarian reserve – normal, low and extremely low for women with infertility and a history of prenatal stress. Conclusion. Timely comprehensive assessment of the state of the endocrine system, the state of the ovaries in relation to the state of the regulatory mechanisms of psychoemotional adaptation of women with infertility associated with prenatal stress, which we studied, requires a partial revision of approaches to this group of patients and the timely use of in vitro fertilization to improve the effectiveness of infertility treatment