Horizontal Stripes Research Articles

Отравление селеном и его соединениями в промышленности и быту

Селен — химический элемент с атомным номером 34. Обозначается символом Se. Селен — необходимый для жизни микроэлемент. Обладает выраженными антиоксидантными и антиканцерогенными свойствами. Принимает участие во многих процессах в организме, чем обеспечивает функционирование иммунной и эндокринной систем. Влияет на физическое и умственное развитие у детей. Пища является основным источником селена для человека. В промышленности селен получают как побочный продукт переработки меди. Его используют в электронных полупроводниках, как обесцвечивающее вещество для керамики и стекла, как вулканизирующее вещество в производстве шин. Селен применяется в фармакологии, как антиканцерогенное средство. Соли селена легко всасываются слизистыми оболочками желудочно-кишечного тракта. В крови селен связывается с гемоглобином, образуется селенгемоглобин, в результате возникает гемическая гипоксия. В тканях селен вытесняет серу из серосодержащих аминокислот, нарушаются окислительно-восстановительные процессы. Селениты как активные антиоксиданты уменьшают активность глутатионпероксидазы и глутатионредуктазы и блокируют метаболизм глутатиона. Замена S-S связей селенотрисульфидными комплексами приводит к изменению третичной структуры белков и нарушает их функцию. В больших дозах селен вызывает отравление — селенизм. Для человека токсическая доза селена составляет 5 мг. Обладает политропным действием с преимущественным поражением печени, почек и центральной нервной системы. Острые тяжелые ингаляционные отравления протекают бурно и фульминантно. После вдыхания паров селена в больших концентрациях наблюдается потеря сознания и состояние коллапса. Характерным является чесночный запах изо рта. При ингаляционном пути поступления селена в концентрации 1–4 мкг/л описана клиника раздражения верхних дыхательных путей с развитием токсического отека легких и пневмонии. Наблюдаются явления гастроэнтерита, энцефаломиелита, анорексии, влажный и себорейный дерматит. Хроническая интоксикация селеном напоминает мышьяковую интоксикацию. Характерно снижение массы тела, апатия, усталость, мигрень, головокружение, тошнота, рвота, диарея, тяжесть в области правого подреберья, хронические бронхиты, гипохромная анемия; также выпадение волос, белые горизонтальные полосы на ногтях рук, паронихия, раздражительность, гиперрефлексия, чесночный запах при дыхании и металлический привкус во рту; болезненная чувствительность мышц, тремор, головокружение и покраснение лица. Лечение включает в себя введение антидотов, промывание слизистых оболочек, противошоковые мероприятия и симптоматическую терапию.

Masonry spandrels reinforced by thin-steel stripes: Experimental program on reduced-scale specimens

This paper presents the results of an experimental program conducted on H-shaped reduced-scale reinforced masonry spandrels subjected to monotonic loadings. It summarized tests units, test set-up and experimental results relative to seventeen samples reinforced by thin-steel stripes arranged with different configurations, and compared with those unreinforced. The first configuration comprised masonry spandrels strengthened by unbonded horizontal and diagonal steel stripes (i.e., stripes connected by means of threaded rods to the nodal area of the panel), while the second masonry spandrels reinforced by bonded horizontal stripes (i.e., stripes connected with 5 or 13 threaded rods over the spandrel length). For each reinforcement configuration, slender, intermediate and squat slenderness ratios have been considered for the samples.The conducted research investigated the effectiveness of the reinforcement to enhance the seismic response of the spandrels. Test results demonstrated that the application of steel stripes is beneficial in changing the failure modes from shear-dominated into flexural-dominated, especially for intermediate and squat panels prone to brittle shear mechanisms. Despite that increases of strength are reduced with respect to unreinforced samples, when reinforced the post-peak response changes significantly being it characterized by a remarkable ductile response for whatever spandrels’ slenderness ratios.

Pigment pattern morphospace of Danio fishes: evolutionary diversification and mutational effects.

ABSTRACTMolecular and cellular mechanisms underlying variation in adult form remain largely unknown. Adult pigment patterns of fishes in the genus Danio, which includes zebrafish, Danio rerio, consist of horizontal stripes, vertical bars, spots and uniform patterns, and provide an outstanding opportunity to identify causes of species level variation in a neural crest derived trait. Understanding pigment pattern variation requires quantitative approaches to assess phenotypes, yet such methods have been mostly lacking for pigment patterns. We introduce metrics derived from information theory that describe patterns and pattern variation in Danio fishes. We find that these metrics used singly and in multivariate combinations are suitable for distinguishing general pattern types, and can reveal even subtle phenotypic differences attributable to mutations. Our study provides new tools for analyzing pigment pattern in Danio and potentially other groups, and sets the stage for future analyses of pattern morphospace and its mechanistic underpinnings.

Helmholtz Versus Haute Couture: How Horizontal Stripes and Dark Clothes Make You Look Thinner.

In Helmholtz’s illusion, a square with horizontal stripes appears taller than an identical square with vertical stripes. This effect has also been observed in experiments with human stimuli, where a human figure wearing a dress with horizontal stripes appears thinner than a drawing clad in vertical stripes. These findings do not agree with the common belief that clothes with horizontal stripes make someone appear wider, neither do they disentangle whether the horizontal or vertical stripes account for the thinning effect. In the present study, we focused on the effect of horizontal stripes in clothes comparing horizontal stripes against no-stripes (not against vertical; Experiments 1 and 2), using photos of a real-life female model, and controlling for the average luminance of the stripes (Experiment 2). Results showed that horizontal stripes and lower luminance have—independently—a small-to-moderate thinning effect on the perceived size of the body, and the effect is larger when the two variables are combined. In Experiment 3, we further show that the thinning effect due to the luminance of the dress is enhanced when the general background gets darker.

Of bars and stripes: A Malawi cichlid hybrid cross provides insights into genetic modularity and evolution of modifier loci underlying colour pattern diversification.

Understanding the origins of phenotypic diversity among closely related species remains an important largely unsolved question in evolutionary biology. With over 800species, Lake Malawi haplochromine cichlid fishes are a prominent example of extremely fast evolution of diversity including variation in colouration. Previously, a single major effect gene, agrp2 (asip2b), has been linked to evolutionary losses and gains of horizontal stripe patterns in cichlids, but it remains unknown what causes more fine-scale variation in the number and continuity of the stripes. Also, the genetic basis of the most common colour pattern in African cichlids, vertical bars, and potential interactions between the two colour patterns remain unknown. Based on a hybrid cross of the horizontally striped Lake Malawi cichlid Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos and the vertically barred species Chindongo demasoni we investigated the genetic basis of both colour patterns. The distribution of phenotypes in the F2 generation of the cross indicates that horizontal stripes and vertical bars are independently inherited patterns that are caused by two sets of genetic modules. While horizontal stripes are largely controlled by few major effect loci, vertical bars are a highly polygenic trait. Horizontal stripes show substantial variation in the F2 generation that, interestingly, resemble naturally occurring phenotypes found in other Lake Malawi cichlid species. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of this cross reveals known (agrp2) and unknown loci underlying horizontal stripe patterns. These findings provide novel insights into the incremental fine-tuning of an adaptive trait that diversified through the evolution of additional modifier loci.

P‐16.10: The Introduction of Circuit Simulation Model for TDDI Panels

The multiplexing of common electrode is the frequently used method in TDDI panels now. By this way, common electrode can be used not only as the electrode of Liquid Crystal, but also as touch sensor of TDDI panel. Due to the coupling effect on common electrode from change of pixel voltage, gate and data signal, the change of common electrode may cause unexpected abnormal voltage difference between common and pixel electrode voltage, which may induce different voltage on Liquid Crystal. In this case, there would be inhomogeneous visual effect between adjacent pixels, which may be captured by human eyes in forms of horizontal stripes, gray blocks and some other defects. In order to forecast and prevent the display defects, we explored the circuit‐simulation model to simulate the voltage change of common electrode, which included the influence of gate, data and pixel. Also, the difference of between adjacent pixels is focused to determine whether visual defects would be seen, and based on this result, the design of touch sensor of TDDI panels may be improved.

P‐12.3: The Research on the Influence of Pixel Polarity Arrangement on Display Quality

With the development of large‐scale and high‐resolution TFT‐LCD display products, higher requirements are put forward for display quality. Fine Pitch, cpd coupled horizontal stripe, and head shaking mura are several types of mura that have great impact on display quality. The relationship of pixel arrangement structure and display mura is analyzed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of several common pixel arrangements are summarized and some methods to avoid display mura are proposed.

Results of Using Different Modes of Presentation of Stereostimuli in the Study of Stereo Vision in Normal Children and in Children with Non-Paralytic Strabismus without Functional Scotoma

The work is devoted to one of the actual problems of current ophthalmology — creating effective methods of studying stereovision.The purpose — comparative analysis of the capability of stereoperception under conditions of using different regimes of alternating presentation of stereo stimuli with different characteristics in children with strabismus and in children without ophthalmopathology.Patients and methods. 294 school children — 167 children of the control group (without ophthalmopathology) and 127 children with non-paralytic strabismus without functional scotoma (FSS) were observed. We used stereostimuli with different characteristics in the following regimes of presentation: 1) the regime of simple monocular alternating (alternate presentation of an image for the right and left eye); 2) the regime having an “empty” interval (black background) between monocular phases; 3) the regime having a binocular phase (a binocular image containing details corresponding to the stimuli for the right eye and the left eye) between monocular phases.Results. It was found that the majority of children with non-paralytic strabismus, who are incapable of stereoperception with the classic Fly-test and Lang-test, can perceive the stereoeffect with alternating presentation of stereostimuli within individual ranges of durations of monocular phases, a binocular phase and an “empty” interval. In children of the control group when switching from the simple alternation regime to the “empty” interval regime the maximal durations of monocular phases, which preserved the stereoeffect, decreased and when switching to the binocular phase regime they significantly increased. In children with strabismus linear images are simpler for stereoperception than random-dot images as well as in children of the control group (p < 0.001); stimuli creating the effect of the frontoparallel separation of details get perceived better than those creating the decline effect or the turning effect (p < 0.001); stimuli creating the effect of the vertical stripes decline get perceived better than those creating the effect of the horizontal stripes turning (p < 0.001). However, as opposed to the children of the control group, in children with strabismus the stereoeffect gets formed better under conditions of the peripheral localization of linear details than under conditions of the central one.Conclusion. Using computer programs with different regimes of alternating presentation of stereostimuli with certain characteristics allows to effectively evaluate individual capability of stereoperception which is necessary for the personalized approach to the selection of visual stimuli and stimuli presentation regimes in functional treatment of patients with non-paralytic strabismus.

Phase diagram of the two-dimensional dipolar Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and Ising anisotropy

We study phase transitions in the two-dimensional Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, Ising anisotropy $\ensuremath{\eta}$, and dipolar interaction under zero and finite magnetic fields $H$. For three typical strengths (zero, weak, and strong) of the dipolar interaction, we present the $H\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\eta}$ phase diagrams by estimating order parameters for skyrmion-lattice and helical phases and in-plane magnetization using a Monte Carlo method with an $O(N)$ algorithm. We find in the phase diagrams three types of skyrmion-lattice phases, i.e., two square lattices and a triangular lattice, helical phases with diagonal and vertical (or horizontal) stripes, a canted ferromagnetic phase, and a polarized ferromagnetic phase. The effect of the dipolar interaction varies the types of the skyrmion and helical phases in a complex manner. The dipolar interaction also expands the regions of the ordered phases accompanying shifts of the phase boundaries to the positive $H$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ directions and causes an increase of the density of skyrmions and shortening of the pitch length (stripe width) of helical structures. We discuss the details of the features of the phase transitions.

The feather pattern autosomal barring in chicken is strongly associated with segregation at the MC1R locus.

Color patterns within individual feathers are common in birds but little is known about the genetic mechanisms causing such patterns. Here, we investigate the genetic basis for autosomal barring in chicken, a horizontal striping pattern on individual feathers. Using an informative backcross, we demonstrate that the MC1R locus is strongly associated with this phenotype. A deletion at SOX10, underlying the dark brown phenotype on its own, affects the manifestation of the barring pattern. The coding variant L133Q in MC1R is the most likely causal mutation for autosomal barring in this pedigree. Furthermore, a genetic screen across six different breeds showing different patterning phenotypes revealed that the most striking shared characteristics among these breeds were that they all carried the MC1R alleles Birchen or brown. Our data suggest that the presence of activating MC1R mutations enhancing pigment synthesis is an important mechanism underlying pigmentation patterns on individual feathers in chicken. We propose that MC1R and its antagonist ASIP play a critical role for determining within-feather pigmentation patterns in birds by acting as activator and inhibitor possibly in a Turing reaction-diffusion model.

Pattern biases, but not positional cues, influence learning in the little brown skink, Scincella lateralis

Abstract Studies of many lizard species have established they are capable of learning to escape to one specific retreat out of several available retreats and will escape to it when subjected to a simulated predator attack. Recently, researchers have focused on the processes involved in learning, including what cues lizards use to learn to escape to a retreat. Previous work on the little brown skink lizard, Scincella lateralis, has shown that it is capable of learning to escape to a specific retreat when it has gained prior experience with its environment and that its performance is better when a retreat is associated with a vertical stripe local cue than when the retreat was associated with a horizontal stripe one. Here I report the results of two additional experiments undertaken to gain a better understanding of how little brown skinks react to cues in their environment. In Experiment 1, the positional cue test, I tested if little brown skinks could be trained to escape to a specific retreat when the only cue available was a positional cue that lizards could use to orient themselves by conducting a series of trials in which little brown skinks were trained to escape to the retreat to the left or the right of a vertical cylinder. Only 2 of the 16 (12.5%) little brown skinks met the learning criterion. This was not significantly different from what is expected if lizards chose their retreats at random suggesting little brown skinks are poor at learning when only a positional cue is available. In Experiment 2, the pattern bias test, I tested if the little brown skink’s superior performance learning to escape to a retreat with a vertical stripe cue in previous experiments was due to a bias for vertical stripes (or against horizontal stripes) through a series of trials in which little brown skinks had to choose between two escape retreats: one with a vertical stripe local cue and the other with a horizontal stripe local cue. A significant bias for the vertical stripe local cue retreat was found among 24 adults, but not among 12 neonates. These results suggest pattern bias among adult little brown skinks impacted the results of previous studies. The possibility that lizards may have biases for colours or shapes and that these biases may have an impact on learning studies is discussed.

An Autonomous System of Pattern and Colour Identification for the Visually Impaired

A visually impaired person can identify the shape of an object by the sense of touch but to recognize the colour and pattern of a textile would require the assistance of a helper. The paper proposes a system which can assist a person with visual disability in real time. The proposed system will be able to detect both the colour as well as pattern of the textile. For pattern detection, Hough line transform is implemented and for colour detection k-means clustering algorithm is implemented. Both used together can detect the colour and pattern, thus making the user independent of assistance of another. The system can detect patterns such as plain, vertical stripes, horizontal stripes, diagonal pattern and checks. Also the system detects the entire range of colours and the colour range is not limited. The main scope is to build an independent system which will be self-sufficient. The system also converts the identified data to audio for assistance to the visually impaired.

Accurate feature point detection method exploiting the line structure of the projection pattern for 3D reconstruction.

The 3D imaging methods using a grid pattern can satisfy real-time applications since they are fast and accurate in decoding and capable of producing a dense 3D map. However, like the other spatial coding methods, it is difficult to achieve high accuracy as is the case for time multiplexing due to the effects of the inhomogeneity of the scene. To overcome those challenges, this paper proposes a convolutional-neural-network-based method of feature point detection by exploiting the line structure of the grid pattern projected. First, two specific data sets are designed to train the model to individually extract the vertical and horizontal stripes in the image of a deformed pattern. Then the predicted results of trained models with images from the test set are fused in a unique skeleton image for the purpose of detecting feature points. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher location accuracy in feature point detection compared with previous ones.

The McCollough World: Induction of orientation-contingent aftereffects with an altered-reality system

The McCollough Effect is a color aftereffect produced by exposure to colored, oriented patterns. For example, following adaptation to vertical red and horizontal green stripes in alternation, vertical black and white patterns appear greenish, while horizontal black and white patterns appear reddish. The striking aspect of the McCollough Effect is that just a few minutes of adaptation can produce an aftereffect lasting days or weeks. Though this effect is easily induced, previous work has shown that stronger effects can be achieved with longer periods of adaptation. To allow especially long adaptation durations, the current work develops a novel method of induction of the McCollough Effect using live video feed, filtered by orientation, and viewed with a head-mounted display. Results showed that this “McCollough World” paradigm was as strong an inducer (per unit time) as traditional paradigms using gratings, while allowing observers to adapt comfortably for multiple hours. Two hours of McCollough World adaptation produced effects that were significantly larger than 20 min of traditional adaptation, which is close to the tolerance limits for gratings. This work provides insight into the features necessary for induction of the McCollough Effect and provides a strategy for creating especially strong and long-lasting color aftereffects.

Integrative taxonomy reveals the historically poorly defined armoured catfish Hypostomus variipictus (Ihering 1911), from the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil (Siluriformes, Loricariidae).

In a recent expedition to the rio Grande basin, a tributary of the rio Paraná in southern Brazil, individuals of the armoured catfish genus Hypostomus with a peculiar and beautiful colour pattern composed of pale vermiculations on the head and four to five horizontal stripes on the flanks were collected. Initially, the specimens were identified as a colour morph of the pale-spotted H. margaritifer. However, when we compared their partial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene to sequences of some typically pale-spotted H. margaritifer, the striped specimens were genetically distinct. Further analysis of the striped individuals revealed that they are the poorly known but valid species Hypostomus variipictus, which was described by Ihering in 1911 from the rio Pardo, a tributary of the rio Grande, upper rio Paraná basin, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Since its descriptions, no robust taxonomic work has been published concerning this species. In this study, the newly sampled population was compared to the original description and to the holotype of H. variipictus, providing the foundation for a complete redescription, proper diagnosis, and first live colour illustration and description of the previously hidden H. variipictus.

Camera calibration based on color-coded phase-shifted fringe

Aiming at the low adaptability of blurring noise of target feature points in traditional calibration methods, a calibration method based on the color-coded phase-shifted fringe is proposed. Using a liquid crystal display panel as the calibration target, horizontal and vertical color-coded phase-shifted stripes are displayed in sequence; the orthogonal phase-shifted stripes are obtained by separating color channels; based on the phase-shifteg theory, the intersections of the orthogonal phase truncation lines are calculated as the feature points. After changing the target position multiple times and extracting feature points, the plane-based camera calibration technique is applied to realize the calibration of both the single camera and the binocular system. Furthermore, color-coded phase-shift circles are added to four corners of the target pattern to automatically extract and sort feature points. Accordingly, the efficiency of calibration is promoted. The experimental results indicate that when the target image is blurred, the reprojection error of the single-camera calibration is 0.15 pixels, and the standard deviation of the binocular system measurement after calibration is 0.1 mm.

Demonstration of elementary functions via DNA algorithmic self-assembly.

Target-oriented cellular automata with computation are the primary challenge in the field of DNA algorithmic self-assembly in connection with specific rules. We investigate the feasibility of using the principle of cellular automata for mathematical subjects by using specific logic gates that can be implemented into DNA building blocks. Here, we connect the following five representative elementary functions: (i) enumeration of multiples of 2, 3, and 4 (demonstrated via R094, R062, and R190 in 3-input/1-output logic rules); (ii) the remainder of 0 and 1 (R132); (iii) powers of 2 (R129); (iv) ceiling function for n/2 and n/4 (R152 and R144); and (v) analogous pattern of annihilation (R184) to DNA algorithmic patterns formed by specific rules. After designing the abstract building blocks and simulating the generation of algorithmic lattices, we conducted an experiment as follows: designing of DNA tiles with specific sticky ends, construction of DNA lattices via a two-step annealing method, and verification of expected algorithmic patterns on a given DNA lattice using an atomic force microscope (AFM). We observed representative patterns, such as horizontal and diagonal stripes and embedded triangles, on the given algorithmic lattices. The average error rates of individual rules are in the range of 8.8% (R184) to 11.9% (R062), and the average error rate for all the rules was 10.6%. Interpretation of elementary functions demonstrated through DNA algorithmic patterns could be extended to more complicated functions, which may lead to new insights for achieving the final answers of functions with experimentally obtained patterns.

The Boundless Whoosh

The Boundless Whoosh Linette Lao (bio) Dear Girls Ali Wong Random House www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/561707/dear-girls-by-ali-wong/ 240 Pages. Print, $18.00 Ali Wong crosses the stage toward the spotlight. The horizontal stripes of her tight dress amplify her big pregnant belly. She ambles slightly—subtly—just enough to stir memories of the weight of my own belly when I was seven and a half months pregnant. It's just enough to engage people who haven't been pregnant to project the imagined physical pains, the swollen ankles and sore backs of pregnant ladies onto Wong. The deliberate use of her physicality—at the moment she is introduced and the audience is open, expectant and taking in her burgeoning belly—becomes clearer over the course of the show. Our assumptions of prenatal unspryness are revealed and transformed as Wong's pregnant lady shuffle becomes a twerk (a move designed to achieve optimal egg fertilization) and then, later, a wildly energetic Cabbage Patch and Running Man. In Baby Cobra, her 2016 breakout special, Wong is a magician: making us laugh—and squirm—engaging then transforming our assumptions of identity and motherhood. What she creates is an invention, an elegantly unfolding contraption built with our own expectations—a portal, moving us from a place we think we know to another boundless one—in an unexpected whoosh! Dear Girls is structured as a series of letters to Wong's infant and preschool-age daughters, who "are prohibited from reading this book until [they] are 21 years old." While the pretense is a solid comedic setup for sharing stories about a bevy of flaccid lovers, ayahuasca insights, and anal sex, it's not only that. Before Wong's father died of cancer, he left her a letter. "I'm very grateful for the letter but I wish he had written more about himself. There are so many questions I have for him—how he overcame all the challenges of his youth and the person he was before I was born. And so I wanted to leave something for you girls when I die, besides a collection of oversized glasses for you to sell on eBay," she writes. There is an Instagram feed (and book) called Mothers Before (2020). Scrolling through the pages and pages of photos posted by their offspring, you'll see girls and women, captured on film, from every decade: young women with their hair teased high at prom, singing in their bands, bikini-clad at the beach, in front of the Eiffel Tower, fixing motorcycles, with spoons stuck to their noses, smiling, laughing, or looking out into space. The images generate a sense of wonder as we are confronted with the perplexing evidence that a mother is a person, that a mother is a woman, who existed and lived her own life before we were, literally and figuratively, in the picture. That we are the center of our mothers' lives is a ridiculous, archaic, yet irresistibly sticky, idea. What do we risk and what would we gain if our children knew all our stories? The premise of Dear Girls, like much of Wong's comedy, is an expression of many things at once: a comedic set up, a creative challenge, a heartfelt quest, a boundary to push against—and a way to extend a sense of generosity to the reader and write what is meaningful. The stories in Dear Girls are wholesome at heart—tales of bad dates and her wild adolescence are nested between loving and comical stories of family, the one Wong was born into and the one she builds. Wong grew up in San Francisco, the youngest of four siblings. She was raised by a mother who immigrated from Vietnam and a Chinese American father, the son of a man who came to the United States at age eight to work as a houseboy. She grew up in a city she calls an "Asian Wakanda" with parents who made a point to champion the cultural contributions of Asian Americans—from Margaret Cho, to Maxine Hong Kingston, to Lou Diamond Philips. Springing from this Asian Wakanda, Wong builds on and surges beyond...

Destriping and evaluating FY-3D MERSI-2 data with the moment matching method based on synchronous reference image

Medium Resolution Spectral Imager II (MERSI-2) is a payload of the China meteorological satellite FY-3D. The sensor bands 24 (10.3 to 11.3 μm) and 25 (11.5 to 12.5 μm) images, which are most suitable for land surface temperature (LST) retrieval, have higher spatial resolution than that of similar sensors. However, bands 24/25 images with spatial resolution of 250 m (hereafter bands 24/25 250-m images) have considerable horizontal stripe noise caused by the limitation of the sensor imaging system’s multi-detector parallel scanning and the multiple interferences from space. Thus, the application value of LST retrieval using bands 24/25 250-m images is severely affected. At present, existing methods used to remove stripe noise often cannot retain the spectral information of the original image. Our research considers that MERSI-2 bands 24/25 images with spatial resolution of 1000 m (hereafter bands 24/25 1000-m images) and no stripe noise can provide reasonable reference statistics for bands 24/25 250-m images. Thus, the moment matching method considering synchronous reference image is applied to remove the stripe noise of bands 24/25 250-m images in the land area. Results shows that the moment matching method considering the synchronous reference image can effectively remove the stripe noise in the land area. In addition, quantitative evaluation criteria, such as information entropy H, mean-absolute-error (MAE), and peak signal-to-noise ratio, are better than those of the traditional moment matching method. After destriping, the LST values using MERSI-2 data are retrieved with better effect and decrease by 0.339 and 0.504 K using MAE and root-mean-square error, respectively, in contrast to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer LST product.

Evolution of the potassium channel gene Kcnj13 underlies colour pattern diversification in Danio fish

The genetic basis of morphological variation provides a major topic in evolutionary developmental biology. Fish of the genus Danio display colour patterns ranging from horizontal stripes, to vertical bars or spots. Stripe formation in zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a self-organizing process based on cell−contact mediated interactions between three types of chromatophores with a leading role of iridophores. Here we investigate genes known to regulate chromatophore interactions in zebrafish that might have evolved to produce a pattern of vertical bars in its sibling species, Danio aesculapii. Mutant D. aesculapii indicate a lower complexity in chromatophore interactions and a minor role of iridophores in patterning. Reciprocal hemizygosity tests identify the potassium channel gene obelix/Kcnj13 as evolved between the two species. Complementation tests suggest evolutionary change through divergence in Kcnj13 function in two additional Danio species. Thus, our results point towards repeated and independent evolution of this gene during colour pattern diversification.