Horizontal Relationships Research Articles

대학생 대상 감성지능을 활용한 교양교과목 운영의 효과

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of emotional intelligence-based liberal arts subjects for college students. The subjects of the study were 20 college students attending S University located in Chungcheongbuk-do who took the liberal arts elective class “Relationships and Communication” in the first semester of the 24th year. Analysis was done with T-test using SPSS 25.0. Looking at the research results, as a result of the effectiveness analysis, understanding of one's own emotions, understanding of others' emotions, use of emotions, student-student relationship, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation were significantly improved, indicating the effectiveness of an emotional intelligence-based liberal arts subject. This study showed that university liberal arts courses need to be evaluated in accordance with the needs of the students, the horizontal relationship between the instructor and the students, and the characteristics of the course. It is suggested that various studies be conducted in the future on the application of emotional intelligence in university liberal arts courses.

Trust the People? Populism, Trust, and Support for Direct Democracy

Populism is commonly understood as a response to frustrations with the functioning of modern democracy, while the use of direct democratic mechanisms has been hailed as a remedy for the ailing of representative democracies. Indeed, populism’s emphasis on direct citizen participation in decision-making is tightly linked to its distrust of representative institutions and the political elite as the cornerstone of mediated representation. Trust, however, matters for any functioning democratic institutional arrangement, and we contend that its role warrants more attention when considering the viability of alternative modes of decision-making such as referendums, particularly in the nexus of populism–democracy. Using original public opinion surveys implemented in Argentina, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, we distinguish among different objects of trust—elites, institutions, “the people,” or the society at large. We also explore citizens’ levels of trust in these objects and their association with institutional designs of direct democracy. Our results offer preliminary insights into the importance of horizontal and vertical trust relationships in shaping procedural preferences for different configurations of direct democracy.

Couples therapy and the challenges of building trust, fairness, and justice.

The cornerstone of the contextual family therapy model is predicated on the belief that all family members benefit from trustworthy relationships, which result from (a) acknowledging the contributions of deserving family members, (b) engaging in responsible interactions, and (c) ensuring a fair distribution of relational burdens and benefits. Nonetheless, conflicts may arise when one partner asserts a claim to relational resources based on need, while the other believes they are entitled to such resources based on merit. Based on relational ethics and the development of trust, this paper focuses on the therapist's role in facilitating the conflict-resolution process to assist couples in reestablishing individual responsibility and accountability within the systemic framework of couple therapy. It elucidates several clinical strategies, including (a) cultivating trust through fairness and focusing on the importance of reciprocity and equitable give-and-take, (b) detecting destructive entitlement, and (c) marital relationships and ethics of care. Several clinical examples are discussed, as well as common couple relational issues associated with horizontal and vertical relationships, partnership, and fusion, and the impact of gender and power dynamics and trustworthiness based on the feminist lens.

Leadership in Public Sector Interorganizational Networks: A Synthesis of the Literature and Propositions Based on a Multiple Case Study

Abstract Previous studies characterize public sector interorganizational networks as sets of horizontal relationships between autonomous organizations. Due to these horizontal relationships, networks seemingly offer a promising context for leadership beyond hierarchical tools of coordination as prevalent in individual, hierarchical organizations. However, despite the promising role of leadership in public sector networks, as yet no conceptualization of the functioning of leadership within this context has been developed. This is mainly due to the current disconnect between various branches of scholarly literature on collaborative governance, network management, and leadership. Based on a synthesis of the literature and an empirical investigation of three public sector networks in The Netherlands, this study aims to fill this gap by providing a conceptual framework of leadership in public sector interorganizational networks constituting the types, distribution, and directions of leadership behaviors and the formulation of four theoretical propositions that relate these behaviors to network context.

An improved intelligent optimization algorithm for small-batch order production scheduling

Although the critical path method (CPM) is effective for the integrated scheduling of small-batch orders, its overemphasis on vertical process relationships and neglect of horizontal parallel relationships have imposed limitations on scheduling, often leading to suboptimal outcomes in terms of the total product completion time. This study introduces an innovative algorithm designed to overcome these limitations and further optimize the total processing time of products. We propose a strategy of "exchanging adjacent processes on the same device", which operates based on the scheduling results of the CPM. By swapping adjacent and interchangeable processes within the constraints of the problem, this algorithm generates multiple new scheduling schemes, effectively expanding the solution space. This expansion enables the discovery of optimized solutions that leverage "horizontal parallel relationships", which is crucial for reducing the "total processing time of products". Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through experiments.

The leaderlessness conundrum: Politics and anti-politics in global justice movements

Collective action failures are often attributed to inadequate organisation and leadership. Protest movements – including recent state-level protests and revolts, from the “Arab Spring” to the square occupations and Black Lives Matter, and transnational ones like the World Social Forum and recent expressions of the environmental movement such as Fridays for Future and Extinction Rebellion– have been arenas of conflicts over organisational structures and leadership. Activists consider leaders along a spectrum from representatives of the group interests, values and identity, through seductive manipulators of individuals and discourses, to illegitimate undemocratic usurpers. Some activist collectives reject leadership’s emancipatory claims and (cl)aim to prefigure horizontal political relationships. For others, leaderlessness (re)produces structures of domination that cause the collapse of collective action. I propose that a) groups appoint leaders (formal or informal) when they feel unable to ensure their survival (due to oppression, challenges to lifestyle or livelihood) or to prevent the spread of unbearable feelings (helplessness, frustration, anxiety), b) leaders do not (mostly, often at all) represent the group’s conscious will, but its underlying emotions and beliefs, and c) leadership and individual autonomy are inversely proportional and so are leadership investments and group-wide political creativity. Drawing on critical leadership studies and the psychoanalytic study of groups, I introduce some aspects of the relationship between leadership and anti-leadership and, on the other hand, politics and anti-politics. The argument presented applies to any group, formal, informal and unconscious.

Mobile genetic elements define the non-random structure of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi pangenome.

Bacterial relatedness measured using select chromosomal loci forms the basis of public health genomic surveillance. While approximating vertical evolution through this approach has proven exceptionally valuable for understanding pathogen dynamics, it excludes a fundamental dimension of bacterial evolution-horizontal gene transfer. Incorporating the accessory genome is the logical remediation and has recently shown promise in expanding epidemiological resolution for enteric pathogens. Employing k-mer-based Jaccard index analysis, and a novel genome length distance metric, we computed pangenome (i.e., core and accessory) relatedness for the globally important pathogen Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (Typhi), and graphically express both vertical (homology-by-descent) and horizontal (homology-by-admixture) evolutionary relationships in a reticulate network of over 2,200 U.S. Typhi genomes. This analysis revealed non-random structure in the Typhi pangenome that is driven predominantly by the gain and loss of mobile genetic elements, confirming and expanding upon known epidemiological patterns, revealing novel plasmid dynamics, and identifying avenues for further genomic epidemiological exploration. With an eye to public health application, this work adds important biological context to the rapidly improving ways of analyzing bacterial genetic data and demonstrates the value of the accessory genome to infer pathogen epidemiology and evolution.IMPORTANCEGiven bacterial evolution occurs in both vertical and horizontal dimensions, inclusion of both core and accessory genetic material (i.e., the pangenome) is a logical step toward a more thorough understanding of pathogen dynamics. With an eye to public, and indeed, global health relevance, we couple contemporary tools for genomic analysis with decades of research on mobile genetic elements to demonstrate the value of the pangenome, known and unknown, annotated, and hypothetical, for stratification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) populations. We confirm and expand upon what is known about Typhi epidemiology, plasmids, and antimicrobial resistance dynamics, and offer new avenues of exploration to further deduce Typhi ecology and evolution, and ultimately to reduce the incidence of human disease.

Modernity and democracy in normal school: the School Republic in the 1920 reform in São Paulo (Brazil)

ABSTRACT At a time when extremist movements are gaining proportions on the world stage, it is relevant to reanalyse experiences that intended to establish democracy as a principle in school education. The School Republic was one of them, which was proposed by the Sampaio Dória Reform, in 1920, taking the New School as its context; the School Republic aimed to promote modernity and provide students with knowledge and experience, and incorporate democracy. The School Republic was a student association that had the function of practical learning in civic education. Organised along the lines of a presidential republic, the association should have its own constitution to govern its operation. This article aims to analyse the School Republic proposal and its role in teacher education for democracy and to map the experiences of implementing school republics in normal schools. The starting point is that by having self-government as its axis, the student association would promote new configurations and change the constituted ethos and habitus, threatening the established and inscribed power of principals and teachers in normal schools. For Sampaio Dória, students should learn to live in a democracy through civic activities. Among other changes promoted by the reform, the more horizontal relationship between teacher and student seems to have shaken the school field, ending the school republic

Cyclic performance of precast steel beam-to-CECFST column exterior sub-assemblages with dry connections: Experimental studies and mechanism analyses

Combining advantages of both reinforced concrete (RC) and concrete-filled steel tube (CFST), concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube (CECFST) members demonstrate superior structural performance over pure RC or CFST counterparts. Nevertheless, current research in this domain has primarily focused on member and connection behaviour of CECFST columns, with no attention given to frame-level performance. This significantly impedes applications of this form of high-performance composite members into actual engineering practice. To bridge this research gap, a novel precast steel beam-to-CECFST column composite system is proposed in this study. This is followed by a comprehensive experimental programme, where seven precast steel beam-to-CECFST column exterior sub-assemblages were tested under cyclic loads. In the test specimens, three types of connections, including beam-to-beam (B-B), column-to-column (C-C) and beam-to-column (B-C), were incorporated to establish a precast steel beam-to-CECFST column sub-assemblage. Horizontal displacement versus shear force relationship and failure mode of the test specimens are reported, followed by a detailed analysis of test results and findings. Furthermore, a comprehensive mechanism analysis is presented, with emphasis on energy dissipation behaviour and deformation mechanism of the proposed precast composite system. The test results show that the proposed precast composite system has comparable load-carrying capacity and energy dissipation capacity in comparison with conventional cast-in-place counterparts. This indicates that despite using precast beam-to-beam and column-to-column connections, structural performance of the composite frame system would not be significantly affected, showing that this form of precast steel beam-to-CECFST column composite system has considerable potential to be adopted in actual engineering practice.

Uncovering Research Clusters in Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A VOSviewer Approach

Job satisfaction and organizational commitment are two key concepts that have attracted the attention of researchers and practitioners for a long time. Job satisfaction refers to how much an employee feels happy or satisfied with the work they do. The scope of work that employees do is connected to other factors, such as the work environment, as well as horizontal and vertical relationships in the workplace. On the other hand, organizational commitment refers to the employee's attachment to the organization. This study examines job satisfaction and organizational commitment in various industries using systematic Bibliographic Review. The data used is 150 articles in the Emerald database from 2019 to 2024. The keywords used in the search are "Job Satisfaction" AND "Organizational Commitment". The 150 articles were then processed using VOSviewer and then analyzed to find research maps and future research recommendations. shows that there is still an open possibility of research on variables that have not been explored much by previous studies. From the network visualization analysis, several variables that are still interesting to study include job dissatisfaction, psychological empowerment, remote workforce, social support, socio emotional resources, spiritual gain, material gain, salary satisfaction, supervisor citizenship behavior, and transparency practice. Based on overlay visualization analysis, several interesting variables to be studied include spiritual leadership, capability control, occupational strain, conscientiousness, and supervisory commitment. Meanwhile, based on the density visualization display, the variables that can still be explored include inclusive leadership, supervisory commitment, individual initiative, output control, psychological empowerment, and voluntary turnover intention. Keywords: VOSviewer, Systematic Bibliographic Review, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Human Capital Management

Pendidikan Alquran Berbasis Budaya Melayu Dan Iptek Di MAN 2 Langkat Tanjung Pura Kabupaten Langkat

This research aims to she how koran education is based on malay culture and science and technology in Man 2 Langkat , Langkat Distrcik. We know that knowledge is hinted at by Allah in the Koran in the form of raising the level of people who have knowlwdge and it is imposibble to achieve progress (desire) to function this nature well without the power. Science and technology is a means for humanity to always be able to color to maly culture that exists in Langkat. Science and technology is a person’s advanced knowledge and is able to be a tool for solving problems. It is something that no one can leave behind because it is very important. This is often mentioned in the Koran , meaning that Islam strongly recommends the development of science and technology. The link between Malay culture based Koranic education and science ad technology is that the Koran views education as the first and main issue in developing and improving the condition of humanity in the world. The teachings contained therein include faith, monotheism, noble morals, and rules regarding vertical and horizontal relationships which are instilled through education based on Malay culture and science adan technology.In this research, the author provides how to direct and guide children through alquran and science and technology education which is currently developing very rapidly. Malay culture is a step towards maintaining the existing culture in teaching children about Alquran education. Where there are still many parent educating their children to recite the Koran in the afternoon in the villages to get alquran education. As the development of science and technology progresses, it does not become an obstacle for children to receive alquran education.As for the method used in this research, this researcha uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with a qualitative approach. With a qualitative approach, researchers will look at the malay cultural phenomenon in Man 2 Langkat as a forum for implementing formal education. The qualitative selection in this research objectives that want to be described, namely to reveal Alquran education, the development of Malay culture, the implementation of science and technology development on the character of student in the second world. This reason is very correct and appropriate considering the nature of the qualitative research process which involves important efforts such as asking questions and producedures, collecting specific data and interpreting the meaning of the data.

Сутність поняття “туризм”, “турист” та “туристичний кластер”

The article is devoted to the study of the concept’s “tourist”, “tourism”, “tourist service”, “tourist product” and “tourist cluster”. The analysis of the legislation of Ukraine, which regulates tourist relations, was carried out, in particular, regarding the definition of the essence of the concepts “tourism”, “tourist”, “tourist product” and their comparison with the interpretation and understanding in economic thought and statistics. The main characteristics of a tourist have been clarified, namely: physical person; travel time – from 24 hours to 1 year; the purpose of the trip is not related to earning income. A distinction is made between tourist service and tourist product, the collision that arises with the interpretation of the concepts of “tourist product” and “tourist service” in various sciences is investigated. Approaches to understanding the concept of “tourism” as an economic phenomenon, a place of commercial enterprises and their classification into those that directly satisfy the needs of tourists and those that indirectly take part in satisfying these needs are defined. The expediency of determining the legal nature and subject composition of the tourist service, which affects the possible ways of protecting the violated rights of the tourist and the correct identification of the person who will be responsible for the improper provision of services, has been clarified: if it is a tourist service, the subject of responsibility will be the tour operator, if it is another service, the relevant entity providing this service (hotel, transport company, tour guide, etc.). The article examines the concept of “tourism” through the prism of clustering as the most comprehensive approach to understanding this term. It has been studied that the concept of “tourism” as a branch of the economy should be considered in the context of cluster associations of enterprises and other entities that provide services to tourists. The author’s interpretation of the concept of “tourist cluster” is proposed, namely: it is a territorial association of enterprises, research, production and financial companies and other business entities that have vertical and horizontal relationships with the aim of achieving economic and social effects and satisfaction needs of tourists.

Designing for Co-Production in a Territorial Lab for Mental Health

This article explores the co-production of mental health services involving informal actors, patients, and healthcare providers, specifically focusing on the potential of territorial laboratories as experimental spaces for co-producing recovery-oriented services. The research centers on the CoLab Torre Cimabue in the city of Brescia (Italy), where the co-production of mental health and well-being services occurs at the community level, engaging users, family members, local actors, and service providers. Through a thematic analysis of interviews on the experiences within CoLab Torre Cimabue, seven main dimensions emerged, shedding light on the potential role of territorial labs in supporting the co-production of mental healthcare with informal resources. These dimensions encompass informal settings and resources, real-life and recovery-oriented experimentations, tangible and welcoming space, horizontal and equitable relationships, exchange of information and service continuity, omnichannel communication and promotion, and urban regeneration and participation. While the co-design process successfully nurtured a collaborative approach and culture among participants, certain factors have proven indispensable. From these dimensions, the research elaborates on seven pivotal factors—Time, Value, Participation, Co-design, Scale, Space, and Attitude—critical for the co-production of mental healthcare with the active engagement of informal resources, encompassing both service design and service delivery phases. These factors suggest a gap between service design and the service delivery phase, where the actual transformative impact can be generated.

Blir du ensam, lille vän?

The lonely ones? Citizenship ideals in Swedish early childhood education policy. The aim of this article is to discuss the democratic function of education by exploring and comparing the citizenship ideals expressed in Swedish early childhood education policy in 1987 and 2018. The study shows that citizenship that was previously foremost emphasizing the horizontal relationship within a community has shifted towards an emphasis on the vertical relationship between the individual and the state. The ideal has thus shifted from a lived citizenship emphasizing community and belonging to citizenship as an individual status based on ownership of rights. The article concludes that the empowerment of children regarding their formal rights in a context characterized by increased focus on individual learning and freedom may contribute to reducing other aspects of democracy such as community, belonging and care, therefore significantly altering the societal task of education.

리빙랩에서의 집단학습과 매개 활동에 대한 사례연구

Objectives A group of various stakeholders itself cannot automatically guarantee learning for co-creation. For the creation of collective knowledge, intermediary activities that can interconnect and integrate several subjects with different interests, backgrounds, experiences, and knowledge are essential. Living Lab is a place of collective learning based on the horizontal cooperative relationship between private, public, industry, and academia, and is a representative form of co-creation. However, in the case of Living Lab in Korea, research from the perspective of collective learning through co-creation has hardly been conducted. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the collective learning of Living Lab and derive implications, focusing on intermediary activities. Methods A qualitative case study was conducted on the ‘Smart Farm Planning Living Lab for Revitalizing the Old Urban Community’ held in Innovation District, Incheon. In order to structure interactions for collective learning, ac-tivities and tasks for each stage of the Living Lab were organized around the process and results of collective learn-ing, and then classified and analyzed as detailed intermediary activities of facilitating, configuring, brokering ac-cording to the definition of Hakkarainen & Hyysalo(2016). Results In all three stages of Living Lab, the proportion of facilitating was the highest, and brokering were common. This can be interpreted as a result showing that intermediary activities that facilitate actors' activities and broker connections between actors are essential in the process of co-creation to solve social problems. Next, through the three stages of Living Lab, all detailed intermediary activities of the facilitating, configuring, brokering appeared, and it was confirmed that the proportion of detailed intermediary activities was different for each stage of progress. This shows that it is necessary to pay attention to the importance and multifacetedness of interme-diary activities that are overlooked in co-creation through Living Lab. Conclusions This study supports the results of previous studies that the intermediary activities that contribute to collecitve learning and co-creation of Living Lab need to be extended and understood into three types: configuring and brokering as well as facilitating. In addition, the diversity of intermediary activities has important implications for the practical guidelines for Living Lab operation, which are characterized by a spiral development structure that changes according to the results of interaction and learning. Finally, the recognition of the intermediary's unique interactional expertise and the need for research on practical curriculum development and field operation guide-lines based on it were proposed.

Modelling the Performance Consequences of Coopetition in Business Relationships – a Quantitative Approach

Modelling the Performance Consequences of Coopetition in Business Relationships – a Quantitative Approach

The Analytical Model and Horizontal Resistance of the Column-Head Dou-Gong in the Traditional Chinese Timber Structure

ABSTRACT To study the horizontal resistance of the column-head Dou-Gong (CHDG) in the traditional Chinese timber structure, the analytical model of CHDG without or with horizontal gap was proposed in this study. According to the structural form analysis of CHDG, the analytical model of CHDG considers the contact relationship between the components. CHDG has several distinct layers, of which the first layer is modeled as a rotation spring element and the second layer and above of CHDG are modeled as shear spring elements. Then, the horizontal resistance of CHDG was analyzed, and the horizontal load-displacement relationship of CHDG with horizontal gap appears triple polyline, while CHDG without horizontal gap is bilinear. Finally, the effects of parameters, including the length or width of Dadou bottom, height of Mantousun (MTS), width of horizontal gap, and vertical load, on the horizontal resistance was analyzed. The horizontal resistance of CHDG increases significantly with the length or width of the Dadou bottom, height of MTS, and vertical load increase, while the horizontal resistance of CHDG decreases significantly with width of horizontal gap increases.

Leaders' political skills and subordinates' service‐oriented organizational citizenship behavior

AbstractTeam‐oriented tasks are inherent in the hospitality industry, requiring leaders to cultivate quality relationships with subordinates and facilitate team‐member interaction to achieve organizational goals. However, there is a lack of understanding of how leaders' political skills shape vertical and horizontal exchange relationships, leading to subordinates' performance. This study investigates the impacts of leader political skill (LPS) on leader–member exchange (LMX), team–member exchange (TMX), and service‐oriented organizational citizenship behavior (SOOCB) in an airline service setting where leaders' relationship‐building skills and influence and members' interpersonal relationship building are essential. To this end, 289 valid questionnaires were collected from flight attendants in South Korea. Results showed that perceived LPS positively affected LMX and TMX. Additionally, LMX and TMX fully mediated the relationship between LPS and SOOCB.

Constraints on achieving strong horizontal accountability in a public sector context—A case study of refugee resettlement in New Zealand

IMPACT An examination of the cross-governmental agency and non-government agencies’ (NGOs) programme for the delivery of refugee resettlement services in New Zealand identified little evidence of the horizontal accountability relationships that had been expected. The reasons for this problem were investigated. Recommendations to promote horizontal accountability, which apply beyond New Zealand, include rethinking legislation, establishing explicit rules and processes and fostering joint ventures. Practitioners in public management and NGOs working with the public sector, especially those involved in refugee resettlement and inter-organizational collaboration, will find this article valuable. The authors offer insights into enhancing horizontal accountability, promoting effective governance and, ultimately, significantly improving service delivery in complex public service environments.

A Research on the Dual Value Model of Individual Transaction Decision in Ethnic Chinese Society

Abstract In ethnic Chinese society, interpersonal relationships significantly influence transaction decisions, contrasting with Western economic rationality which often neglects the role of "human relationships". This research introduces a Dual Value Model (DVM) to explore how Chinese individuals navigate these complex interpersonal dynamics in transaction decisions. It highlights the integration of Potential Social Value (PSV), stemming from the counterparty's social status (vertical relationship) and emotional closeness (horizontal relationship), with Potential Economic Value (PEV), focusing on the economic outcomes of the transaction. These two potential values are defined through expectancy theory to facilitate communal comparison. This duality necessitates a balance, demonstrating a unique economic-social tradeoff where individuals might accept lower economic benefits in favor of enhancing or maintaining favorable “Guanxi.” The concept of "guanxi mark-down (GMD)" and "Compensatory Mark-up (CMU)" are introduced as strategies employed to steer this balance, reflecting the social etiquette and economic pragmatism within Chinese transactional behavior. The research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Chinese transaction decision-making, offering insights for guiding interpersonal relationships and economic considerations in a socio-cultural context deeply influenced by Confucian principles. Keywords: Transaction decision, Dual value model (DVM), Potential social value (PSV), Potential economic value (PEV), Guanxi; Expectancy theory.