Horizontal Interaction Research Articles

APOYOnline: A Sustainable Approach to Heritage Preservation Across the Americas

ABSTRACT For 35 years, APOYOnline – Association for Heritage Preservation of the Americas has been building bridges of communication and promoting professional development in the field of heritage preservation, strengthening, empowering, and transforming our community, increasing inclusion and access, and reducing social inequalities in the Americas and in Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking countries. As a grassroots, volunteer-based, non-profit organization, we listen to the community and work to address needs caused by widely recognized discrepancies in working conditions, adverse climate conditions, social inequalities in training, and other factors that directly impact heritage preservation and to provide access to specialized technical resources. This paper presents the voices of APOYOnline and the impact of the organization’s catalyzing work in improving resource accessibility and connecting people. This work has mobilized regional and global networks, providing equal opportunities through translation of reference materials in multiple languages, professional development grants for students and emerging professionals, and training and regional networking events in underserved territories in the region. It also addresses our special community-based initiative Manos a la Obra, which strengthens long-term community engagement as a collaborative knowledge-sharing process, based on learning through participation and dialogue. The program improves access to technical information and fosters the long-term sustainability of local and regional cultural heritage preservation efforts, and has served as a model for similar activities in other countries. APOYOnline pursues sustainability through volunteer-based networking showing that communication and horizontal interaction with local communities creates awareness and better opportunities for our professionals and positively impacts heritage preservation in the region.

Правовое регулирование внедрения в деятельность адвокатуры Комплексной информационной системы адвокатуры России (КИС АР)

The article dwells on the legal regulation of the advocate's community digital transformation, the key element of which is the Integrated Information System of Advocate's Community of Russia. The conclusion is made that the creation of the Integrated Information System of Advocate's Community of Russia will allow the automated fulfilment of advocates and other person's rights protection tasks, and will also ensure the advocate's community digital sovereignity through public law regulation. The Integrated Information System of Advocate's Community of Russia will make the transition from the hierarchical structure of processes to horizontal interaction possible.

Combined effect of track-bridge interaction on the dynamic response of a simply supported railway bridge

In this work, the objective is to understand the effect of the nonlinear behaviour of the ballasted track, or the mechanism of vertical and horizontal track-bridge interaction behaviour, on the dynamic response of a simply supported railway bridge, carrying a single ballasted track characterized by a fractional order viscoelastic nonlinear Winkler foundation type, and acted by a moving train load with constant speed. The main feature of the model is that the horizontal and vertical interactions at the interface between the bridge deck and the ballasted track, composed by rails, sleepers and ballast, is introduced through a nonlinear cubic force-displacement relation, schematizing the nonlinear stiffness, plus fractional derivative term for simulating the rail bed’s damping behaviour and a system of horizontally orientated spring-damper elements. By applying the two numerical methods, fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and Finite Difference Method, the validation of the dynamic behaviour of the rail-bridge system is performed, and numerical simulations demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model for predicting the real behaviour of the studied bridge taking into account the track-bridge interaction effect. The influence of the fractional-order derivative and the distance between sleepers on the critical velocities, associated with resonance effects, is also addressed.

Conflict or coordination? The cross-departmental interaction in local environmental governance of China

Organizational coordination has been regarded as a vital factor to determine the environmental governance efficiency of local authority, while existing empirical studies mainly discuss the vertical decentralization but largely ignore the horizontal cross-departmental interaction within single government. Based on the data of 31 Chinese provinces from 2003 to 2017, this paper uses a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) approach, two-way fixed-effect models and dynamic panel regression with system generalized method of moments estimation (SYS-GMM) to investigate the environmental strategic interaction between two representative departments (finance department and environmental protection department) within local governments. The results indicate, on the whole, their environmental governance strategies show a significantly co-directional coordination. However, the cross-departmental interaction obviously varied in different periods and regions (even showed as conflict sometimes), and was synchronized with the dynamic trade-off between economic and environmental targets of China. This research helps understand the inner logic of environmental governance of Chinese government, and can be valuable guidance for other countries to accomplish multi-departmental sustainable development goal.

Connection of BRICS and EAEU integration projects in the context of Russian economic development

The ongoing transformation of the Russian economy under external sanctions pressure determines the development of integration projects in the post-Soviet space, which differ in the form and depth of economic cooperation. The expansion of BRICS, as well as the strengthening of mutual trade with Asia and the search for new trading partners, is of great relevance in the context of studying trade and economic connectivity between the BRICS members, Russia and the EAEU countries. The article is devoted to the analysis of promising areas of cooperation between the BRICS countries and the EAEU. The purpose is to identify the most promising trading partners among the BRICS countries in the context of the expansion of the organization and the accession of five new members. The study highlights optimal models of cooperation between the EAEU and BRICS countries in the context of reorientation of trade flows. The conclusion of the article is the need to strengthen horizontal interaction between companies of the EAEU and BRICS jurisdictions in the context of increasing the volume of parallel imports of high-tech products and developing infrastructure projects that affect the interests of Russia and partner countries.

Трансдисциплинарность в проблемном поле социальной философии: «зона обмена» vs «социально-эпистемическая арена»

Introduction. Transdisciplinarity as a fundamental characteristic of hybrid informal knowledge specific to a digital society can be explicated in the problematic field of social philosophy. Theoretical analysis. The main categorical explication of transdisciplinarity is the comparison of the concepts of an exchange zone and socio-epistemic arenas. The first is defined by the categorical series of the philosophy of science, the second is a socio-philosophical construct. A comparative analysis allows us to conclude that the exchange zones initially reflect the inter-institutional status of communication, dating back to P. Galison, and initially the leading role in it belongs to a humanitarian specialist who acts as a mediator. In socio-epistemic arenas, more importance is given to media and ordinary people, who coincide in a digital society with the widest possible range of users. A compromise position can be formulated when referring to the model of trans-epistemic cultures of K. Knorr-Cetina. Conclusion. Transdisciplinarity as a special digital zone producing trans-epistemic cultures has features of both an exchange zone and a socio-epistemic arena. Its hybrid characteristics are determined by the structure of a digital society in which institutional boundaries are permeable, horizontal interaction accompanies and strengthens vertical interaction, and networks are mechanisms for the distribution of knowledge by default.

Analytical solution for horizontal vibration of partially embedded pipe pile group in layered saturated soil

AbstractBased on Biot's dynamic wave theory and Novak's plane strain model (PSM), an analytical model for the horizontal vibration of a partially embedded pipe pile group (PEPPG) in layered saturated soil (LSS) that considers the soil‐plugging effect was established: First, the frequency‐domain analytical expressions of the saturated surrounding soil (SSS) and soil plug were obtained by introducing operator decomposition theory and the variable separation method. Second, the analytical solution of the horizontal impedance of a partially embedded pipe pile in the LSS is derived using the coupled condition of the pile–soil interface and transfer matrix method. Finally, an analytical solution for the horizontal impedance of PEPPG in LSS was derived by introducing the horizontal dynamic interaction factor of piles and the superposition method. The derived solution is then reduced and compared with existing theoretical solutions to verify its rationality. In addition, further parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the influences of pile spacing, embedment ratio, properties of layered SSS, and soil‐plugging on the horizontal vibration characteristics (HVCs) of PEPPG.

Теоретические предпосылки формирования теории демократической организации труда

This scientific article is a study of the theoretical prerequisites for the formation of the concept of democratic labor organization. In the past, the main focus was on the concept of rational formal structures as a means of implementing organizational decisions. However, in modern concepts, democratic forms of governance are gaining priority, considering the personal interests of individuals and based on horizontal interaction within the organization. The article analyzes the shift from traditional formal structures to more democratic management models within the framework of modern organizational behavior. The authors emphasize the importance of transitioning to more flexible and democratic management structures to increase organizational efficiency, stimulate employees’ creative potential, as well as create a favorable working environment. The analysis presented in the study is relevant and important in the context of modern labor organization theory, enriching the understanding of how democratic principles can be successfully implemented in the management practice of modern organizations. In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of embracing democratic principles in labor organization theory and practice. By advocating for more flexible and participatory management structures, organizations can enhance their efficiency, foster innovation, and cultivate a conducive work environment. Moving forward, further research and implementation of democratic principles are vital for advancing organizational effectiveness and employee satisfaction.

Experimental investigation on seismic performance of embedded column base for circular CFST

Embedded column bases for concrete-filled steel tubes play an essential role in the structural safety of high-rise and super-high-rise buildings. However, the working mechanism and design methods of embedded column bases remain unclear. This paper presents an experimental investigation of five embedded column base specimens subjected to axial compression load and cyclic lateral load, to thoroughly reveal the seismic performance of such column bases with varied parameters. The failure modes, hysteretic curves, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation, and strain developments were discussed. The test results revealed that increasing the embedded depth ratio and utilizing anti-punching shear reinforcements led to an improvement in the seismic performance of the embedded column base. Moreover, the axial load ratio only influenced the seismic performance of the column when the embedded depth was sufficient. Finally, a calculation method was proposed to determine the ultimate strength of the embedded column base. The method considered the resistances resulting from the horizontal interaction between the steel tube and foundation concrete, vertical interaction between the endplate and foundation concrete, and axial deformation of anchor bolts. The predicted results were found to agree well with the test results.

Creating Transformative Research–Practice Partnership in Collaboration with School, City, and University Actors

Traditional educational research has been criticized for the gap between the research and practice communities, meaning that outcomes do not transfer to educational praxis. To meet this challenge, policymakers, funders, and researchers are developing research–practice partnerships (RPPs). The purpose of this research is to study the research–practice partnership as a strategy for educational transformation in the Finnish educational context. This study highlights the multifaceted perspectives of key RPP stakeholders: teachers, principals, municipality administrators, and researchers. Their experiences were explored through semi-structured interviews. The data were examined through content analysis and categorized into themes depicting the goals and goal-setting process in RPPs, the experiences of RPP activities, and the factors facilitating and challenging RPPs. The results show that stakeholders viewed the goals through the perspectives of professional development; supporting the growth and learning of students; and developing school, municipality, and research practices. Regular participation solidified the commitment to the RPP process. Horizontal interaction worked well between stakeholders, but challenges arose with vertical interaction. We found multiple roles for researchers and municipality administrators. Researchers found that they take on a new role in RPPs as change agents and facilitators. Regarding the facilitating or challenging aspects of RPPs, an open and flexible attitude and atmosphere and readiness for change are demanded on all actor levels. Mutual appreciation and sensitivity facilitate RPP activities. We propose taking all stakeholder perspectives into account when designing RPPs aimed at systemic change and that RPP processes should facilitate both horizontal and vertical interaction.

Межмуниципальное сотрудничество в аспекте преобразований территориальной основы местного самоуправления

The article notes that the territorial organization of local self-government in Russia determines the need for horizontal interaction or inter-municipal cooperation. At the same time, it is proved that the implementation of various forms and types of inter-municipal cooperation cannot be assessed as sustainably effective, some gaps in the legal regulation of the status of associative inter-municipal associations are noted. The author substantiates the urban or urbanized nature of the absolute majority of unions and associations of municipalities. The individual advantages and disadvantages of agglomerations are evaluated. The assumption is made that the fundamental basis of inter-municipal cooperation is the legal personality of its participants and the corresponding conclusions are formulated about the importance of inter-municipal cooperation for the transformation of the territorial basis of local self-government.

О ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОБНОВЛЕННОЙ ПАРАДИГМЫ ТЕОРИЙ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО И ГРУППОВОГО ВЫБОРА

It is proposed to make adjustments to V. Pareto’s theory of utility, recognizing the category of individual utility as primary in relation to the category of individual preferences. With this approach, the properties of preferences become derivatives of the properties of the utility function, and the latter turns out to be uniquely determined up to linear transformations. Attention is drawn to the fact that when analyzing the problem of group choice, researchers relying both on maximizing the group utility function and on binary comparisons of alternative social states traditionally strive to ensure that the social optimum meets the requirements of Pareto efficiency. The failure of such attempts in the article is associated with ignoring the peculiarities of the choice made in hierarchical and network groups. A two-tier model is proposed as a starting point. First, the collective welfare function «constructed» by the members of society is maximized, and then the redistribution of the received benefits through horizontal interaction leads to the consistency of their interests. It is shown why, in practice, making a choice is accompanied by the use of an aggregated social utility function, delegation of the functions of a large group to specially created small groups. The need to pay attention to the formation of adequate motivation in small groups is particularly justified.

Leading professional networks in education: developing connected autonomy across the territory?

ABSTRACT Networking is one of the essential strategies demanded by society today. In recent years, the use of vertical hierarchies in teaching has been relegated to the background, giving way to other forms of horizontal interaction (‘netarchies’). This has increased the opportunities for professionals from different fields and territories to work together creating networked constellations and providing interdisciplinary approaches to educational and community intervention. This change facilitates a more effective interconnection between resources, institutions and stakeholders involved in education. When implementing this way of working, questions arise about the most appropriate type of leadership for these settings, as well as the degree of connected autonomy that results from such experiences. This article analyses the operation of three networked community projects in the Region of Murcia (Spain), which represent good practices in improving social and school care for children and young people. A qualitative analysis of these case studies has led to identifying similarities and differences that encourage reflection on the sustainability of professional networks. To conclude, some reasons are provided to show the progress within this paradigm.

Study on evaluation indexes of the full width deformable barrier test

In order to evaluate the crash compatibility of vehicles, the full width deformable barrier is introduced into the vehicle crash test. Real car to car frontal collision is better simulated by installing deformable barrier on the load-cell wall . By the load-cell wall data, the values and distribution of vehicle frontal collision loads can be further obtained. Based on this, the full width deformable barrier tests are conducted for different structural sedans and SUV. The height index, homology index, horizontal structure interaction index(HSI), vertical structure interaction index(VSI), and minimum load-cell index are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that there is uncertainty when calculating the homology index RH and the evaluation indexes proposed by FIMCAR repeat the first step of VSI and HSI. Therefore, the height index, VSI, and HSI indexes are selected as effective indexes for evaluating the compatibility of the full width deformable barrier test.

The Interaction of Society and Authorities in Urban Development: The Case of Big Cities of Northwestern Federal District

The balanced urban development, the formation of a comfortable urban environment, including the citizens’ active participation in these processes is a priority in the strategic objectives and national projects of the Russian Federation. To reveal the essence of the interactions between society and government the author uses the concept of “civic participation” as a process by which public associations or individuals are involved in interactions with the state (vertical interaction), with other socio-political institutions among themselves (horizontal interaction) to solve socially significant problems. Based on quantitative (questionnaire survey of the urban population, N = 2000) and qualitative (expert interviews, N = 47) methods tested in 5 large cities of the Northwestern Federal District, the author reveals the features of offline and online practices of interaction between the public and authorities, as well as the conditions for their formation in urban development issues. The author concludes that such practices as contacting the authorities and participating in initiative budgeting are more widespread in the cities than, for example, protest participation on the city’s issues. Despite the preference for offline practices for constructive interactions between society and authorities, the active use of information resources and online services is becoming timely. The institutional environment of civic participation is provided with formal regulators, but urban residents are far from being fully informed about them and are not aware of the legal opportunities and limitations that determine their participation in urban development. Informal norms as part of the institutional environment, on the one hand, contribute to the formation of sustainable interactions and organizational infrastructure of socially useful activity; on the other hand, they can be based on the illegal practice of manipulating statuses and resources, which causes the growth of public distrust of state and municipal authorities. The article substantiates the importance of forming a unified information field at the city level on the topical issues of concern to residents, on possible formats of civic participation in the development of a comfortable urban environment. The findings contribute to the understanding of the problems and opportunities for the use of civic participation in urban development.

A smart walker based on a hybrid motion model and machine learning method

Due to the degeneration of musculoskeletal structure and strength, the elderly population is facing significant mobility challenges. Walkers are widely used for mobility-impaired people. In this research, a smart walker has been developed by using a hybrid motion model (HMM) and a machine learning model based on the vertical interaction force to match the velocity between the walker and its user, which can reduce the horizontal interaction force thus to help lower the operational effort. It is equipped with only force sensors on the handlebars as a human-robot interface. The human motion is modeled by using the HMM in which an inverted pendulum model is used in the single support phase and a constant velocity model is used in the double support phase. A novel gait phase detector is built based on a machine learning method to correlate the force information and the walking gait phases. Experiments with three subjects are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the gait phase detection method and the hybrid motion model. The results demonstrate that the walker can accurately identify gait phases with more than 90 % accuracy and the horizontal interaction force is reduced to around 50 % of that under the constant velocity model and power-off condition when using the HMM during walking.

Analytical Solution of Horizontal Dynamic Response of a Floating Pile Embedded in an Elastic–Poroelasitc-Layered Soil

The horizontal dynamic interaction problems of a floating pile with soil have received little attention from scholars in recent years. This paper first proposed an analytical solution for the dynamic characteristics of the floating pile subjected to horizontal steady-state excitation embedded in soil containing the groundwater table level. Based on Biot’s elastodynamic theory, the governing equations of the soil around the pile are obtained. By virtue of the Hankel transform technique and variable separation method, the shaft reactions and base resistances transferred from the soil are calculated and substituted into the dynamic equation of the floating pile derived by the Euler beam model. The dynamic impedance coefficient of the pile head in the frequency domain is obtained by using the transfer matrix method. Comparisons with the previous studies are performed to validate the accuracy of the presented approach. The effects of the thickness of the pile end soil, the slenderness ratio of the pile, the groundwater table level and the relative modulus of pile material on the pile dynamic response are investigated through several numerical analyses. The results show that there is an “active soil thickness” for the horizontal dynamic forced floating piles due to the reflection and refraction of the stand waves. Meanwhile, the effect of the groundwater table level should not be neglected to ensure the safety of pile foundation under service life.

Optimal integration and bargaining decisions in asymmetric competing supply chains under virtual bargaining

This study examines the effects of asymmetric settings and horizontal interaction under three strategies with and without virtual bargaining, including vertical integration (VI), manufacturer’s Stackelberg (MS), and bargaining (BW) strategies—on channel members’ strategy selection in a competing supply chain (CSC) system. We also consider the effect on the performance of channel members, the overall channel, and the entire supply chain. The analysis focuses on whether a manufacturer should adopt a VI or BW strategy compared with the MS strategy. Without virtual bargaining, some counterintuitive results show that manufacturers always choose the VI strategy, but more intense competition could cause them to be trapped in a prisoner’s dilemma. It is known that the BW strategy enables channel members to achieve Pareto improvement, but we find that manufacturers will only choose it under a BW strategy with retailers’ subsidies. With virtual bargaining, we obtain similarly counterintuitive results. Overall, virtual bargaining, horizontal interaction, and asymmetric settings have a minor effect on strategy selection, while having notable ramifications for the performance of channel members, the overall channel, and the entire supply chain. Interestingly, competition between different channels as well as the double-marginal effect within a channel can be reduced by virtual bargaining. Most notably, when compared with the MS and VI strategies, virtual bargaining has the least negative effects on consumer utility and social welfare under the BW strategy.

СОЗДАНИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ГОРОДСКОЙ НИЗОВОЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ АВТОНОМИИ И ЛОГИКА ИХ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА: НА ОСНОВЕ АНАЛИЗА МОДЕЛИ САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ «ГОСТЕВАЯ КОМНАТА» В РАЙОНЕ ЦИНПУ, ШАН, КНР

. In 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China Central Committee emphasized the "acceleration of modernizing urban social governance," which has significant theoretical and practical implications. In 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China Central Committee further proposed requirements such as "strengthening and innovating urban social governance" and "improving the level of urban governance and strengthening risk prevention and control in mega-city governance," pointing out the direction for the next step of modernizing the urban governance system and governance capacity. Urban social governance is an important dimension of national governance and plays a pivotal role in the national governance system. This requires accurate analysis and clarification of the relationship between national governance and local governance, grassroots governance and social governance, urban governance and county-level social governance, and village governance, and promoting the organic combination of the "system of self-governance, governance based on moral principles, and governance by law," to truly achieve the orderly social operation of self-governance, governance based on moral principles, powerful governance by law, and orderly politics. The construction of the institutional framework and mechanism innovation of urban social governance requires the governance content and behavior to be located in appropriate spatial areas and governance units, to flexibly and conveniently form combinations and reconstructions of governance units of different levels, types, and subjects according to local conditions. To optimize the spatial scale of urban social governance, shift the governance focus downwards, and continuously consolidate the pivot and base of modernizing urban social governance, in order to better form a rural-urban integration social governance system with top-down linkage, horizontal interaction, facility connectivity, and data integration, and effectively give full play to the value and function of grassroots governance units to undertake the heavy responsibility of promoting the modernization of national governance.

Analysis of Track Bending Stiffness and Loading Distribution Effect in Rail Support by Application of Bending Reinforcement Methods

Railway track is a linearly inhomogeneous object that consists of geometrical and elastic discontinuities such as bridges, transition zones, rail joints and crossings. The zones are subjected to the development of local instabilities due to quicker deterioration than the other tracks. Until now, there have been no efficient approaches that could fully exclude the problem of accelerated differential settlements in the problem zones. Many structural countermeasures are directed at controlling the sleeper/ballast loading with the help of fastenings/under-sleeper pad elasticities, sleeper forms and additional bending stiffness reinforcements. However, the efficiency of the methods is difficult to compare. The current paper presents a systematic approach in which the loading distribution effect in the rail support by application of two bending reinforcement methods is compared: auxiliary rail and under-sleeper beam. The study considers only the static effects to reach a clear understanding the influence of the main factors. The track equivalent bending stiffness criterion is proposed for comparing reinforcement solutions. The analysis shows that the activation of the bending stiffness of the reinforcement beams depends on the relative ratio of the rail fastenings stiffness and track support stiffness under sleepers (or under the under-sleeper beam). The comparison demonstrates that conventional auxiliary rail reinforcement solutions are ineffective due to their weak bending because of the high elasticity of fastening clips and the main rail fastenings. The share of an auxiliary rail is maximally 20% in the track bending stiffness and cannot be significantly improved by additional rails. The under-sleeper beam-based reinforcement solutions show noticeably higher efficiency. The highest effect can be achieved by the activation of the horizontal shear interaction between the under-sleeper beam and the rail. The additional track bending stiffness of the under-sleeper-based solutions is about 3.5 times more of the rail one and could be potentially increased to 6–10 times.