Hopea Odorata Roxb Research Articles

Optimizing conditions of mycelial inoculum immobilized in Ca-alginate beads: a case study in ectomycorrhizal fungus Astraeus odoratus.

Ectomycorrhizal inoculum has emerged as a critical tool for forest restoration, especially under challenging climate change conditions. The inoculation of selective ectomycorrhizal fungi can enhance seedling survival and subsequent growth in the field. This study optimized the liquid media for mycelial growth of Astraeus odoratus strain K1 and the sodium alginate solution composition for enhanced mycelial viability after entrapment. Using Modified Melin-Norkrans as the optimal media for mycelial cultivation and 2% sodium alginate supplemented with Czapek medium, 0.25% activated charcoal, 5% sucrose, and 5% sorbitol in the alginate solution yielded the highest viability of A. odoratus mycelia. Preservation in distilled water and 10% glycerol at 25°C for 60 days proved to be the most effective storage condition for the alginate beads. Both fresh and preserved alginate beads were tested for colonizing on Hopea odorata Roxb. seedlings, showing successful colonization and ectomycorrhizal root formation, with over 49% colonization. This study fills a crucial gap in biotechnology and ectomycorrhizal inoculum, paving the way for more effective and sustainable forest restoration practices.

Photosynthetic gas exchange in seedlings of Hopea odorata Roxb. (South Vietnam)

Photosynthetic gas exchange in seedlings of Hopea odorata Roxb. (South Vietnam)

Assessing the Cooling and Air Pollution Tolerance among Urban Tree Species in a Tropical Climate.

We present the results of classifying plants at species level that can tolerate air pollution, provide cooling, and simultaneously survive and thrive in urban environments. For this purpose, we estimated the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API) of several species growing in a park located in central Bangkok, Thailand. The cooling effect was quantified by calculating the reduction in soil and air temperatures. Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake, Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr., Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. had the highest API score and were able to substantially reduce the temperature and were in a group of highly recommended species which also included other species like A. saman, C. tabularis, Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) Bertero ex A. DC., Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre etc. Species from both evergreen and deciduous habitat were able to provide ambient cooling but were vulnerable to air pollution and included Elaeocarpus grandifloras Sm. and Bauhinia purpurea L. However, there were other species which had a high air pollution tolerance but failed to provide adequate cooling, such as Hopea odorata Roxb. and Millingtonia hortensis L.f. The results would be of interest to urban greenspace landscapers in such climates while selecting suitable species that can provide multiple ecosystem services ranging from air pollution tolerance to temperature reduction without reducing plant vitality.

Cryopreservation of Hopea odorata Roxb. Seed : Effect of Cryoprotectan Treatment on Physiological and Biochemical Change

Hopea odorata Roxb. is a forest plant from Dipterocarpaceae family that play a crusial economic and ecological functions. Its propagation from generative materials is limited because of the recalcitrant seed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of cryoprotectant and cryopreservation treatment as an alternative seed storage technique on the physiological and biochemical change of H. odorata seeds. Fresh seeds were treated with two cryoprotectan, PVS1 (mannitol) and PVS2 (DMSO 15% (w/v), ethylene glycol 15% (w/v) and glycerol 30% (w/v). in 0.4 M sucrose) with different concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100% (w/v)) and immersion time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min). Seeds were stored at room temperature (28±2⁰C) for evaluation of cryoprotectant toxicity and in liquid nitrogen (-196±2⁰C) for 24 hours. In room temperature storage, seed were immersion into 100%, 75% and 50% of PVS1 showed higher germination value (germination percentage, germination rate, vigour index, maximum growth potensial) and lower biochemical accumulation (electrolyte leakage, total malondialdehyde, total phenol) than PVS2. Cryoprotectant and cryopreservation treatments in this study was not suitable to increase the viability of H. odorata seed. Seeds were unable to germinate cause tissue necrosis and increase of total malondialdehyde.

Identifying modal properties of trees with Bayesian inference

In forested landscapes, the presence of trees enhances turbulent airflow governing the exchange of momentum, heat, and gas between the atmosphere and biosphere, especially when horizontal motion dominates near-surface winds, and tree vibration is a prominent feature of the dynamic interaction between wind and trees. The vibration characteristics of trees reflect their underlying mechanical properties (i.e., mass, stiffness, damping) and govern their response to dynamic loads. Despite numerous investigations of tree vibration, there have been few studies examining methodological improvements for identifying and characterizing variability in the modal properties of trees during ambient wind excitation. In the engineering disciplines, however, there are several techniques commonly used to estimate the modal properties of a structure from its ambient vibration, often called ‘operational modal analysis’ (OMA). Operating in the frequency domain, this study examined the use of Bayesian OMA for identifying several important modal properties, including frequencies, damping ratios, and partial mode shapes, as well as their identification uncertainty. Using the ambient vibration recorded on a mature Hopea odorata Roxb. (Dipterocarpaceae) tree over a one-week period, the identified modal properties and associated uncertainties were physically reasonable and consistent with previous measurements for trees, and the identification uncertainty was much greater for damping ratio than frequency, which can be explained theoretically. Beyond the consistency with existing measurements, the analysis also yielded new insight about the vibration behavior of large trees. The modal properties varied considerably over consecutive one-hour intervals, and the changes were likely related to differences in wind excitation during each period, suggesting the existence of amplitude dependence in the modal properties of trees. Over the same periods, there were consistently two close modes (i.e., with similar frequencies), oriented approximately orthogonal to one another, near the tree's fundamental frequency. With additional evaluation and refinement, the techniques can be used for OMA of trees in different settings.

Stem borer insects on Hopea odorata in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Haneda NF, Furqan M, Suheri M. 2020. Stem borer insects on Hopea odorata in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5308-5316. Hopea odorata Roxb. locally known as “merawan”, is a dipterocarp species that has the potentials to be developed for plantation forestry. Nonetheless, anecdotal evidence in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, suggested that the trees suffered serious attacks caused by stem borer insects, causing defoliation of the crown and leading to stunted growth and death. This phenomenon suggests a more systematic investigation. The objectives of this research were: (i) to identify the species of stem borer which attacked H. odorata; (ii) to investigate the types and forms of the damage of H. odorata tree due to stem borer attack; and (iii) to study the effects of stem borer attack on the tree and wood of H. odorata. The results showed that all species of stem borer insects belong to Coleoptera, namely as Xyleborus perforans (Scolytidae), Xyleborinus perexiguus (Scolytidae), Platypus parallelus (Platypodidae), Belionota prasina (Buprestidae), Curculionid beetle, and Tenebrionid beetle. The number of boring holes on a single tree was 1932 holes, of which 98.6% caused by ambrosia beetles: Xyleborus perforans (1426 holes, 73.8%), Xyleborinus perexiguus (457 holes, 23.7%), and Platypus parallelus (21 holes, 1.1%). The length of boring tunnel at cross-section ranged between 2-35 cm and at longitudinal section ranged between 4-6 cm. The number of boring holes decreased along with the increasing height of tree stem. The patterns of boring tunnel at stem cross-section were branching (X. perforans, P. parallelus); encircled (X. perforans), black stains along their wall (X. perexiguus, X. perforans, P. parallelus).

PENGARUH UMUR TUNAS PANGKASAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SETEK Hopea odorata Roxb.

Propagation of Hopea odorata Roxb. could be carried out through the vegetative methods by cutting s . Material cuttings with a high juvenility are obtained by pruning a stock plant. Information on shoot age after pruning as material cuttings were still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shoot age after pruning on the successful propagation of H . odorata cuttings. The study design was a randomized block design with shoot age treatments of 3, 4, 5 and 6 months. Each treatment was placed in 5 blocks and each treatment consisted of 20 cuttings. Growth response of cuttings observed was cutting survival percentage, shoot height, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, carbon, and nitrogen content. The results showed that the age of pruning shoots had a significant effect on all measured growth response of cuttings. H . odorata cuttings from orthotropic shoots aged 4 and 5 months after pruning showed cutting survival percentage, shoot height, root length, shoot and root dry weight were higher than shoots aged 3 and 6 months after pruning. The age of 6 months pruning shoots showed the highest C/N ratio (18.14) and carbon content (47.48 percent), but but the lowest nitrogen content (2.62 percent). The percentage of woody on shoots aged 4 and 5 months after pruning was 50%, while almost all of the cuttings on shoots of the age of 6 months were woody. The best propagation material for H. odorata cuttings was orthotropic shoots aged 5 months after pruning, because of the high cuttings survival percentage (94.18 percent). In addition C/N ratio from shoot aged 5 months (15,11) was higher than from shoot aged 4 months (13,14).

KARAKTERISTIK HIDROLOGI TANAH DI BAWAH TEGAKAN PINUS (Pinus merkusii), MERAWAN (Hopea odorata Roxb) DAN MAHONI UGANDA (Khaya anthoteca)

Kerusakan hutan dapat mempengaruhi fungsi hidrologi hutan sebagai pengatur tata air, menjaga waktu dan penyebaran aliran air sungai, menjaga iklim mikro, dan melindungi daerah di bawahnya dari berbagai bencana seperti banjir. Penanaman pohon kembali dinilai merupakan salah satu upaya untuk memperbaiki kondisi hutan dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik hidrologi tanah di bawah tegakan tanaman Pinus (Pinus merkusii), Mahoni Uganda (Khaya anthoteca), dan Merawan (Hopea odorata Roxb). Metoda yang digunakan adalah pengukuran sifat-sifat fisik tanah secara periodik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan karakterisitik kadar air, infiltrasi dan permeabilitas pada berbagai tegakan pohon. Perubahan kadar air tertinggi terjadi pada tanah di bawah Pinus sebesar 3.05%, Merawan sebesar 2.40%, dan terendah pada Mahoni Uganda sebesar 1.89% pada kedalaman tanah yang sama. Infiltrasi tertinggi sebesar 116.25 cm jam-1 di bawah tegakan Pinus, terendah 24 cm jam-1 di bawah tegakan Merawan. Permeabilitas tertinggi sebesar 13.27 cm jam-1 di bawah tegakan Pinus, terendah di bawah tegakan merawan sebesar 2.72 cm jam-1. Tekstur tanah relatif sama pada masing-masing tegakan yakni didominasi oleh liat. Tanah di bawah tegakan tanaman Pinus, Merawan dan Mahoni Uganda termasuk kelompok hidrologi tanah B.

English

Bee species diversity and pollen sources of Apidae (Hymenoptera) in Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, lower northern Thailand, were studied from 2011 to 2012. The forest types encountered were deciduous dipterocarp, deciduous with bamboo, seasonal evergreen and dipterocarp - pine forests. Sweep nets and honey bait traps were used to collect bee samples. The beta diversity of native bees was high with 22 recorded insect species from 12 genera and pollen grains collected by native bees were 62 plant species from 28 families. The plant family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) contained the greatest number of species (9 species). The main pollen source of native bees was Hopea odorata Roxb. (Dipterocarpaceae) which was collected by 19 bee species. The result from biodiversity indices i.e. species diversity (H’), species evenness (J’), similarity habitat (Ss ) and species richness (D) indicated that this area has relatively high species diversity. In addition, the dwarf honey bees, Apis florea Fabricius, 1787, are the main pollinator at the study site with the highest number of pollinated plant species (46 species). Thus, this bee could be used as a biological indicator for future studies.

A new 3,4-seco-cycloartane from the leaves of Hopea odorata Roxb.

A new 3,4-seco-cycloartane, identified as (24R,25S)-dihydroxy-26-O-nonadecylcarbonyloxy-3,4-secocycloarta-4(28)-en-3-oic acid (1), has been isolated from the leaves of Hopea odorata Roxb. (Dipterocarpaceae), together with the rare 3,4-seco-cycloart-4(28),24-diene-3,26-dioic acid (2 or abiesatrine J) and six other known compounds (3–8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of both chemical and spectroscopic methods.

Antibacterial Activity of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Hopea odorata Roxb. Leaves and their Total Flavonoid Content

Objective: To examine the antibacterial effects of different extracts of Hopea odorata leaves against bacteria and to determine their total flavonoid content. Methods: Leaves of Hopea odorata was extracted with pure methanol (MEHO), ethanol (EEHO) and water (AEHO), which are tested for antibacterial activity on three Gram positive and three Gram negative bacteria by disk diffusion method. Total flavonoid content determined based on the method of Wang et al . Result: Among the all extracts, MEHO exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. It showed zone of inhibition in highest concentration of 2 mg/ml against Gram - positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Effects of hopeaphenol and malibatol a isolated from bark of Hopea odorata Roxb on membrane enzymes and glycolysis of Streptococcus mutans

Hopeaphenol and malibatol A isolated from the bark of Hopea odorata Roxb were found to have a multitarget effect for the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Hopeaphenol and malibatol A at a concentration of 4 mM inhibited acid production by Streptococcus mutans GS-5 in a pH-drop assay with excess glucose. Both the compounds at milimolar concentrations were also found to be highly lethal for S. mutans GS-5 and their lethal effect at pH 4 was stronger than that at pH 7. Our further studies indicated that hopeaphenol and malibatol A in the same range of concentrations inhibited the activity of membrane enzymes (F-ATPase, phosphoenol pyruvate: phosphotransferase system), glycolyic enzymes (pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase) and NADH oxidase of S. mutans. The obtained results suggested that the two compounds could have a potential use in oral care products.

Genetic population of threatened Hopea odorata Roxb. in the protected areas of Vietnam

Hopea odorata Roxb. is widely distributed in lowland forests in Vietnam and native to South-East Asia. Due to over-exploitation and habitat destruction, this species are now threatened and mainly restricted to protected areas for survival. In total, 70 adult individuals of three populations include BGM, TP and BE of Hopea odorata were investigated base on nine microsatellite loci. Analysis of molecular variance showed most genetic variation (73%) was within individuals. The mean values of genetic differentiation among populations was high with FST = 0.251. Allelic richness ranged from 2.444 - 3.293, pair wise differentiation was significant. Bayesian cluster analysis and FST values suggest three populations of Hopea odorata could be divided into two groups. Individual trees from the BGM and TP populations were more closely related than those of the BE population. Inbreeding within population was not significant, no null allele evidence was found but evidence for recent bottleneck events were found for the BE population at TPM = 0.01 suggesting that A reduction in the number of individuals could be the result of overharvesting in the past. This research provides additional useful information for conservation, management, and restoration of populations to the Protection Forestry Department, Vietnam.
 Sao Đen là loài cây gỗ phân bố rộng rãi trong các khu rừng đất thấp ở Việt Nam và các nước Đông Nam Á. Do khai thác quá mức và môi trường sống bị phá hủy mà loài này đang đứng trước nguy cơ bị đe dọa và hiện chỉ còn phân bố giới hạn trong các khu bảo tồn. Chúng tôi đã tiến hành phân tích đa dạng di truyền của ba quần thể loài Sao đen gồm BGM, TP và BE từ 70 mẫu cây trưởng thành dựa trên chín locus microsatellite. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy sự đa dạng di truyền xảy ra chủ yếu trong các cá thể (73%). Giá trị sai khác di truyền giữa các quần thể là khá cao (FST = 0.251), hệ số đa dạng alen dao dộng từ 2.444 đến 3.293, sự sai khác di truyền giữa các quần thể là có ý nghĩa. Kết quả phân tích cấu trúc di truyền và sự sai khác di truyền giữa ba quần thể đều khá cao. Hiện tượng tự thụ phấn xảy ra trong ba quần thể nghiên cứu chưa có ý nghĩa, không có các bằng chứng về sự xuất hiện của các alen vô nghĩa (điều mà thường xảy ra khi sử dụng chung locus microsatellite cho các loài hoặc các chi có mối quan hệ gần gũi). Nguyên lý thắt cổ chai trong di truyền (bottleneck) có khả năng xảy ra ở quần thể BE cho thấy khả năng trước đây nơi đây đã xảy ra sự khai thác quá mức làm số lượng cá thể giảm đột ngột. Nghiên cứu này cung cấp những thông tin về di truyền quan trọng cho cục Kiểm Lâm trong việc bảo tồn, phục hổi và quản lý bền vững quần thể loài Sao Đen ở Việt Nam.

Lupane triterpenes from the leaves of the tropical rain forest tree Hopea odorata Roxb. and their cytotoxic activities

Abstract Chromatographic fractionation of the cytotoxic n -hexane extract of Hopea odorata Roxb. leaves led to the isolation of eight lupane triterpenes, which constitutes the first report of lupane-type triterpenes from this plant source. Furthermore, 3,30-dioxolup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid ( 6 ) was isolated for the first time from a natural source. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR analysis, and by comparison of their spectral data with literature values. Complete NMR assignments of the 1 H and 13 C NMR data were achieved for all compounds. Finally, the cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds against four human cell lines (PC3, MDA-MB-231, HT-29 and HCT116) was also reported.

New 3,4-secocycloartane and lupane triterpenes from the leaves of the tropical rain forest tree Hopea odorata Roxb

Chromatographic fractionation of the cytotoxic n-hexane extract of Hopea odorata Roxb. leaves led to the isolation of 2 new 3,4-secocycloartanes bearing a unusual trihydroxylated side chain esterified with a fatty acid, together with 15 known other triterpenes (8 lupanes, 2 friedelanes, 2 oleananes, 1 cycloartane (i.e. mangiferonic acid), β-sitosterol and its palmitic acid ester) and 1 sesquiterpene (i.e. β-caryophyllene oxide). Among lupanes, 3,30-dioxolup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid was isolated for the first time from a natural source. Cytotoxic activities of lupane-type triterpenes against four human cell lines (PC3, MDA-MB-231, HT-29 and PC-3) are also reported.

Life history, damage assessment and control of Trioza hopeae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), a serious pest on Hopea odorata (Malvales: Dipterocarpaceae) in Vietnam

AbstractYoung plants of the commercially important timber species Hopea odorata Roxb. are seriously damaged by the psyllid Trioza hopeae Burckhardt & Vu in nurseries in South Central and Southern Vietnam. Farmers routinely use Class 1 toxic insecticides to control the psyllids but these pose serious health risks in the urban environment. As a precursor to developing a pest management strategy, we studied the life cycle of T. hopeae and trialed several control measures. Trioza hopeae is polyvoltine with overlapping generations peaking in mid wet season. Females laid approximately 135 eggs; however, there was a natural attrition rate of about 80% in first‐instar nymphs due to the nymph's inability to find a suitable feeding site. Feeding nymphs induced pit galls on young H. odorata leaves and were present on all trees examined during the study. The pre‐adult life cycle lasted approximately 13 days and adult life span approximately seven days. Several toxic insecticides were found to be effective for controlling T. hopeae, but a novel non‐toxic alternative was equally as effective. We discuss these methods and potential biological control measures.

Effects of Waterlogging on Growth and Physiology of Hopea odorata Roxb

This study examines the growth and physiological characteristics of Hopea odorata growing under waterloggingcondition. H. odorata was selected as it is widely planted as urban landscape tree species which experienced some growthstresses. Two waterlogging treatments and a control were designed. Forty 5-year old saplings each were subjected towaterlogged condition for 30 days which were then allowed to recover for a further 30 days as Treatment 1 (T1) andwaterlogged condition for 60 days as Treatment 2 (T2). Aboveground and belowground biomass including leaf area wasdetermined before and at 30 and 60 days of study. The net photosynthesis (Anet), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpirationrate per unit leaf area (EL) and leaf to air vapour pressure deficit (????W) were assessed weekly for 60 days. The resultsshowed that there were no significant differences between treatments for all growth attributes. There were also nosignificant reductions of these attributes found within treatments throughout the experimental period. Furthermore, nosignificant effects were observed in gas exchange variables. The results demonstrate that severe waterlogged conditiondid not affect the physiology of H. odorata. These findings add to the increasing evidences that H. odorata is a flood aswell as a pollution tolerance species that ensuring it to survive and grow well in urban areas by regulating the partitioningstrategies.

New anatomical method of grain angles measurement using confocal microscopy and image cross-correlation

Some tropical trees with indistinct growth rings have a distinct interlocked grain that reveals their internal growth rhythm. To determine their growth rhythm, it is necessary to accurately measure the wood grain angle. The usual methods for grain angle measurement are radial splitting using wood disks, which occasionally provides inaccurate data, and serial tangential sectioning, which requires preparation and analysis of many sections. The present report proposes an easier but accurate method to measure grain angle using a single xylem transverse section. A confocal microscope was used to obtain two optical sections of different depths from a transverse section of a 7-year-old Hopea odorata Roxb. The tangential lag between the optical images was then calculated using image cross-correlation and transformed into grain angle. Radially consecutive sampling revealed distinct radial fluctuations in the grain angle. The fluctuation data were compared to data obtained by radial splitting and serial tangential sectioning. There was a strong correlation between grain angle using the three methods. In the region close to the cambium, however, the present method revealed an abrupt change in the grain angle, although radial splitting showed a smooth undulation throughout the radius. Using the present method, the analysis of a radial range of 5 cm required a single transverse section compared to 1,000 tangential sections 50-μm thick. In conclusion, the present method using a single transverse section, confocal microscopy, and image cross-correlation analysis provides more accurate data than radial splitting, and is less time-consuming than serial tangential sectioning.

Abscisic Acid (ABA) and the Regulation of Seedling Growth Under Stress

Xylem sap abscisic acid (ABA) and leaf ABA of Hopea odorata Roxb. and Mimusops elengi L. were measured under conditions of soil compaction and drought to investigate the role of ABA in the regulation of stomatal conductance. A rapid and substantial increase in xylem sap ABA concentration but not leaf ABA concentration was correlated with soil drying in both species. However, xylem ABA concentration was lower in M. elengi seedlings than in H. odorata seedlings. The increase in xylem sap ABA concentration observed at high soil bulk density was correlated with reduced stomatal conductance. These results suggest that xylem ABA may act as a stress signal in the control of stomatal conductance. Reduced xylem ABA levels may explain the lower urban stress tolerance M. elengi seedlings relative to H. odorata.

Leaf flavonoid patterns in Dipterocarpus and Hopea (Dipterocarpaceae)

In a flavonoid survey of five species (D. alatus Roxb. & G.Don, D. costatus Gaertn. f., D. gracilis Blume, D. turbinatus Gaertn. f. and Hopea odorata Roxb.) of Dipterocarpaceae from Bangladesh, three flavonoid aglycones and two glycosides were isolated. The flavonol kaempferol was detected in 40% of the total species surveyed, while the flavonol quercetin and flavone apigenin were present in all species examined, establishing their chemotaxonomic significance. Proanthocyanidins were found only in three species (D. alatus, D. gracilis, D. turbinatus), while the glycosides quercetin 3-glucoside and quercetin 3-rutinoside were isolated in 40% and 60% of the species surveyed, respectively. The flavonoid patterns of H. odorata and D. costatus are advanced in comparison to those of D. alatus, D. gracilis and D. turbinatus due to the loss of proanthocyanidin. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 143, 43−46.