Hope In Adolescents Research Articles

Exploring hope as a mediator between religiosity and depression in adolescents

ABSTRACTMultiple studies have found an inverse relationship between adolescent religiosity and adolescent depression. However, further research is needed to better understand the complexity of this relationship. One potential mediator that may help to explain this relationship is hope. Prior research has found that adolescent religiosity is predictive of increased adolescent hope and that higher levels of adolescent hope have been associated with multiple positive outcomes, including mental health in adolescents. However, no research has explored the mediational role of hope between religiosity and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Cross-sectional data from 459 adolescents were used to test this mediational or indirect effect. The direct effect between religiosity and depressive symptoms was not significant. However, there was a significant indirect effect whereby higher levels of adolescent religiosity were associated with higher levels of adolescent hope, which in turn were associated with lower levels of adolescent depressive symptoms.

Learning hope and optimism: classmate experiences and adolescent development

ABSTRACTThis article explores individual and contextual factors related to the development of hopeful attitudes during adolescence using a nationally representative study. A key focus is on the experiences of mistreatment by adults, both for the adolescent and his/her classmates. While all types of individual experiences with mistreatment reduce adolescent hopefulness, mistreatment domains most likely to be visible (i.e. physical abuse) by classmates also reduce adolescent hopefulness. This relationship is robust to the inclusion of more general environmental factors through school-level fixed effects, suggesting both a causal explanation and a typically unmeasured spillover effect of violence against children. Other types of mistreatment, such as neglect and material hardship, do not show spillover effects.

The effectiveness of positive training on happiness, aggression and hope in adolescents with leukemia in Ahvaz

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive learning on happiness, Aggression and hope for adolescents with leukemia in Ahvaz. The sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method. 15 subjects in the experimental group and 15 in the control group were randomly assigned. The experimental design was a pre-test-post-test type with control group and follow-up period. Measurement tools included Oxford Happiness Inventory (Argyle, 1989); Ahwaz's Aggression Questionnaire (Zahedifar, Najarian, and Shokrkon, 2000); Hope Scale (Schneider, 1991). To run, at first, the pre-test was taken from both groups. Then, the experimental group was trained in 14 sessions of 90 minutes, and after each group, they were subjected to post-test. And one month later, the follow-up process was completed. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that positive attitudes toward happiness, aggressiveness and hopefulness of adolescents with leukemia in Ahvaz were effective.

Development and initial validation of the urban adolescent hope scale

ABSTRACTObjective: Hope is an important component to adolescents’ mental health and well-being. While much study and theory have explored hope, few examine the idea within contextualized factors such as locale. Even fewer have sought to measure hope for urban adolescents. The Urban Adolescent Hope Scale (UAHS) was developed to measure hope in a contextualized manner as guided by previous qualitative inquiry. This study aims to establish initial validation for the UAHS. Method: Using findings from qualitative inquiry, a 24-item proposed measure of hope for urban adolescents was developed. Experts in various fields were consulted to provide face and content validity. The instrument was then given at school-wide needs assessment at an urban Midwestern high school. Results: Using a confirmatory factor analysis, fit indices (RMSEA, TLI, CFI, and SRMR) and measures of internal consistency indicated a reliable five-factor structure of hope consisted of Spirituality (α = .936), Personal Agency (α = .930), The Basics (α = .936), Education (α = .921), and Caring Connections (α = .875). Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate the UAHS has initial validity and reliability to be used as a measure of hope for urban adolescents. Future implications for research and practice are provided.

Learning Hope and Optimism: Classmate Experiences and Adolescent Development

This paper explores individual and contextual factors related to the development of hopeful attitudes during adolescence using a nationally representative study. A key focus is on the experiences of maltreatment by adults, both for the adolescent and his/her classmates. While all types of individual experiences with maltreatment reduce adolescent hopefulness, maltreatment domains most likely to be visible (i.e physical abuse) by classmates also reduce adolescent hopefulness. This relationship is robust to the inclusion of more general environmental factors through school-level fixed effects, suggesting both a causal explanation and a typically unmeasured spillover effect of violence against children. Other types of maltreatment, such as neglect and material hardship, do not show spillover effects.

The Relationship between Parental Psychological Control and Adolescent School Adjustment : Hope as a mediator

본 연구는 부모의 심리적 통제가 청소년의 학교적응에 미치는 영향과 이들의 관계에서 희망의 매개효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 서울과 강원지역의 중･고등학생 403명을 대상으로 t검증, 상관분석, 구조방정식 모형, 다집단 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 심리적 통제와 청소년의 희망 수준은 청소년의 성별에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 하지만, 학교적응중 학교교사 요인에서 남학생 집단의 평균이 여학생 집단의 평균보다 높았다. 둘째, 부모의 심리적 통제는 청소년의 학교적응에 직접적으로 영향을 미치기도 하였고 희망을 매개로 하여 학교적응에 간접적으로도 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 청소년들은 부모의 심리적 통제를 높게 지각할수록 희망 수준이 낮았고, 희망 수준이 낮을수록 학교적응력도 낮았다. 이러한 부모의 심리적 통제와 청소년의 희망 및 학교적응의 관계는 청소년의 성별에 따른 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 청소년이 적응적인 학교생활을 할 수 있도록 부모의 심리적 통제를 감소시키고 청소년의 희망을 증진시키는 다양한 개입이 이루어져야 할 것이다.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent school adjustment mediated by hope of adolescents. Four hundred three middle and high school students participated in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson’s correlations, structural equation modeling(SEM), and multi group analysis. The average level of school adjustment was significantly higher in male adolescent group compared to female adolescent group. Adolescents’ hope partially mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescents’ school adjustment. The proposed model was not significantly different as a function of gender. These results suggest that adolescents’ school adjustment could be improved by reducing levels of parental psychological control and enhancing adolescents’ hope.

Terror of Hope: the Integration of Attachment Theory and Womanist Theology

Hope functions as a potential coping mechanism for individuals who find themselves in stressful or difficult life situations, whether going through a personal grievance or experiencing the pain of systemized oppression. In recent history the study of hope in psychology and theology has grown and become prominent in each field. These forms of hope are often understood in two predominating categories, one which simplifies it to optimism or the other which relegates it to the future. The first understanding of hope, which I refer to as optimistic hope, distills hope into individualistic motivations with goal-setting for the future; individual progression. The second understanding of hope, which I refer to as eschatological hope, pushes hope to the edge of escapism into the next life. However, there is a third type which is influenced by womanist theology—complex hope. By using the work of womanist theologian A. Elaine Brown Crawford, Hope in the Holler and attachment theory, I attempt to show the potential risk and connection between optimistic hope and eschatological hope with insecure attachment types, and complex hope with secure attachment. Then by using the psychological model of self-development, I offer how one might develop mature complex hope in adolescence and adulthood. Lastly, I give a practical application of how one applies this method in their own situation, specifically as a minister or church leader.

The Ant and the Grasshopper: Adolescents’ Time Perspective, Satisfaction with Life and the Mediating Role of Hope

The present study examined the predictive role played by the three time perspective’s dimensions (Present-Hedonistic, Present-Fatalistic and Future) on the satisfaction with life and the mediational role of hope in adolescence, using cross-sectional data. Participants were 675 adolescents (333 males and 342 females), with a mean age of 17.4 years (SD = .84). Adolescents lived in Rome and its surroundings regions and attended the 3th or the 4th year of high school. A structural equation modeling was used. The results shown that Present-Hedonistic predicts directly and indirectly (through agency) the life satisfaction; Future and Present-Fatalistic predicts indirectly (through agency) the life satisfaction; the Present-Hedonistic and Future predicted the pathway, but it does not seem to play a role of mediator. This model is the same for males and females. These results offers new useful guidance to adolescents’ counsellors and educators that should endeavor to increase the hope of both Present and Future oriented adolescents.

Hope, aspirations, and resilience in children and adolescents: a review of research on measurement and related antecedents

AbstractHope, aspirations, and resilience are important developmental assets for children and adolescents. Based on the existing Western and Chinese literature, this review aims to identify instruments used to assess hope, aspirations, resilience, and conceptually related constructs as well as antecedents of the constructs in adolescents. A systematic literature search in the major databases was conducted. A total of 223 articles, with 144 being retrieved from international databases and 79 from China’s database, met the criteria and were included in the present review. Findings revealed that the majority of the existing scales were developed predominantly in the West and there were few validated Chinese hope and aspirations scales. Indigenous measures were also not identified in the literature. In terms of antecedent studies, predictors at different levels including the personal, family, school, and community were found. Implications on the development of hope-based interventions and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Hope, the Foundation of Spiritual Health in Adolescents: A Qualitative Study

Background: Adolescence is a critical period in the life of human beings characterized by risk-taking behavior as one of its prominent features that affects the adolescent’s health. There is a direct relationship between spirituality and health-risk behaviors, indicating the need for promoting preventive interventions. Objectives: The present study aims to explain the concept of hope as a component of spiritual health from the perspective of adolescents. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis approach. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with high school students in Tehran (the capital city of Iran) who were selected through purposive sampling and with maximum diversity. Results: Analysis of the data led to the identification of three categories: “connection with the source of hope,” “belief in finding solutions through efforts,” and “having an optimistic view”; the categories together formed the common theme “hope, the foundation of inner peace.” Conclusions: Through effective interventions, health care providers are able to foster hope in adolescents and thus improve their spiritual heath.

Future orientation and attitudes mediate career adaptability and decidedness

Based on Life Design approach, the study aimed at examining the relationship between some constructs relevant for adolescents to handle the current labor market and their role in affecting career decidedness: career adaptability, positive attitude toward the future, and future orientation. Specifically, the fully mediational role of positive attitude toward the future and future orientation on the relationship between career adaptability and career decidedness was tested. We involved 774 adolescents, of which 408 boys and 366 girls. Results showed that career adaptability predicted indirectly, through positive attitude toward the future and future orientation, career decidedness. As regards practical implication, the results carried out emphasize the importance to support career adaptability, hope, optimism, and future orientation in adolescence.

Parent and Friend Social Support and Adolescent Hope.

The purpose of this study was to conduct two meta-analyses. The first examined social support from parents in relation to adolescent hope, and the second examined social support from friends in relation to adolescent hope. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the literature reviewed, nine published studies or doctoral dissertations completed between 1990 and 2014 met the inclusion criteria. Using meta-analytic techniques and the mean weighted r statistic, the results indicated that social support from friends had a stronger mean effect size (ES = .31) than social support from parents (ES = .21); there was a statistically significant difference between the two ESs. Two of the four moderators for the parent social support-adolescent hope relationship were statistically significant. They were quality score and health status. Implications for school nurses and nurses in all settings are addressed, and conclusions are drawn based on the findings.

Career Adaptability, Hope, Optimism, and Life Satisfaction in Italian and Swiss Adolescents

The consequences of economic crisis are different from one European context to the other. Based on life design (LD) approach, the present study focused on two variables—career adaptability and a positive orientation toward future (hope and optimism)—relevant to coping with the current work context and their role in affecting life satisfaction. A partial mediational model between career adaptability and life satisfaction, through a positive orientation toward future (hope and optimism), was tested across Italian and Swiss countries. Seven hundred twenty-six Italian and 533 Swiss young people between the ages of 12 and 16 years were involved. Results provided support for the model in the Italian group and a full mediation model for the Swiss one. The data suggest that the context may have an effect on how career adaptability has an impact on general life satisfaction. These results have important implications for practice and underscore the need to support adolescents in their LD process.

Association Between Parents’ Marital Status and the Development of Purpose, Hope, and Self-Esteem in Adolescents in Hong Kong

This study investigates the role of parents’ marital status in adolescents’ mental well-being. Although the separation of parents is generally regarded as a negative condition on adolescents’ growth, we find evidence of strong positive development in certain areas. Faced with an adverse family background, even though teenagers might have lower happiness and life satisfaction, they come to develop stronger purpose in life, higher hope for the future, and higher self-esteem. We argue that this is because the tougher circumstances force them to become independent and develop their own identity. On the other hand, these attributes are found to be lower among older adolescents in “normal” family backgrounds, which provide an interesting contrast to prior research, which has argued that intact families are positive for development. The results of this study have strong implications for the study of teenage well-being.

A person-oriented analysis of hope in Chinese adolescents

Using latent class analysis, we explored the within-person configurations of hope in a sample of Chinese adolescents. A total of 1688 adolescents (801 boys and 887 girls) from Mainland China completed measures of hope, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression. Obvious grouping features appeared, and a model of the three latent classes was supported. The three classes of ‘high hope’, ‘average hope’, and ‘low hope’ accounted for 32%, 47.5%, and 20.5% of the variance respectively. Compared to the average- and low-hope classes, the high-hope class reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction, self-esteem and optimism and lower levels of depression, suggesting that higher levels of hope are adaptive in non-Western cultures as well as Western ones.

Visions about future: a new scale assessing optimism, pessimism, and hope in adolescents

This article reports the development and psychometric properties of visions about future (VAF), an instrument assessing hope, optimism, and pessimism. Three different studies involving Italian adolescents were conducted. With the first study 22 items were developed and the factor structure was verified. The second study, involving a second sample of adolescents, confirmed the instrument’s multidimensional structure and evaluated the convergent validity of VAF with self-report measures of hope, optimism, and pessimism. Moreover, it showed that VAF correlated with life satisfaction and career adaptability. The third study involved a third sample of adolescents and verified the measurement invariance across gender.

Types of hope and action styles of adolescents

The problem discussed in this article concerns the relationship between hope and action styles in adolescents. An action style is a way in which man perceives and responds to the outside world, and it may be aimed at securing oneself or interacting with the surroundings. The main aim of this analysis was to find out if, and to what degree, the level of hope is connected with action styles. The following hypotheses are proposed: H – 1. There is a relationship between hope and an action style. H- 2. Persons with different types of hope are characterised by different styles of action. H – 3. Persons with a high level of hope have a cooperation­‑oriented style. H – 4. Persons with a low level of hope are often characterised by a style aimed at protecting themselves. 149 persons aged 17 – 18 participated in the study. The following methods were used: the Basic Hope Inventory (BHI-12) – compiled by Trzebiński and M. Zięba, the Hope for Success Questionnaire (KNS) – adaptation of C. R. Snyder’s questionnaire made by M. Łaguna, J. Trzebiński and M. Zięba, as well as the Action Styles Questionnaire by Z. Uchnast. The results obtained have allowed the researchers to form the opinion that hope helps individuals function better in the world. The way in which a person perceives the world and their own capabilities translates into the style of action which they choose. A person who is full of hope seeks self­‑actualisation as well as cooperation with others.

The origins of hope in adolescence: A test of a social–cognitive model

We investigated the origins of individual differences in hope in adolescents based on a social–cognitive model. Specifically, we examined a mediating role for self-esteem and optimism in the relation between social support and hope. One thousand six hundred fifty four adolescents (781 boys and 873 girls) from Mainland China completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and the Children's Hope Scale (CHS). Social support was associated positively with self-esteem, optimism and hope, and hope was associated positively with self-esteem and optimism. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that self-esteem and optimism partially mediated the relation between social support and hope, accounting for 62.7% of the effect of social support on hope. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.

Brief report: Attention to positive information mediates the relationship between hope and psychosocial well-being of adolescents

This study tested the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and attentional preferences in the relationship between hope and psychosocial well-being among 712 adolescents. Results of the structural equation modeling revealed that the beneficial relation of hope to subjective happiness, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and interpersonal difficulties was partially mediated by attention to positive information but not cognitive reappraisal. Findings of this study may inform the design of intervention research by highlighting the importance of hopeful thinking style and attention to positive information in mental health of adolescents.

Hope in Early Adolescence: Measuring Internal and External Locus-of-Hope

Hope is known to be an important predictor of wellbeing, especially in young people. The current study draws from the locus-of-hope model, which proposes internal and external locus-of-hope dimensions. External locus-of-hope refers hopeful thoughts based on conjoint forms of agency that relate to other persons and external forces, which are distinct forms of hopeful thoughts compared to dispositional hope that is typically measured in the research literature. Data were gathered from 825 young adolescents (ages 12–15) from the Philippines who completed the Locus-of-Hope Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit between the four-factor model of locus-of-hope and the data. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis further indicated strong measurement invariance across boys and girls. The young adolescent sample reported higher external-family and external spiritual locus-of-hope thoughts compared to the internal and external-peer locus-of-hope, and girls reported higher hope in the first two dimensions, as well. Internal and external-spiritual locus-of-hope also increased in the later years (14 & 15). The results are discussed in terms of how hopeful thoughts may be shaped by developmental processes that relate to broader culture-specific societal processes and orientations.