Hook Technique Research Articles

User Privacy Protection via Windows Registry Hooking and Runtime Encryption.

The Windows registry contains a plethora of information in a hierarchical database. It includes system-wide settings, user preferences, installed programs, and recently accessed files and maintains timestamps that can be used to construct a detailed timeline of user activities. However, these data are unencrypted and thus vulnerable to exploitation by malicious actors who gain access to this repository. To address this security and privacy concern, we propose a novel approach that efficiently encrypts and decrypts sensitive registry data in real time. Our developed proof-of-concept program intercepts interactions between the registry's application programming interfaces (APIs) and other Windows applications using an advanced hooking technique. This enables the proposed system to be transparent to users without requiring any changes to the operating system or installed software. Our approach also implements the data protection API (DPAPI) developed by Microsoft to securely manage each user's encryption key. Ultimately, our research provides an enhanced security and privacy framework for the Windows registry, effectively fortifying the registry against security and privacy threats while maintaining its accessibility to legitimate users and applications.

Factors associated with non-fusion after direct pars repair of lumbar spondylolysis with pedicle screw and lamina hook: a clinical and CT-assessed study

BackgroundPedicle screw and lamina hook (PSLH) technique is an effective and popular method for direct pars repair of lumbar spondylolysis. There is a lack of studies to explore factors that may influence the healing of spondylolysis after direct pars repair surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the factors associated with non-fusion after direct pars repair of lumbar spondylolysis with PSLH technique.MethodsA total of 55 subjects (average age 21.1 ± 6.3 years, a total of 120 pars defects) diagnosed with symptomatic spondylolysis and underwent pars repair surgery with PSLH were followed up and their clinical data were analyzed. Subjects were divided into a non-fusion group and fusion group according to whether the pars defect had bony fusion at last follow-up assessed by CT. Radiographic data, data related to spondylolysis and clinical outcomes were collected and compared between groups.ResultsThe mean follow-up time of the 55 patients was 24.8 ± 12.0 (12–64) months. Among the 120 pars defects, 101 defects were successfully fused and 19 were not fused according to CT. The fusion rate was 84.2%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the factors correlated with non-fusion after pars repair surgery: whether the spondylolysis segment was associated with spina bifida occulta (SBO) (P = 0.001), stage of the defect (P = 0.047), width of the defect (P = 0.002), and disc degeneration (P = 0.014).ConclusionDirect pars repair by PSHL is a reliable treatment for lumbar spondylolysis with a fusion rate of 84.2%. Association with SBO of the spondylolysis segment, a terminal stage of the defect, a wider defect gap, and grade III disc degeneration may be factors associated with non-fusion after direct pars repair of lumbar spondylolysis with PLSH. Non-fusion patients after pars repair appear to have worse clinical results compared to fusion patients.

Ovariohysterectomy with hook technique: A surgical approach for population control and feline health - Case Report

Ovariohysterectomy with hook technique: A surgical approach for population control and feline health - Case Report

Transtibial Lateral Meniscal Root Repair Technique to Appose Remnant Root With Torn Body: The Double Compression Knot

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions are often performed with associated procedures, most commonly for associated meniscal tears. The lateral meniscal root tear is a commonly associated injury, which increases rotational instability and results in altered tibiofemoral biomechanics. Lateral meniscectomy results in poorer functional and long-term outcomes, making repair vital. The position of the lateral root tear makes its repair technique complicated. Because of the proximity to vessels posteriorly, the all-inside technique is considered potentially unsafe, and current transtibial repair techniques fail to appose the body with the root remnant. In the lineage of Laprade, who proclaimed the use of a transtibial suture for radial tears elsewhere in the knee in order to reduce the shear force, we describe a transtibial technique that optimizes meniscal apposition, theoretically improving the repair biomechanics and is technically easier to perform in comparison to suture hook techniques with one tunnel and one suture.

Evaluation the quality of bag-mask ventilation by E/C, T/E and hook technique (a new proposed technique)

BackgroundBag-Mask Ventilation (BMV) is a crucial skill in managing emergency airway situations and induction of general anesthesia. Ensuring proficient BMV execution is imperative for healthcare providers. Various techniques exist for performing BMV. This study aims to compare the quality of ventilation achieved using the E/C technique, Thenar Eminence (T/E) technique and a novel approach referred to as the hook technique. The goal is to identify the most effective single-person BMV method.MethodWe conduct a pilot study on manikins involving 63 medical staff members who used the hook technique for ventilation. Subsequently, we obtained ethical approval and patient guardian consent to perform the study on 492 emergency department (ED) patients. These patients were randomly divided into three groups, with each group subjected to one three ventilation techniques. The study focused on patients requiring reliable airway management for rapid sequence intubation (RSI). Ventilation was administrated using bag-mask device connected to the capnograph. End-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) levels were recorded. Demographic data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Success rates were reported as frequency (percentage) as well as mean ± standard deviation.ResultComparing partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) results obtained via capnography between T/E, E/C and hook techniques, we found that the successful ventilation rate was 87.2% for T/E, 89.6% for E/C, and 93.3% for the hook methods. The hook method demonstrated significantly higher success rate compared to the other two techniques (P-value = 0.038). Furthermore, we observed statistically significant trends in PCO2 changes between measurements both within and between groups (P-value < 0/001).ConclusionOur study indicates that the hook method achieved notably higher success rate in ventilation compared to the T/E and E/C methods. This suggests that the hook method, which involves a chin lift maneuver while securely fitting the mask, could serve as a novel BMV technique, particularly for resuscitation with small hands for a prolonged use without fatigue and finger discomfort. Our finding contributes to the development of a new BMV method referred to as the hook technique.Trial registrationIRCT registration number: IRCT20121010011067N5. URL of trial registry record: https://www.irct.ir/trial/57420.

The Hooking Technique for Retrograde Freehand Access during Direct Cholangioscopy (with Video).

How to cite this article: Zimmer V. The Hooking Technique for Retrograde Freehand Access during Direct Cholangioscopy (with Video). Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2023;13(1):40.

Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage with "hooking technique" using a rotatable sphincterotome.

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Commentary: Changing trends and preferred surgeons' practice for nucleus delivery in manual small-incision cataract surgery-Haven't they changed?

Commentary: Changing trends and preferred surgeons' practice for nucleus delivery in manual small-incision cataract surgery-Haven't they changed?

Fish hook technique for nucleus management in manual small-incision cataract surgery: An Overview.

Manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) preserves its utility as a cost-effective and efficient strategy for mitigating cataract-associated blindness. Numerous techniques of nucleus delivery in MSICS have been described in the literature. The fish hook technique of nucleus extraction was advocated in 1997 and has been popular for high-volume surgery in limited pockets of the world. This article describes in detail the steps involved in the construction of a fish hook, tips of nucleus extraction with the help of a fish hook, and the pros and cons of fish hook-based MSICS through text, diagram, and video supplement.

Endoexpression technique of nucleus delivery in manual small-incision cataract surgery.

Manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) is a cost-effective alternative to phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) for cataract surgery. The surgical technique in MSICS is heterogeneous, and the maximum variation exists in incision and nucleus delivery techniques. Many studies on various incisions are available, and most of them are dedicated to surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), utility, and visual outcomes. The nucleus delivery techniques have less-extensive literature available. They can be divided into "pulling" techniques like phacosandwich technique, fish hook technique, and vectis delivery and "pushing" techniques like viscoexpression or hydroexpression with irrigating vectis/Blumenthal's MiniNuc technique. Postoperative surgical-induced astigmatism is comparable in all techniques. The authors describe a pushing technique which does not raise the pressure of the anterior chamber and can be utilized with variable-sized and irregularly shaped nuclear fragments. It has universal application, especially when the size of the incision is getting smaller in MSICS and phacofragmentation is being used as an adjunct to reduce the incision size. It can be used in situations like posterior polar cataracts, where pressure variations in the anterior chamber can be dangerous.

Two-year results of a novel sutureless scleral fixation surgery with the haptic hook technique.

In this study, we evaluated the visual results and complication rates of the novel technique of sutureless scleral fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) surgery in patients without capsular support. In this retrospective study, patients who did not have adequate capsular support and who underwent sutureless SFIOL between 2013 and 2017 at the University of Health Science Dr. Lütfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital's Eye Clinic were included. Preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), perioperative and postoperative complications, surgical indications, previous surgeries, and surgical procedures were evaluated. The study included 131 eyes of 162 patients who underwent sutureless SFIOL surgery. Thirty-one patients were excluded from the study because of missing data. The mean age of the patients was 61.5 ± 23.2years, 72 of whom were female, and the mean follow-up period was 24.3 ± 11.4months. When all the patients were evaluated together, the preoperative mean BCVA was 1.11 ± 1.01, 0.86 ± 0.76 in the first month, 0.71 ± 0.69 in the third month, and 0.60 ± 0.50 in the second year after surgery according to logMAR. The 2-year results of our study demonstrate that the haptic hook technique for sutureless SFIOL surgery is effective and safe in aphakia rehabilitation. However, haptic hooks and their associated future complications must be monitored for a longer period of time to reach a definite conclusion.

Effect of the reaction temperature on the prothrombin time and the apparent International Normalized Ratio determined with International Standards for thromboplastins.

IntroductionThe definition of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) depends on a reference measurement procedure for the prothrombin time (PT) determined with international standards for thromboplastins. The agreed water bath temperature for PT determination in the reference measurement procedure is 37°C. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of small deviations of the agreed reaction temperature on PT and INR determined with World Health Organization international standards for thromboplastins rTF/16 (recombinant human) and RBT/16 (rabbit brain).MethodsProthrombin time was determined, with a manual hook technique, in glass test tubes in a water bath at a controlled temperature. The PT reaction temperatures were varied between 28 and 40°C. Pooled normal plasma and pooled coumarin plasma (INR ≈ 2.8) were used as test plasmas. The data were fitted to a quadratic relationship between PT and temperature.ResultsProthrombin times with rTF/16 were shortened by increasing the reaction temperature up to approximately 39‐40°C. PTs with RBT/16 were shortened by increasing the reaction temperature up to approximately 34‐37°C, but were prolonged at higher temperatures. The apparent INR change of the coumarin plasma at 37.0°C was 0.06/°C and 0.11/°C for rTF/16 and RBT/16, respectively.ConclusionsReaction temperature had a significant effect on PT and the apparent INR with the International Standards. At 37.0°C, the apparent INR of coumarin plasma determined with RBT/16 was more responsive to temperature change than the apparent INR determined with rTF/16. The required accuracy of the water bath temperature should be 37.0 ± 0.1°C.

Repair of popliteomeniscal fascicles tear using a posterior transseptal portal fixes hypermobile lateral meniscus

PurposeThis study investigates the effects of the all-inside repair of posterosuperior popliteomeniscal fascicle (PMF) on lateral meniscus stabilization using a posterior arthroscopic approach.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2018, 17 patients with hypermobile lateral meniscus (HLM) underwent posterior knee arthroscopy for PMF repair. The all-inside repair was performed through posteromedial transseptal and posterolateral portals using a suture hook technique. Patients were clinically assessed based on IKDC and Lysholm scores.ResultsBoth IKDC and Lysholm scores improved significantly after an average follow-up of 3.5 years (P < 0.001). No patients underwent reoperation, and no complications associated with posterior knee arthroscopy were reported.ConclusionThe all-inside suture hook technique using posterolateral and posteromedial transseptal portals fixes HLM with excellent IKDC and Lysholm scores.Level of evidenceLevel IV.

Technical Notes on Fluoroscopy-Guided Removal of Metallic Ureteral Stents

This report describes various techniques for fluoroscopy-guided removal of metallic ureteral stents. Fifteen patients underwent 17 fluoroscopy-guided removal procedures of 22 metallic ureteral stents. The simple or modified snare or retrieval hook technique was primarily used for antegrade access, whereas the loop snare technique was primarily used for retrograde access. Overall, 64.7% of the stents were removed using the initial retrieval technique, and 82.4% of the stents were removed using an adjunct technique. Procedure-related complications included hematuria in 41.2% of cases and resolved spontaneously in all patients. Fluoroscopy-guided removal of metallic ureteral stents is safe and effective.

Laparoscopic application of the hooking technique for ultrasound-guided minimally invasive liver surgery.

Laparoscopic liver surgery has a wide diffusion worldwide, but the reproducibility of a parenchyma-sparing approach with a minimally invasive technique is still to explore. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is a mandatory tool to guarantee safety (transection plane) and oncological adequacy (margin) of minor but complex resections for deep-located tumors. The hooking technique has been developed exactly with this aim: once a vessel is isolated and encircled, the surgeon applies gentle traction on the tape surrounding the vessel and, under IOUS vision, "recognizes" the vessel and the adequate level of section. At present, advanced IOUS-guided maneuvers have limited application to laparoscopic liver surgery. We report the first application of the hooking maneuver during laparoscopic hepatectomy in three consecutive patients. In all cases, it was successfully performed and allowed to section the proper vessel at the right level. No procedure-related complications occurred and no ischemic areas of the remnant liver were evident. All resections had a negative surgical margin. Even if technically demanding, the laparoscopic hooking technique is a further step toward the standardization of a minimally invasive approach to advanced parenchyma-sparing liver surgery.

Posterior knee arthroscopy facilitates the safe and effective all-inside repair of locked bucket-handle medial meniscal tear using a suture hook technique.

This study reported the outcomes of locked bucket-handle medial meniscal tear (BHMMT) repairs using an arthroscopic posterior approach during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Between 2011 and 2014, 48 patients with BHMMTs and ACL tears who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the present study. BHMMTs were assessed using a posterolateral transseptal portal and repaired using a posteromedial portal. Transportal ACL reconstruction was performed using hamstrings autograft. Patients were assessed based on their IKDC and Lysholm scores and Tegner activity level. Meniscal healing was clinically evaluated based on the absence of swelling, joint line tenderness, locking, and catching; McMurray test results; and the need for meniscectomy. According to follow-up assessments, the average IKDC and Lysholm scores improved significantly after 3-5years (P < 0.001) CONCLUSION: Excellent clinical outcomes were obtained when locked BHMMTs were repaired using an all-inside suture technique that employed posteromedial and posterolateral transseptal portals. IV.

Usefulness of the obturator hook technique for guiding the initial trajectory control in infra-acetabular screw placement.

Proper placement of infra-acetabular screws is technically demanding; there is a limited safe zone for screw fixation because of the complexity of the bone anatomy around the hip joint and the vulnerability of the major neurovascular bundles in the pelvic cavity. We aimed to present the obturator hook technique as a surgical technique for infra-acetabular screw placement in acetabular and pelvic fractures and report its radiological outcomes. Patients treated with infra-acetabular screw placement using the obturator hook technique between January 2015 and August 2020 were enrolled in this study. We collected data on demographics, surgical approach, reduction status, complications, and outcomes. The radiological outcomes of infra-acetabular screw placement based on computed tomography findings were evaluated as follows: success, articular penetration, or out of the bone. Thirty-five patients underwent infra-acetabular screw placement (26 men, 9 women; mean age, 55 years; range, 27-90 years). One patient underwent bilateral infra-acetabular screw placement; therefore, 36 infra-acetabular screws were inserted in all patients. An ideal placement was achieved with 27 infra-acetabular screws (27/36, 75%). Seven infra-acetabular screws (7/36, 19%) showed articular penetration, and two infra-acetabular screws (2/36, 6%) were placed outside the bone. One patient with articular penetration and mechanical symptoms of the hip joint required screw replacement. No other complications, including obturator nerve and vascular injuries, were observed. The obturator hook technique could be a favorable and individualized method for infra-acetabular screw placement in patients with acetabular and pelvic fractures. IV, retrospective descriptive study.

Comparison of Intraoperative Nociception and Postoperative Acute Pain After Traditional or Minimally Invasive Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs

Background: Many variations of ovariohysterectomy techniques have been described, including the traditional one and minimally invasive procedures. Non-laparoscopic Snook hook technique is an alternative for performing minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy. Few studies have been carried out in order to assess pain in animals submitted to minimally invasive surgeries, especially involving one of the most performed surgical procedures in veterinary practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical duration, intraoperative nociception and acute postoperative pain after traditional ovariohysterectomy or minimally invasive non-laparoscopic technique in dogs using Snook hook. The hypothesis is that non-laparoscopic minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy would be faster and less painful than the conventional technique.Material, Methods &amp; Results: Thirty dogs were divided into Traditional Group (TG = 15) and Minimally Invasive Group (MIG = 15). Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, body temperature, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (ETCO2) and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were evaluated before the surgery to start (M0), during incision (M1), clamping of the first ovarian pedicle (M2), second ovarian pedicle (M3), uterine cervix (M4), abdominal suture (M5) and at the end of surgery (M6). The modified Glasgow Pain Scale was used for acute postoperative pain assessment and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the sensitivity of surgical wound. The level of significance established for all statistical analyzes was 5%. Statistical differences were not observed between groups considering total surgical time and postoperative acute pain intensity (P &gt; 0.05), in spite of MIG having shorter duration of surgery. There was no statistical difference between groups considering all intraoperative parameters except respiratory rate (TG &lt; MIG; P &lt; 0.05) and ETCO2 (MIG &lt; TG; P &lt; 0.05) at the moment of traction of the first ovarian pedicle (M2). Pain assessment by VAS showed statistical difference 24h after the end of surgery (TG &lt; MIG) (P &lt; 0.05). Discussion: Both procedures were similar regarding intraoperative nociception and acute postoperative pain. It is possible that the sensation of pain in both procedures was blocked by the effectiveness of analgesics, once they might cause an inhibition of painful behaviors limiting a possible difference in pain identification. Higher respiratory stress observed in MIG at M2 and higher pain score by VAS noted in MIG 24 h after the end of surgery can be justified by greater traction of ovarian pedicle, due to limited surgical access of minimally invasive technique. Minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy non-laparoscopic seems to be potentially faster, probably due to the smaller size of the abdominal incision, which takes less time to be closed. In the present study, both techniques were performed by an experienced surgeon, providing safe procedures, nevertheless it is important to emphasize that iatrogenic injury can be caused by surgeons not proficient in the Snook hook technique, considering the limited visualization of anatomical abdominal structures. Data obtained indicate that traditional ovariohysterectomy and non-laparoscopic Snook hook technique promote similar intraoperative nociception and acute postoperative pain, however minimally invasive procedure is potentially faster and with less surgical trauma.

Securing Applications against Side-channel Attacks through Resource Access Veto

Apps on modern mobile operating systems can access various system resources with, or without, an explicit user permission. Although the OS generally maintains strict separation between apps, an app can still get access to another app’s private information, such as the user input, through numerous side-channels. For example, keystrokes and swipe gestures from a victim app can be inferred indirectly from the accelerometer or gyroscope output, allowing a zero-permission app to learn sensitive inputs such as passwords from the victim’s app. Current mobile OSes allow an app to defend itself in such situations only in some exceptional cases—e.g., by blocking screenshot captures in Android. In this article, we propose a general mechanism for apps to defend themselves from any unwanted implicit or explicit interference from other concurrently running apps. Our AppVeto solution enables an app developer to easily configure an app’s requirements for a safe environment; a foreground app can request the OS to disallow access—i.e., to enable veto powers—to selected side-channel-prone resources to all other running apps for a certain (short) duration, e.g., no access to the accelerometer during password input. In a sense, we enable a finer-grained access control policy than the current runtime permission model. We implement AppVeto on Android using the Xposed framework and Procedure Linkage Table hooking techniques, without changing Android APIs. Furthermore, we show that AppVeto imposes negligible overhead, while being effective against several well-known side-channel attacks—implemented via both Android Java and/or Native APIs.

Acute Hamstring Muscle Tears in Climbers—Current Rehabilitation Concepts

Acute hamstring injuries are often caused by the heel hook technique. This technique is unique to climbing and causes injury to muscular and inert tissues of the posterior thigh. The heel hook is used by climbers during strenuous ascent on overhanging walls and when crossing difficult terrain. The technique reduces the amount of upper body strength required during strenuous climbing because the climber's center of mass is retained within the base of support. The heel hook is stressful collectively for the hamstring muscle group and musculotendinous junction. Depending on injury severity, both conservative and surgical methods exist for the management of hamstring injuries. Contemporary approaches to rehabilitation primarily advocate the use of eccentric muscle strengthening strategies because of high rates of elongation stress associated with sprinting and team sports. However, there is reason to doubt whether this alone is sufficient to rehabilitate the climbing athlete in light of the high degree of concentric muscle strength required in the heel hook maneuver. This review examines the contemporary rehabilitation and strength and conditioning literature in relation to the management of acute hamstring musculotendinous injuries for the climbing athlete. The review provides a comprehensive approach for the rehabilitation and athletic preparation of the climbing athlete from the initial injury to full return to sports participation.