Hong's Method Research Articles

Autocratic decision making using group recommendations based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets, enhanced Karnik–Mendel algorithms, and the ordered weighted aggregation operator

Autocratic decision making using group recommendations (ADMUGRs) is a very important research topic in the research area of multiple attributes group decision making (MAGDM), which automatically modifies the weights of decision makers (DMs) to get MAGDM results. In this paper, a new method for ADMUGRs is proposed based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs), enhanced Karnik-Mendel (EKM) algorithms, and the ordered weighted aggregation (OWA) operator. Each DM uses linguistic terms represented by IT2FSs to evaluate the attributes of alternatives, where different attributes can have different weights in [0, 1]. The evaluating matrices (EMs) and the weighting vectors (WVs) of the attributes given by the DMs are assessed by linguistic terms represented by IT2FSs. The proposed method can overcome the shortcomings of Chen and Hong's method (2014), Chen and Lee's method (2010) and Cheng et al.’s method (2016) for ADMUGRs in IT2FSs environments.

Reversible data hiding in encrypted image using new embedding pattern and multiple judgments

This work proposes a data embedding method in encrypted images. The proposed method introduces a new embedding pattern which using the pixel spatial correlation in a block and border pixels on the block sides to achieve a low error rate effectively. In the extraction end, the neighboring blocks are also adopted to predict the current block to calculate the smoothness more accurately. Experimental results show our proposed method performs better than Zhang's method and Hong's method. In the case of the block size is 8ź×ź8, the error rate for the cover image Lena in Zhang's method is 1.25 % and the error rate of Hong's method is 0.34 %, while the error rate in our proposed embedding method reduces to 0.2 %.

Information Spillovers among International Crude Oil Markets — An Empirical Analysis Based on CCF Method and ECM

Abstract Using Hong's method based on Cross Covariance Function (CCF) and Error Correction Model (ECM), this article studies Granger causality and information spillovers among major global crude oil markets including London, New York, Dubai as well as Tapis and Minas in Southeast Asia. The results show that London and New York futures markets play dominant roles in information spillover, and WTI crude oil futures has a slight edge over Brent crude oil futures in information transmission by using methodology introduced by Hong. In addition, empirical results show Hong's method is more effective than ECM in testing Granger causality and information spillovers.

On Nonsingular Power LCM Matrices

Let e ≥ 1 be an integer and S={x1,…,xn} a set of n distinct positive integers. The matrix ([xi, xj]e) having the power [xi, xj]e of the least common multiple of xi and xj as its (i, j)-entry is called the power least common multiple (LCM) matrix defined on S. The set S is called gcd-closed if (xi,xj) ∈ S for 1≤ i, j≤ n. Hong in 2004 showed that if the set S is gcd-closed such that every element of S has at most two distinct prime factors, then the power LCM matrix on S is nonsingular. In this paper, we use Hong's method developed in his previous papers to consider the next case. We prove that if every element of an arbitrary gcd-closed set S is of the form pqr, or p2qr, or p3qr, where p, q and r are distinct primes, then except for the case e=1 and 270, 520 ∈ S, the power LCM matrix on S is nonsingular. We also show that if S is a gcd-closed set satisfying xi< 180 for all 1≤ i≤ n, then the power LCM matrix on S is nonsingular. This proves that 180 is the least primitive singular number. For the lcm-closed case, we establish similar results.

Evaluation of drug effects on rat and rabbit sperm motility using a modification of hong's method

Evaluation of drug effects on rat and rabbit sperm motility using a modification of hong's method