Honeycomb Type Research Articles

Low-velocity impact response of sandwich plates with corrugation star-shaped honeycomb hybrid core

Compared with traditional lightweight corrugation and honeycomb cores, the novel cellular structure exhibiting a negative Poisson's ratio possesses distinctive mechanical deformation features, making it suitable for modeling lightweight sandwich structures. Therefore, the concept of combining the auxetic honeycomb core with folded corrugations is proposed to construct a new type of corrugation star-shaped honeycomb (SSH) hybrid core for studying the dynamic behavior of sandwich panels subjected to low-velocity impact. Integrate Hertz elasticity theory and first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) to develop an equivalent analytical model, and derive the equations of motion through Hamilton principle. To model contact force interactions during dynamic processes, a spring-mass model is utilized. Analytical solutions are derived for predicting transverse displacement with Duhamel's principle and Navier's method. Numerical simulations are conducted using the Abaqus commercial software, and the validity of the results is confirmed by comparing them with findings in the existing literature. Based on this, effective strategies for enhancing the sandwich panel's resistance to low-velocity impacts are proposed by examining the influence of different side length ratios, thickness ratios, and cell concave angles. In comparison to the corrugation re-entrant hexagonal honeycomb hybrid core sandwich panel structure, the corrugation SSH hybrid core sandwich panel structure reduces transverse displacement by 33.6 % at the same impact velocity.

In-plane mechanical behavior design of triangular gradient rib honeycombs

Two types of triangular gradient rib honeycombs (Triangular gradient rib honeycomb-Type Z-AXBYs) were designed and proposed in this paper. A finite element numerical model was constructed using Abaqus/Explicit, with model accuracy verified, and a series of studies were conducted. Firstly, the mechanical properties of TCH, TGH, and two types of TGRH-Type Z-AXBYs under axial impact were analyzed. Results showed that the specific energy absorption (SEA) of TGH improved by 101.27 % compared to TCH; TGRH-Type I-170°-AXBYs SEA improved by up to 77.21 % compared to TGH; TGRH-Type II-180°-AXBYs SEA improved by up to 63.84 % compared to TGH. Adding a layer with a larger angle at the bottom of the honeycomb effectively improved the impact resistance and energy absorption of the structure. The mechanical properties of two types of TGRH-Type Z-θ-AXBYs with different layers were studied, showing that TGRH-Type I-θ-AXBYs had the best mechanical properties. TGRH-Type I-θ-AXBYs SEA improved by a maximum of 23.57 % compared to TGRH-Type II-θ-AXBYs and by a minimum of 13.71 %. TGRH-Type I-θ-AXBYs SEA improved by a maximum of 74.95 % and a minimum of 12.88 % compared to TGRH-Type I-θ-6X. Finally, the effects of wall thickness and velocity on the two types of TGRH-Type Z-AXBYs were analyzed. Properly increasing the wall thickness effectively improved the impact resistance of the structure. This paper provides a feasible reference for introducing a gradient ribbed plate design into triangular honeycombs to enhance their in-plane mechanical properties.

A novel Star-4 honeycomb with the inclined ligaments for enhanced tunability of wave propagation behaviors

The dynamic mechanical properties of mechanical metamaterials based on the honeycomb structures are widely concerned, especially the wave propagation behaviors. In this study, a novel type of honeycomb is designed by combing the Star-4 structure with the inclined ligaments. A dynamic analysis model of the Star-4 honeycomb with the inclined ligaments (S4HILs) is established based on the periodic description by the Bloch’s theorem and the discretization by the finite element theory of Timoshenko beam. The band gap characteristics calculated by the proposed model are compared with the frequency responses obtained by the commercial software to provide the modeling validation. The boundary vibration modes of S4HILs are compared to reveal the formation and closure mechanism of band gap. Moreover, the effects of different types of geometrical features on the band gap distribution and the macro-Poisson’s ratio are systematically investigated. The group velocity is finally discussed according to the global dispersion relation to explore the directivity of wave propagation. The results indicate that the inclined ligament can significantly enhance the tunability of wave propagation behaviors, which is mainly reflected in the broadened regulation range of band structure, Poisson’s ratio, and group velocity. This work provides an innovative idea for the regulation of wave propagation behaviors though the connection design between mechanical metamaterial unit cells.

Investigation of the influence of morphology on thermal conductivity in hexagonal honeycomb structures and computational models with varied volume fraction and conductivity ratio

The effective thermal conductivity (ETC) is a critical parameter for simulating macroscopic heat transfer processes in composite materials, which estimation is particularly critical where the thermal conductivity of the composite phases is completely different. The huge difference in thermal conductivity of the composite phases makes their volume fraction modulation a classical way to reach the desired thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, the typical manufacturing process of honeycomb cellular structures allows various degrees of stretching of the structure, leading to various honeycomb geometries. In these ‘real’ structures some of the honeycomb wall sides are twice as thick as other parts, modifying the symmetry of the system with respect to honeycomb with uniform wall side thickness. A noticeable example of these composites is that of a hexagonal metallic honeycomb structure filled with phase change material (PCM) which is a widely utilized material in the field of thermal storage and thermal management by exploiting the heat absorbed/released by the PCM phase during its melting/solidification. While the thermal response of a PCM composite during a thermal cycle is not only defined by thermal conductivity (but also by cell size), this represents the basis for the with the optimization of a system based on a composite PCM.For this reason, in this study, steady-state simulations of heat transfer in unit honeycomb cells in different directions perpendicular to the cell axis are conducted to quantify the impact of morphology on the thermal property of the different wall types within honeycomb structures. The results demonstrate that in both SHS and DHS, the porosity exhibiting maximum anisotropy of ETC decreases as the thermal conductivity ratio increases. Moreover, simple predictive models for calculating the ETC in all directions are proposed for each type of honeycomb, considering a wide range of porosity and thermal conductivity ratio, with a relative error limited to 2 %.

Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of the Effective Mechanical Properties of an Arc Star-Shaped Auxetic Honeycomb

Background: Auxetic honeycombs have attracted a lot of attention due to their excellent properties, including lightweight, and outstanding impact resistance and energy absorption. Methods: This study focuses on a new type of arc star-shaped honeycomb (ASSH) by replacing the tip angles of the classical star-shaped honeycomb (SSH) with curved edges. The theoretical expressions of the effective Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus are deduced by using the Timoshenko beam theory and energy method. Furthermore, the numerical model is also established through the Finite Element Method (FEM); then, both the analytical and computational approaches are adopted to conduct parametric analysis. Results: It was found that the effective mechanical properties obtained by theoretical analysis and the FEM are consistent with each other, and ASSH bears tunable effective Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus under varying geometric configurations. Conclusion: The present work may provide some guidance for the design and analysis of future auxetic honeycombs.

Collodion Baby Progressing to Camisa Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Literature in Asian Population

Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a broad entity comprising wide range of hereditary and acquired disorders. Herein, we present a case of 18-year-old female who presented with complaints of palmoplantar thickening since birth and progressive constriction bands around digits for 3 years. On examination, diffuse transgradient honeycomb type of PPK was present. Fibrous constriction bands (pseudoainhum) were present circumferentially around the distal interphalangeal joint of fifth finger and metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth toe bilaterally. Punch biopsy from palms revealed hyperkeratotic, stratified squamous epithelium with vacuolar degeneration and prominent keratohyaline granules. Audiogram was normal. On the basis of history, clinical examination and investigations, a diagnosis of Camisa syndrome was made and the patient was started on oral retinoids. We also discussed case findings of Camisa Syndrome reported in Asian population.

Expression of Notch1 in Ameloblastoma and Correlation with CBCT Imaging Subtypes

Objective: Ameloblastoma (AM) is a prevalent benign odontogenic tumor affecting the jaw bone. Its potential for recurrence and malignant transformation is closely associated with the regulation of signaling pathways. The objective of this study was to examine the expression and clinical significance of Notch1 in AM, along with exploring the correlation between Notch1 expression and AM imaging patterns. Methods: The streptavidin-peroxidase (S-P) immunohistochemical technique was employed to detect the expression of Notch1 protein in the oral mucosa of 70 AM patients and 25 normal controls. Additionally, the preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the patients were classified, and the results were analyzed in relation to the expression of Notch1 protein in AM. Results: The positive expression rate of Notch1 in the 70 AM patients was 74.29% (52/70), while the Notch1 expression rate in 26 oral mucosa patients was 19.23% (5/26), indicating a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The expression rate of Notch1 was 58.06% in single-room AM and lower in multi-room AM (85.29%) and honeycomb AM (100%) (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the expression rate of Notch1 between multi-room AM and honeycomb AM (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Notch1 may serve as an important diagnostic indicator in AM, and the apoptosis inhibition ability and cell proliferation ability of single-room AM are lower compared to those of the room and honeycomb types

Preparation and sound insulation of honeycomb composite structures filled with glass fiber

AbstractHoneycomb composite with excellent mechanical–physical properties had attracted extensive attention. To achieve outstanding sound insulation while maximizing the high‐performance of honeycomb composite, this article reported a honeycomb composite structure filled with glass fiber (HFG) based on a paper‐making process and the corresponding sandwich structure. Pulping parameters, mechanical property, air permeability and sound insulation of HFG were analyzed. The results showed that the hanging index and settling height of glass fiber slurry were inversely proportional to the beating degree, which was beneficial for reducing the coefficient of variation (CV) of HFG with value of 4%–6%. The maximum improvement in tensile strength and bursting strength of HFG were 70% and 53%, respectively. In addition, sound transmission loss (STL) of HFG was proportional to cell size, density, filling amount and thickness of the honeycomb. Compared to HFG, sandwich structure consisting of HFG and glass fiber/hot melt fiber panels effectively improved STL, especially at low‐mid frequencies. It was also found that designing holes on the surface of sandwich structure could further improve STL in certain frequency bands. The structure offered a lightweight and high‐performance response for construction, transportation and infrastructure.Highlights This article designs a new type of honeycomb filled glass fiber via paper‐making process, aiming to improve the comprehensive performance of honeycomb. By the design of embedded structure, the maximum improvement in tensile strength and bursting strength of honeycomb were 70% and 53%, respectively. By designing perforated, embedded and laminated structures, sound insulation has been improved, while reducing material quality.

Origami embedded honeycomb with three-axial comparable and improved energy absorption performance

Origami has been exploited to various marvelous materials to manifest mechanical properties. In this study, inspired by the distinctive deformation modes of kresling-origami with rotation limitation, a design strategy of embedding kresling-origami into conventional honeycomb for improving energy absorption capacity is proposed. According to different embedding approaches, i.e., replacing or adding cell walls, two types of origami-embedded honeycombs are constructed. To investigate the energy absorption properties of proposed origami-embedded honeycombs, 3D-printed specimens are manufactured and tested under quasi-static compression. The experiment results show that proposed origami-embedded honeycomb have higher specific energy absorption and three-axial comparable energy absorption performance relative to conventional ones. It indicates the design strategy of embedding kresling-origami is practical for improving energy absorption capacity of conventional honeycomb and weakening its anisotropy. In addition, the energy absorption performance of origami-embedded honeycombs with different geometrical configurations is investigated through an established and experimentally validated numerical simulation model. Furthermore, the mechanism (i.e., high energy-absorbing deformation modes of kresling-origami under boundary constraints) of embedding design strategy is clarified via comparison analysis between experiments and simulations. This strategy carves out a novel way to optimize the mechanical properties of honeycomb and may inspire new innovations of metamaterials.

Energy absorption characteristics and negative Poisson's ratio effect of axisymmetric tetrachiral honeycombs under in-plane impact

Negative Poisson’s ratio honeycombs have been widely studied in recent years due to their unique mechanical properties. A tetrachiral honeycomb (TCH) exhibits a bulging effect when subjected to in-plane impact, reducing its Poisson’s ratio effect. To improve the performance of TCH, this study proposes two types of axisymmetric tetrachiral honeycombs (ATCH-1 and ATCH-2). First, the in-plane impact performances of TCH, ATCH-1, and ATCH-2 are compared via experiments, and the accuracy of the finite element model is validated. Then, the effects of the different parameters on the deformation modes, energy absorption characteristics, and negative Poisson’s ratio effects of the three types of honeycombs are analyzed via finite element models. ATCH-1 and ATCH-2 have higher specific energy absorption (SEA) and a more significant negative Poisson’s ratio effect than TCH at an impact velocity of 10 m/s. However, the axisymmetric honeycombs do not have advantages at impact velocities of 50 m/s and 100 m/s. The cylindrical radius r significantly affects the deformation mode of the three types of honeycombs. The axisymmetric design provides a new concept for the novel negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb design.

A novel method to eliminate the bending-induced collapse of hexagonal honeycomb

A novel grooving method for eliminating the bending-induced collapse of hexagonal honeycombs has been proposed, which lies in determining the appropriate grooving parameters, including the grooving spacing, angle, and depth. To this end, a framework built upon the experiment-based, machine learning approach for grooving parameters prediction was presented. The continuously grooved honeycomb bending experiments with various radii, honeycomb types, and thicknesses were carried out, and then the deformation level of honeycombs at different grooving spacing was quantitatively evaluated. A criterion for determining the grooving spacing was proposed by setting an appropriate tolerance for the out-of-plane compression strength. It was found that as the curvature increases, the grooving spacing increases due to the deformation level of honeycombs being more severe at a smaller bending radius. Besides, the grooving spacing drops as the honeycomb thickness increases, and the cell size has a positive effect on the grooving spacing, while the relative density has a negative effect on the grooving spacing. Furthermore, the data-driven Gaussian Process (GP) was trained from the collected data to predict the grooving spacing efficiently. The grooving angle and depth were calculated using the geometrical relationship of honeycombs before and after bending. Finally, the grooving parameters design and verification of a honeycomb sandwich fairing part were conducted based on the proposed grooving method.

Crushing responses and energy absorption of bionic inspired corrugated honeycombs

To improve the energy absorption of traditional structures, impact resistant natural materials are usually mimicked to develop novel structures with desirable energy absorption. In this work, inspired by the unique 3D corrugated microstructure of vascular bundles in pomelo peel, a new design of honeycomb structure with corrugated characteristics is proposed. Further, motivated by special nodal bulkhead architecture of bamboo, layered honeycombs with diaphragms are designed and fabrication by metal 3D printing technology. The quasi-static and dynamic crushing responses and energy absorption characteristics of six types of bio-inspirational honeycombs (ISWH, LSWH, ISCH, LSCH, IPCH and LPCH) are studied using quasi-static testing machine and dynamic drop-weight impact experimental systems. To investigate the effect of impact speed on the crashworthiness performance of the honeycombs, the tests of the honeycombs impacted by the drop-weight with two different mass (106.07 and 59.60 Kg) and three impact velocity (V1=6.23, V2=8.82 and V3=11.77 m/s), respectively, are performed. The experimental results indicate that the crush failure mode of the layered honeycombs is more regular than that of the integrated honeycombs. Failure of all layered honeycombs occurs first at the junction of the honeycomb and diaphragms. Under impact loading, the layered corrugated wall honeycombs exhibit a greater final crushing distance than their corresponding integrated honeycombs. The design of corrugated wall can effectively reduce the initial peak force of the integrated honeycombs, while the layered honeycomb design also facilitates the reduction of the initial peak force, thus avoiding damage to personnel or equipment from excessive peak collision forces. The layered design will reduce the specific energy absorption of the integrated honeycombs in most cases, but a reasonable combination of layered and corrugated wall design can also effectively increase the specific energy absorption of the honeycombs under a specific loading speed. And, the layered design can also effectively improve the crush force efficiency of the corresponding integrated honeycombs.

Analytical homogenization for equivalent in-plane elastic moduli of honeycomb structures with stiffened joints

The joint-stiffened honeycombs have attracted increasing interest recently due to the improved stiffness, strength and energy absorption properties. Undoubtedly, stiffened joints play a significant role in the equivalent in-plane elastic moduli (EIEM). This paper proposes an analytical homogenization for EIEM of honeycomb with stiffened joints (HSJ). First, the stiffness matrix of a honeycomb cell wall (based on rod and Timoshenko theories) connected to stiffened joints (modelled as rigid bodies) is formulated. Based on the unit cell method, closed-form expressions of EIEM are proposed, which are sufficiently general to be applied to three types of honeycombs. The closed-form expressions are validated very well by numerical simulation and experiment. Furthermore, the proposed expressions are applied to hexagonal, auxetic and square HSJ and the dependency of EIEM on inclined and vertical sizes of stiffened joints is discussed. The results show that Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratio are strongly related to the size of the inclined section of stiffened joints; while shear modulus is strongly related to the size of the vertical section. It is also found that the improvement of Young’s modulus for aluminium joint-stiffened nylon honeycomb can reach up to 41% compared to nylon honeycomb under the same weight.

Benign fibrohistiocytic jaw lesions: a 48-year clinicopathologic analysis and review of the literature

Intra-osseous fibrohistiocytic lesions have long been reported in the literature; evidence suggests they represent a heterogeneous group of reactive and neoplastic processes. This study evaluated a series of gnathic fibrohistiocytic lesions to identify and categorize their clinical, radiographic and morphologic spectrum. A retrospective case search over 48 years was conducted for maxillary and mandibular intra-bony fibrohistiocytic lesions. Diagnoses were confirmed and demographic, radiographic, clinical and follow-up data was analyzed. Fifty cases met the inclusion criteria. Most cases (80%) were found in the second through fourth decades (mean, 29 years). The most common location (86%) was the posterior mandible. Radiographic presentations varied, but a few patterns emerged, including a distinctive mottled, honeycomb type with punctate lucencies. All cases demonstrated fibrous components admixed with variable histiocytes. Eight cases (16%) were histiocyte-rich with dominant sheets of xanthoma cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed strong CD68 and CD163 expression, along with variable smooth muscle actin staining. The vast majority (92%) of cases were treated conservatively. Available follow-up showed lesional stability in 17 cases (average, 85 months) with 2 recurrences (24 months each) and no evidence of malignant transformation. This study is the largest to date of fibrohistiocytic gnathic lesions, revealing distinctive radiographic and histologic findings and characteristic clinical and immunophenotypic features. Available evidence suggests that most of these are indolent, slow-growing lesions amenable to conservative therapy.

In-plane compression performance of additively manufactured honeycomb structures: a review of influencing factors and optimisation techniques

PurposeHoneycombs enjoy wide use in various engineering applications. The emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) as a method of customisable of parts has enabled the reinvention of the honeycomb structure. However, research on in-plane compressive performance of both classical and new types of honeycombs fabricated via AM is still ongoing. Several important findings have emerged over the past years, with significance for the AM community and a review is considered necessary and timely. This paper aims to review the in-plane compressive performance of AM honeycomb structures.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides a state-of-the-art review focussing on the in-plane compressive performance of AM honeycomb structures, covering both polymers and metals. Recently published studies, over the past six years, have been reviewed under the specific theme of in-plane compression properties.FindingsThe key factors influencing the AM honeycombs' in-plane compressive performance are identified, namely the geometrical features, such as topology shape, cell wall thickness, cell size and manufacturing parameters. Moreover, the techniques and configurations commonly used for geometry optimisation toward improving mechanical performance are discussed in detail. Current AM limitations applicable to AM honeycomb structures are identified and potential future directions are also discussed in this paper.Originality/valueThis work evaluates critically the primary results and findings from the published research literature associated with the in-plane compressive mechanical performance of AM honeycombs.

Experimental investigations on the effect of infill patterns on PLA for structural applications

3D printing is widely employed for a variety of applications due to its numerous advantages. The mechanical properties of a part made using 3D printing are quite important. As a result, it's critical to comprehend how distinct 3D printing process parameter values affect the part's mechanical qualities. However, for some applications, there needs a rigid framework that can tolerate parametric conditions. The mechanical strength of printed objects is influenced by printing parameters such as infill patterns, infill density, and print speed. The infill pattern of 3D printed material for exoskeleton application is examined in this study. In the study performed, it is attempted to find out the best infill pattern for good tensile and bending properties for a particular application. Out of the different patterns which are subjected to study in this investigation, it was found that, the maximum flexural stress value for a honeycomb type infill structure is 65 MPa but their tensile load capacity is less. Cubic type infill structure shows a highest flexural stress value of 64.8 MPa and tensile value of 20.56 MPa. Cubic type infill pattern gave the better result than other type of infill patterns which are subjected to different mechanical property evaluation in this study. According to the mechanical property investigation results obtained for the Cubic type infill pattern, it is found that, this type of infill pattern will be most suitable for exoskeleton applications.

Anti-blast performance of 3D-printed sandwich panels with auxetic hexagonal and regular hexagonal honeycomb cores

3D-printed auxetic honeycomb sandwich panels (HSPs) have considerable potential for blast resistance enhancement. This study aims to bridge the gap with regard to the experimental data on the effect of 3D-printed auxetic hexagonal honeycomb cores on the blast response of HSPs. To this end, the blast resistance of HSPs developed using auxetic re-entrant and regular hexagonal honeycomb cores is investigated experimentally and numerically. First, six HSPs are tested under close-in blast loadings. The HSPs comprise Q345 steel top and bottom sheets as well as a honeycomb aluminum alloy core with two configurations (regular hexagonal and auxetic re-entrant). According to the results, the former configuration enhances the HSP blast resistance by not only decreasing the deformation of the HSPs but also improving their damage tolerance. In addition, the responses of the HSPs are numerically studied via finite element analysis. The numerical method using the finite element program LS-DYNA achieves reasonable accuracy. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the honeycomb type, cell angle, debonding effects, and core material on the blast resistance of the HSPs. The results demonstrate that employing auxetic hexagonal honeycomb core, smaller cell angle, and ductile core material can improve the blast resistance of HSPs.

IDENTIFIKASI JENIS INFILL PATTERN PADA PROSES 3D PRINTING YANG MENGHASILKAN HASIL CETAK DENGAN KEKUATAN TEKAN DAN PANJANG FILAMEN YANG OPTIMAL

3D Printing technology becomes a potential solution to build various customized leg prosthetics. As a leg prosthetic must be able to hold a compressive force, it is important to find the compressive strength of the 3D printed part. The aim of this research is to find the infill pattern type which produces the 3D printed part with the highest compressive strength and the shortest filament length. This research uses the Fused Filament Fabrication method to print 24 parts made of Polylactic Acid using 12 different infill patterns with 50% density. All printed parts are designed to replicate the ASTM D695 specimen. After that, the compressive strength of each part is measured by using a Universal Testing Machine. And the filament length of each part is estimated by using slicer software. Based on the experiment result, the infill pattern with the highest compressive strength is the 3D Honeycomb type. However, this infill pattern requires the longest filament length compared to other infill patterns. In order to achieve a similar value of compressive strength with the minimum required material, the Cubic type is recommended to be implemented.

Adsorption equilibrium modelling for different temperature conditions and its influence on adsorption mass transfer

The paper deals with numerical modelling of adsorption kinetics in a narrow channel of a honeycomb type adsorber. The mass transfer model consists of solving the diffusion-convection transport equation for adsorbate species in the fluid phase. The adsorbate flux to the wall is computed implicitly by using the Boundary Element Method for the solution of the transport equation. Scalable boundary condition for the adsorbate concentration on the adsorbent walls is used, defined on basis of the ratio of the accumulated adsorbate mass and the equilibrium adsorbate mass for a given system temperature. As the state of equilibrium is dependent also on the system temperature, a sensitivity study of the adsorption process under different system temperatures is performed. Among the studied adsorption equilibria models, including the Freundlich model, Simplified local density (SLD) model and the Dubinin-Radushkevich model, the latter is proved as the best compromise between accuracy and computational cost and applied in mass transfer kinetics computations. The results of computations show, that the increase in system temperature results in a decrease of breakthrough times, as the equilibrium amounts of adsorbate at the adsorbent walls decrease with increasing temperature, therefore making the derived numerical model suitable for further use in detailed mass transfer kinetics computations.

Design and structural analysis of non-pneumatic tyres for different structures of polyurethane spokes

NPTs have vast applications because of no tyre puncture, no need for air pressure, low rolling resistance, and also have higher flexibility for design and recyclability. In this research work, different structures of polyurethane (PU) spokes have been designed and analyzed under radial loading conditions which include structures like honeycomb with varying cell angles, simple spoke, and trapezoid type by keeping in view that the cell wall thickness and somehow the mass of the structures remain the same. Based on the Mooney-Rivlin hyper-elastic material model and performing 2D non-linear static structural analysis on different types of NPTs using ANSYS, it has been observed that the simple spoke structure has the lowest spoke stress and deformation values of 2.01 MPa and 11.7 mm, while HC–A1 has the least value of strain energy of 2.58 mJ, at a load of 2500 N. The above results show that the straight spoke structures like simple spoke and trapezoid type have a high load-carrying ability than the honeycomb type NPTs under same boundary conditions. While honeycomb NPTs have higher fatigue life as compared to straight-spoke NPTs.