Honeycomb-like Structure Research Articles

Three-Step Change in Uniaxial Negative Thermal Expansion by Switching Supramolecular Motion Modes in Ferromagnetically-Coupled Nickel Dithiolate Lattice

The wheel-axle-type supramolecule, ((+H3N-C2H4)2O)([18]crown-6)2, was introduced into the crystal as a counter cation of [Ni(dmit)2]−. Within the crystal, [Ni(dmit)2]− was arranged in a honeycomb-like structure and one-dimensional chains formed by...

基于Hyperworks和LS-DYNA的类蜂窝结构吸能效果分析和优化

基于Hyperworks和LS-DYNA的类蜂窝结构吸能效果分析和优化

Sputter Grown Hexagonal WSe2@Graphite Nanoflakes for Electrochemical Energy Storage

In the pursuit of sustainable and efficient energy storage solutions, researchers have continuously explored novel materials and technologies to enhance the performance of energy storage devices. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), molybdenum diselenides (MoSe2), and tungsten disulfide (WS2) with a honeycomb-like structure has sparked considerable interest in utilization as electrode material for supercapacitor (SCs) applications due to their unique layered structures. Generally, the small surface area of TMDCs in their bulk form restricts their practical usage in the SCs applications. Whereas TMDC in thin 2D form exhibits high surface area and flexibility to the electrode material which allows more charge storage and results in high capacitance and energy density. In the present work, high-quality tungsten diselenide (WSe2) thin film electrodes were deposited over graphite sheets (WSe2@Graphite) using DC magnetron sputtering technique at an elevated temperature of around 200 0C under the controlled argon atmosphere. The electrochemical properties of these WSe2@Graphite electrode were investigated in three electrodes configuration using 1M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte by recording CV, GCD, and EIS spectra. The hexagonal WSe2@graphite nanoflakes were found to exhibit an exceptionally high areal capacitance of 88.05 mF/cm2 and energy density of 7.83 µWh/cm2 at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Further, GCD was performed, and the WSe2@graphite electrode exhibits a high areal capacitance of 37.5 mF/cm2 at the current density of 0.5 mA/cm2. The WSe2 thin film electrode shows a high energy density of 3.3 µWh/cm2 at a power density of 199.98 µW/cm2. Additionally, the WSe2@graphite thin film electrode demonstrates high cyclic stability with retaining ~ 90.33% capacitance even after 2000 consecutive GCD cycles. The obtained hexagonal nanoflakes-like morphology provides a high surface area and porous structure that helps to improve the electrochemical performance of the WSe2 thin film. The obtained results demonstrate that the WSe2@graphite thin film exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and can be utilized as a potential material for supercapacitor electrodes. Keywords- Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs), tungsten diselenide (WSe2), DC magnetron sputtering, supercapacitor, and nanoflakes Figure 1

Biobased Tannic Acid-Chitosan Composite Membranes as Reusable Adsorbents for Effective Enrichment of Phosphopeptides.

High-performance reusable materials from renewable resources are rare and urgently required in bioseparation. Herein, a series of tannic acid-chitosan composite membranes for the enrichment of phosphopeptides were fabricated by the freeze casting method. First, a tannic acid-chitosan composite membrane was acquired via the multiple hydrogen bonds between tannic acid and chitosan, which had a long-range aligned three-dimensional microstructure. Second, a covalent-hydrogen bond hybrid composite was also fabricated, with stable and aligned honeycomb-like microstructures that formed by the synergy of covalence and hydrogen bonding. Besides, a ternary composite membrane was "one-pot" synthesized by the copolymerization of tannic acid, chitosan, and Ti4+ ions, indicating the feasibility of involving metal ions in the composition of the polymer skeleton in place of additional modification steps. The as-prepared chitosan composite membranes exhibited excellent performance in the enrichment of phosphopeptides from β-casein tryptic digest and human serum. Benefitting from the long-range aligned honeycomb-like structure coordinated by hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds, and a large number of pyrogallol functional groups provided by tannic acid, the covalent-hydrogen bond hybrid membrane showed excellent reusability and could be reused up to 16 times in phosphopeptide enrichment, as far as we know, which is the best reported result to date.

Dual cross-linked and vertically oriented MXene/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel for ultrabroadband electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal camouflage

Lightweight and porous conductive aerogels have demonstrated great potential in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and thermal camouflage, while the poor mechanical properties and structural stability usually limit their applications. Herein, vertically oriented and physically/chemically dual cross-linked Ti3C2TX MXene/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite aerogel is prepared by ice-templated unidirectional freezing process and subsequent glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment. GA induced covalent crosslinking leads to the significantly enhanced structural stability and mechanical strength of the resultant MXene/PVA composite aerogels, which also endows them with desirable flame retardancy. The honeycomb-like structure of the composite aerogel contributes to its good anisotropic absorption-dominated EMI shielding performance over an ultrabroadband frequency range (8.2–40 GHz) with a low MXene content of 3.81 vol%. Furthermore, the excellent thermal insulation properties and low infrared emissivity of the highly oriented arranged MXene sheets bring the composite aerogel promising applications in thermal camouflage. Therefore, the lightweight and robust MXene/PVA composite aerogel demonstrates great potential in multi-scenario applications as a high-performance multifunctional EMI shielding material.

Cubosomes as versatile lipid nanocarriers for neurological disorder therapeutics: a comprehensive review.

Cubosomes are novel vesicular drug delivery systems with lipidic liquid crystal nanoparticles formed of predetermined proportions of amphiphilic lipids. They have a honeycomb-like structure and are thermodynamically stable. These bicontinuous lipid layers are separated into two water-based channels internally that can be used by various bioactive substances, including drugs, proteins, and peptides. This complex structure is responsible for its high drug-loading capacity. Cubosomes are thought to be promising vehicles for various routes of administration because of their extraordinary characteristics, including bioadhesion, the capacity to encapsulate hydrophilic, and hydrophobic, as well as amphiphilic substances, high resistance to environmental stress, and their ability to achieve controlled release through modification. One of the essential elements for improving patient compliance is the ability of these well-defined nano-drug delivery systems to boost the effectiveness of targeting while lowering the side effects/toxicities of payloads. The large internal surface area, a sufficiently uncomplicated fabrication procedure, and biodegradability make it an attractive nano lipid carrier for drug delivery. This review outlines the recent advancement of cubosomes for managing various neurological disorders, highlighting their potential in this field.

A bio-inspired, monolithic catalyst support structure for optimized conductive heat removal in catalytic reactors

The performance of catalytic reactors in heterogeneous catalysis is especially dependent on the support structures the catalysts are dispersed on. They determine important properties like the pressure drop as well as the temperature distribution within catalytic reactors. The latter is especially important for reactions like the CO2 methanation, which is highly exothermic, but thermodynamically favored at low temperatures. Here we present a novel monolithic catalyst support structure inspired by the shape of diatom shells. By coupling a genetic algorithm with an FEM solver, a parametric model is optimized towards good radial heat transport. By comparing the optimized structures with honeycombs already used in industry, the beneficial thermal properties are demonstrated both for a pure conductive case as well as for superimposed fluid convection using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The optimized designs give a good basis for honeycomb-like catalyst support structures with good heat removal while preserving very low pressure drops.

An Erythrocyte-Templated Iron Single-Atom Nanozyme for Wound Healing.

Iron single-atom nanozymes represent a promising artificial enzyme with superior activity owing to uniform active sites that can precisely mimic active center of nature enzymes. However, current synthetic strategies are hard to guarantee each active site at single-atom state. In this work, an erythrocyte-templated strategy by utilizing intrinsic hemin active center of hemoglobin as sing-atom source for nanozyme formation is developed. By combining cell fixation, porous salinization, and high-temperature carbonization, erythrocytes are successfully served as uniform templates to synthesize nanozymes with fully single-atom FeN4 active sites which derived from hemin of hemoglobin, resulting in an enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity. Interestingly, the catalytic activity of erythrocyte-templated nanozyme (ETN) shows dependence on animal species, among which murine ETN performed superior catalytic efficiency. In addition, the as-prepared ETNs display a honeycomb-like network structure, serving as a sponge to accelerate hemostasis based on the interactions with prothrombin and fibrinogen. These features enable ETN to effectively kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by combining POD-like catalysis with near-infrared (NIR) induced photothermal effect, and subsequently suitable to promote wound healing. This study provides a proof-of-concept for facile fabrication of multifunctional nanozymes with uniform single-atom active sites by utilizing intrinsic iron structure characteristics of biogenic source like erythrocytes.

Tunable electrical and impedance characteristics of Co–Zn doped M-type Sr Hexaferrites: Role of grain, grain boundaries, electrical transport mechanisms and software/circuit modeling

M-type hexaferrites SrCoxZnxFe12-2xO19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) have been synthesized using the sol-gel method. The structural, dielectric, and electrical properties of Zn2+ and Co2+ substituted strontium ferrite have been carried out. The dielectric and electric properties of prepared hexaferrites have been examined over the frequency range of 100 Hz to 2 MHz. The formation of the hexagonal phase has been confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The substitution of Co2+ and Zn2+ causes a reduction in crystallite size from 39.50 to 26.42 nm being the smallest in the case of x = 1.0. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates the formation of honeycomb-like grain structures in composition x = 1.0. The dielectric spectrum shows that the dielectric constant and loss tangent vary non-monotonically with the doping of Co–Zn content. A non-Debye type relaxation is shown by the electric modulus of the prepared compositions. There is a reduction in relaxation time with the increase in doping of Co–Zn. The impedance spectra indicate the effects of both grain and grain boundaries on the electrical properties. The impedance analysis has been presented with the modeling of electrical processes in the samples using an equivalent circuit model comprising of parallel RC circuit for grains and grain boundaries. The obtained simulated results are in agreement with the measured results.

Two noncentrosymmetric alkali metal phosphates MZnPO4 (M = Rb, Cs) with honeycomb-like structures

In recent years, phosphates have become a research hotspot to explore new ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Herein, two NLO materials MZnPO4 (M = Rb, Cs) are synthesized by cation substitution in alkali-zinc orthophosphates. Although they crystallize in different space groups P21 and Imm2, respectively, they both have a honeycomb-like topological structure consisting of corner-shared PO4 and ZnO4 tetrahedra and separated by "M" cations. Two compounds exhibit mild powder second harmonic generation (SHG) responses (1.2 and 0.5 × KDP for RbZnPO4 and CsZnPO4, respectively) with type I phase matching behaviors and short absorption edges (226 nm for RbZnPO4 and 231 nm for CsZnPO4). Furthermore, their thermal properties, infrared (IR) spectra and theoretical calculations are also mentioned in the paper. The synthesis and structure-property relationship described in the system will enable discovery of new NLO materials.

Strength and Deformation Behavior of Graphene Aerogel of Different Morphologies

Graphene aerogels are of high interest nowadays since they have ultralow density, rich porosity, high deformability, and good adsorption. In the present work, three different morphologies of graphene aerogels with a honeycomb-like structure are considered. The strength and deformation behavior of these graphene honeycomb structures are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The effect of structural morphology on the stability of graphene aerogel is discussed. It is shown that structural changes significantly depend on the structural morphology and the loading direction. The deformation of the re-entrant honeycomb is similar to the deformation of a conventional honeycomb due to the opening of the honeycomb cells. At the first deformation stage, no stress increase is observed due to the structural transformation. Further, stress concentration on the junctions of the honeycomb structure and over the walls occurs. The addition of carbon nanotubes and graphene flakes into the cells of graphene aerogel does not result in a strength increase. The mechanisms of weakening are analyzed in detail. The obtained results further contribute to the understanding of the microscopic deformation mechanisms of graphene aerogels and their design for various applications.

Investigation of the effect and mechanism of nanocellulose on soy protein isolate- konjac glucomannan composite hydrogel system

To enrich the application of nanocomposite hydrogels, we introduced two types of nanocellulose (CNC, cellulose nanocrystals; CNF, cellulose nanofibers) into the soy protein isolate(SPI)- konjac glucomannan (KGM) composite hydrogel system, respectively. The similarities and differences between the two types of nanocellulose as textural improvers of composite gels were successfully explored, and a model was developed to elaborate their interaction mechanisms. Appropriate levels of CNC (1.0 %) and CNF (0.75 %) prolonged SPI denaturation within the system, exposed more buried functional groups, improved molecular interactions, and strengthened the honeycomb structural skeleton formed by KGM. The addition of CNC resulted in greater gel strength (SKC1 2708.53 g vs. Control 810.35 g), while the addition of CNF improved the elasticity (SKF0.75 1940.24 g vs. Control 405.34 g). This was mainly attributed to the reinforcement of the honeycomb-structured, water binding and trapping, and the synergistic effect of covalent (disulfide bonds) and non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds) within the gel network. However, the balance and interactions between proteins and polysaccharides were disrupted in the composite system with excessive CNF addition (≥0.75 %), which broken the stability of the honeycomb-like structure. We expect this study will draw attention on potential applications of CNC and CNF in protein-polysaccharide binary systems and facilitate the creation of novel, superior, mechanically strength-regulated nanofiber composite gels.

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogels for controlled amoxicillin release

Hybrid crosslinked hydrogel-based drug delivery systems can deliver therapeutically beneficial drug release effects through controlled release on a temporal and spatial scale. Due to their tuneable physicochemical properties and the ability to prevent drug degradation, these systems facilitate different physicochemical interactions that control drug release. This research aims to synthesize a potent pH-sensitive crosslinked chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogel using different ratios of both the polymers and varying the glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent amount by the solution casting technique for controlled amoxicillin-release properties to mitigate gastrointestinal tract bacterial infection. The effect of polymer ratios and glutaraldehyde amount is investigated by the developing porosity, gel fraction, and extent of swelling in simulated physiological fluids of pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4 and in vitro biodegradation at pH 7.4. Interaction between the polymers with the formation of crosslinked structures, good stability, amorphous phase nature, and honeycomb-like structures of the hydrogels is revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Based on these properties, a chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogel (ratio of 60:40) crosslinked with 600 μL glutaraldehyde in 8 g of the polymers displaying adequate swelling in acidic to basic pH and in vitro biodegradation at pH 7.4 is chosen for the in situ loading of 200 mg of the drug amoxicillin. The cumulative drug release in simulated physiological fluids and the drug release kinetics using different models show that the best-fit Korsmeyer-Peppas model suggests amoxicillin release from the matrix follows diffusion and swelling-controlled time-dependent non-Fickian transport related to hydrogel erosion. This composition displays excellent antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli.

Fabrication of honeycomb-like amorphous carbon-encapsulated Si nanoparticles/graphene composite for superior lithium storage

Silicon (Si) anodes have great potential for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, poor electrical conductivity, high cost and huge volume change during the (de)lithiation processes of silicon anodes hinder the practical application. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and scalable approach to fabricate a porous honeycomb-like amorphous carbon-encapsulated Si nanoparticles/graphene composite via a sol-gel & CO2-introduced magnesiothermic reduction method. The greenhouse gas CO2 is efficiently transformed into carbon layers. Interconnected carbon network consisting of graphene sheets and amorphous carbon layers not only significantly improves the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the Si-based composites, but also provides the strong interaction between Si and carbon materials. Besides, both unique honeycomb-like porous structure and interconnected carbon network can butter large volume effects of Si nanoparticles. The as-prepared amorphous carbon-encapsulated Si/graphene anode with the carbon content of 8 wt% has excellent rate performance and outstanding cycling stability, delivering a high discharge capacity of 908 mAh g−1 with 65.9 % of capacity retention at 0.5 A g−1 after 200 cycles. Thus, such honeycomb-like amorphous carbon-encapsulated Si nanoparticles/graphene composite anode is highly promising for practical next-generation LIBs.

Anisotropic high-strength polyimide-based electromagnetic interference shielding foam based on cation-π interaction

Effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding plays a vital role in numerous applications by mitigating the detrimental impacts of electromagnetic waves. In this study, we developed a novel anisotropic MXene@PI hybrid foam for efficient EMI shielding using a synergistic approach involving directional freezing, freeze-drying, thermal imidization, and a subsequent dip-coating step. The cation-π interaction was harnessed to create a crosslinked structure for enhancing the mechanical properties of the polyimide (PI) foam and also to improve the interfacial interaction between MXene and the inner wall of the foam. The foam exhibited a tubular structure in a vertical frozen direction while adopting a honeycomb-like structure in a parallel freezing direction. The anisotropic MXene@PI-5 hybrid foam demonstrated remarkable EMI shielding effectiveness of up to 62.7 dB in the vertical freezing direction, 158.02 % higher than that observed in the parallel direction, and 109.70 % higher than that in the isotropic foam with the same loading of MXene. This anisotropic MXene@PI hybrid foam offers great potential for applications requiring efficient EMI shielding, such as aerospace, electronics, telecommunications, etc. The unique combination of the cation-π interaction and anisotropic structure provides enhanced EMI shielding properties, making it a promising candidate for future EMI shielding materials.

Flexible asymmetric supercapacitor based on Hyphaene fruit shell-derived multi-heteroatom doped carbon and NiMoO4@NiCo2O4 hybrid structure electrodes

In accordance with ecological strategies for the production of renewable energy storage systems, herein, starting from the Hyphaene fruit shell (HFS) as a new carbon precursor, multi-heteroatom (O, N, S, P, and Si) self-doped porous carbon was successfully synthesized through carbonization and chemical activation (KOH) processes. The obtained honeycomb-like carbon structure (HFSC2) as negative electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with high cycling stability and high specific capacitance of 337 F g−1 in 3 M KOH electrolyte solution. Meanwhile, the NiMoO4@NiCo2O4 hybrid nanostructure as a positive electrode was prepared through a simple two-step hydrothermal method followed by the annealing process. The NiMoO4/NiCo2O4 on Ni foam exhibits a very high specific capacitance of 1582 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability of 82% after 3000 cycles. Further, for the practical application, the synthesized asymmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor offered high specific capacitance of 63.38 F g−1 (360.26 mF cm−2), a high energy density of 28.5 Wh kg−1 and a high-power density of 3800 W kg−1 at 14.8 Wh kg−1 within a voltage window of 0–1.8 V. These prominent electrochemical performances suggest that Hyphaene fruit shell-derived multi-heteroatom carbon and NiMoO4@NiCo2O4 hybrid electrodes have considerable applications in the field of energy storage technologies.

High efficiency and selective separation of oily wastewater based on superamphiphilic biomass aerogel: Characteristics, mechanisms and application

The design and development of multifunctional materials to meet the sophisticated requirements of oily wastewater treatment is an urgent need and remains a great challenge. Herein, a superamphiphilic bio-aerogel (PTGA) with honeycomb-like porous structure was synthesized. The directional and reversible control of interfacial wettability can be achieved by simple pre-wetting process and solvent replacement method. Combined with the advantages of structure and wettability, PTGA was proved to be ideal for high-efficient oil-water mixture separation (J> 1500 L/m2·h, η > 99.8%), oils absorption (Cabs = 17–26 g/g) and dye selective removal (MO: 73.552 mg/g, MB: 45.876 mg/g). Furthermore, based on the newly developed dynamic separation device and excellent mechanical property of PTGA, enhanced separation of oil-water mixture (J = 3007 L/m2·h) and synergistic removal of co-existing pollutants (MB: 51.274 mg/g) were realized. Mechanism results indicated that the transition of interfacial wetting properties of PTGA was a multi-stage process, while oil/water separation and dye adsorption were two independent processes. Benefit from facile synthesis and unparalleled characteristics, the designed PTGA promise to be reliable and competitive candidates in wastewater remediation.

Sodium polyacrylate-based porous carbon fabricated by one-step carbonization and its outstanding electrochemical properties in supercapacitor

A sodium polyacrylate-based porous carbon was fabricated by direct carbonization without additional activator and template. The by-products of Na2CO3 and CO formed in pyrolysis process of precursor served as self-template, self-activation agent, and pore-forming agent. The effects of carbonization temperature and atmosphere type on the structure and electrochemical performance for the resulted porous carbon were investigated. The optimized sodium polyacrylate-based porous carbon (PC-600) synthesized at 600 °C under argon (Ar) atmosphere exhibits exceptional capacitance characteristics, a unique honeycomb-like structure, a large surface area of 1100 m2 g−1 and a moderate oxygen content of 7.8 %. PC-600 was identified as an advanced electrode material for supercapacitor assembly. In a three-electrode system with 6 M KOH electrolyte, PC-600 suggests a specific capacitance of 270 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a retention rate of 79 % at 20 A g−1. The symmetrical supercapacitor assembled using PC-600 shows a capacitance of 197 F g−1 and an energy density of 6.7 Wh kg−1 along with a 255.0 W kg−1 power density at 1 A g−1 in 6 M KOH, a 95 % capacity retention undergoing 10,000 cycles at 2 A g−1, and an approximate 100 % coulomb efficiency. Moreover, in 1 M Li2SO4 electrolyte, the PC-600 based supercapacitor delivers a 19.0 Wh kg−1 energy density along with a 489.0 W kg−1 power density, and still deserves 9.0 Wh kg−1 even at 1.8 KW kg−1. This study demonstrates that the porous carbon derived from sodium polyacrylate exhibits an outstanding electrochemical performance while providing practical value-added exploitation ideas for polymer use in electrochemical energy storage fields.

Tunable honeycomb-hierarchical multiscale structures of 2D/3D porous PLA/CCN composite films fabricated by the breath figure method

Highly ordered porous structures of PLA composite films can be designed with the addition of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CCN) in polymeric film formation using the breath figure (BF) technique at controlled humidity. Both 2D and 3D monodispersed honeycomb-like porous structures of the PLA composite films are achieved by the adding CCN at the concentration of up to 1.00 phr, whereas hierarchically multiscale porous structures of the PLA/CCN films are obtained when the CCN concentration in the composites increases to more than 1.00 phr. These structures can be fabricated due to three mechanisms: water absorption and condensation, nano-Pickering emulsion, and capillary flow by self-assembly of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the nano effects of CCN on polymeric film fabrication are maximized by increasing the relative humidity to 90%, resulting in the formation of porous multilayers up to 95–120 μm in thickness. The application of the prepared porous composite films of PLA/CCN in the food and medical industries was illustrated. A model colorimetric sensor is made from PLA/CCN composite films enriched with bromothymol blue. The color of the films quickly changes from yellow to blue within 10 min after coming into contact with histamine, a representative gas generated from spoiled food.

A Mini-review Based on Multivesicular Liposomes: Composition, Design, Preparation, Characteristics, and Therapeutic Importance as DEPOFOAM® Technology.

Vesicular delivery systems are a kind of drug delivery system that is gaining popularity due to its sustained release nature. This article was designed to understand the characteristics of a drug carrier called multivesicular liposomes, which have the potential to be the future of sustainedrelease drug delivery systems. Multivesicular liposomes have a honeycomb-like structure made up of non-concentric aqueous polyhedral compartments separated by continuous lipid membranes. Because of their unusual structure, they can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic pharmaceuticals and release them in a prolonged and controlled manner. They also have high encapsulation efficiency, bioavailability, biocompatibility, and stability, and are biodegradable by nature, making them suitable for treating chronic disorders. Encapsulating drugs into multivesicular liposomes is called DepoFoam® technology, which has the capability to release them in a timely manner, lowering the drug administration frequency. As a result, the FDA has approved several various approaches for this technology to treat chronic conditions. Multivesicular liposomes in the form of DepoFoam® technology hold a promising future as a novel drug delivery system. Much research needs to be done to extend their use across various aspects of the therapeutic field.