Honest Significant Difference Research Articles

The comparison between different types of constructed wetlands for biochemical oxygen demand removal efficiency

This research shows efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs) to purify waste water in the case of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). CWs such as surface flow (SF), subsurface flow (SSF), and hybrid (HYB) systems have been compared to provide an analysis about which system has better performance for BOD removal efficiency. Data were collected from different scientific articles and from all over the world. Meta-analysis technique was employed to aggregate data from scientific sources, facilitating hypothesis testing, and comparisons between different types of CWs. All the systems of CWs show satisfactory removal efficiency. HYB systems are shown to be the most efficient. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied to analyze differences between respective CWs using R software. It shows that there is a statistically significant difference between different types of CWs. Post-hoc Tukey?s Honestly Significant Different (HSD) analysis demonstrates a statistically significant difference between SF and HYB systems in the case of BOD removal efficiency. Also, Post-hoc Tukey?s HSD shows statistically significant difference between SSF and SF CWs. On the other hand, Post-hoc Tukey?s HSD does not show statistically significant difference between HYB and SSF CWs. The significant reduction rates for BOD removal efficiency, demonstrates that CWs can be used to diminish this kind of pollution.

Examining the Mediating Effects of Attitude and Intention on the Influence of Spatial Knowledge and Regulation Consciousness on Proper Land Use Behavior

This research aims to determine the effect of adding Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) and watermelon albedo juice. on antioxidant activity, physical properties and organoleptic properties of watermelon albedo yogurt. This study uses Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the first factor was CMC concentration (0%, 0.2%) and the second factors was Watermelon albedo juice concentration (0%; 20% and 30%). with trplicate. Parameters to be observed include antioxidant activity, pH, viscosity, syneresis and sensory test (aroma, taste and texture). Observational data were tested by ANOVA at a 5% and continued using the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) at a significant level of 5 %. The best yogurt was the addition of 0.2% CMC and 30% watermelon albedo juice concentration which produces of antioxidant activity 29.67%, pH value 4, 21, syneresis 12.37% and viscosity 3759.33 cP. The sensory resulted in a slightly sweet taste and strong watermelon aroma preffered by the panelists.

NON-CIRCULATION HYDROPONIC LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L. var. Rincon) PRODUCTION USING COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE NUTRIENT SOLUTION

This study assessed the production performance of lettuce using different simple nutrient addition programs (Yamasaki, MasterBlend, SNAP, Nutrihydro and Hydroplus) compared to organic fertilizer (Biovoltin) with water as a negative control in a Kratky hydroponic system. The crop experiment was conducted at the Institute of Agriculture, Camiguin Polytechnic State College – Catarman Campus, Tangaro, Catarman, Camiguin from January 25, 2022 to March 10, 2022. The study was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design with seven (7) treatments and three (3) replications at eight plants per treatment. Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) was used to compare the significant differences between treatment means. Results showed a highly significant differences in the horticultural and root development characteristics, yield parameters, nutrient solution consumption and quality of nutrient solution, and sensory quality except for the survival rate, non-marketable head weight, and pH at 31 DAT. Our results showed that the use of SNAP solution could be used effectively to increase the overall production performance of lettuce. The use of Nutrihydro, Hydroplus, Yamasaki and Masterblend were also promising for its production performance. It can be concluded that the nutrient solution affects the production performance of lettuce in a hydroponic production system. However, the potential use of these various simple nutrient addition programs should be further tested for verification at different growing seasons to elicit substantial conclusions.

Impacts of selected Climate Smart Agricultural Practices on African Indigenous Vegetables in Kenyan drylands

Climate change has had significant impacts on the cultivation of African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) resulting in insufficient yields and food insecurity. African indigenous vegetables are important food crops used in combating malnutrition and food insecurity. The AIVs have the potential to provide nutrition and sustain smallholder farmers’ livelihoods. However, little is known about the impacts of Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices (CSAPs) on the yield levels in AIVs. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the impacts of selected CSAPs on the yield levels in cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata. L) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum. L) in Kenyan drylands. Six treatments consisting of organic manure, commercial organic fertilizers, irrigation, mulching, inorganic fertilizers and controls were used. Research plots measuring 3m by 3m were set out in a randomized complete block design and sowed with certified cowpeas seeds and well-established black nightshade seedlings. Treatments were applied at land preparation and at 7 days after crop germination. Data was collected on plant height at vegetative stage and the overall primary yield at crop maturity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on the quantitative data collected and analyzed using Genstat software. Post hoc analysis was carried out for significant means using Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at p≤0.05. The results revealed significant differences in both the plant height and primary yield across all treatments (p≤0.05). The AIV yield levels were significantly influenced by the CSAPs products used. Plots treated with organic manure, mulching and commercial organic fertilizers had significantly higher yields. Control plots had the least amount of yields. Key words: ANOVA, Climate change, food security, malnutrition and soil degradation.

Effects of Magnesium Sulphate, Dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine on Perioperative Haemodynamic and Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgeries: A Randomised Clinical Study

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgeries currently represent the mainstay of surgical modalities. Pneumoperitoneum imposes significant intraoperative haemodynamic alterations, which are more pronounced in elderly patients and those with co-morbid conditions. Inadequate pain relief in the perioperative period may result in various physiological and psychological traumas. Aim: To investigate the effects of magnesium sulphate, dexmedetomidine, and lignocaine on the haemodynamic responses and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgeries. Materials and Methods: This double-blinded, randomised clinical study was conducted in the general surgery operation theatre, Post-anaesthetic Care Unit (PACU), and the male and female surgery ward of RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from March 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022. The study involved 105 subjects assigned to Group-L, who received an injection of lignocaine as a loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg intravenously over 2-4 minutes before induction, followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/hour throughout the surgery. Group-M received a loading dose of MgSO4 at 30 mg/ kg over 15 minutes before induction, followed by 15 mg/kg/hour throughout the surgery, and Group-D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine at 1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes before induction, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 mcg/kg/min throughout the surgery. Data on Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), and the total dose of rescue analgesic administered in the postoperative 24 hours were recorded and analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test, as well as the Chi-square test where applicable. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The groups were comparable in terms of demographic variables and baseline haemodynamic status. The average age in Group-D was 39.13±9.48 years, in Group-M was 37.30±8.14 years, and in Group-L was 36.5±7.2 years (p=0.26). Group-D had 60% males, Group-M had 57% males, and Group-L had 60% males. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of Group-D was 25.9±2.03 (kg/m2 ), Group-L (Lignocaine) was 24.7±2.7, and Group-M (Magnesium Sulphate) was 23.8±3.2. Dexmedetomidine was found to be superior in maintaining haemodynamic stability throughout the perioperative period (Preinduction HR: Group-D=79.43, Group-L=79.06, Group-M=82.09; Postinduction HR: Group-D=86.49, Group-M=65.91, GroupL=72.69). There was a significant decrease in postintubation MAP, most pronounced in the Magnesium Sulphate and Dexmedetomidine groups. Post-pneumoperitoneum, the surge in MAP was most effectively prevented by Dexmedetomidine. The lowest amount of rescue analgesic (injection Diclofenac in mg) was used in the Dexmedetomidine group (55.86±5.05), followed by the Lignocaine group (126.43±17.69). Patients in the Magnesium group required the highest amount of rescue analgesic (156.43±7.91). The number of patients receiving rescue analgesia was significantly higher in the Lignocaine and Magnesium Sulphate groups (Group-D: 6.5±3.14565, Group-L: 14.75±7.36, Group-M: 18.25±8.057). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was more effective in maintaining haemodynamic stability throughout the perioperative period and exhibited superior postoperative analgesic properties. Magnesium Sulphate and lignocaine were more effective in preventing postintubation surges.

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Pomegranate Peel Extract: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Pomegranate fruit contains biologically active compounds that provide anti-inflammatory properties. Byproducts of pomegranate and punicalagins inhibit the growth of pathogens while enhancing the growth of beneficial bacteria. The beneficial effects of phenolic compounds are exhibited in scavenging free radicals. Aim: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of Pomegranate Peel Extract (PPE). Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was designed and carried out at the Nanobiomedicine Laboratort, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from June 2021 to August 2021. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the Egg Albumin Denaturation assay (EA) and Bovine Serum Albumin Denaturation assay (BSA). The measurement of antioxidant activity was conducted using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging (H2O2) assay, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. The microorganisms used to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of PPE were S. mutans, S.aureus, E.faecalis, and C.albicans. Results were analysed using independent t-tests, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). Results: Anti-inflammatory activity was observed with high concentrations of 40 and 50 µL in EA (70.06%±0.15, 78.08%±0.21) and BSA (75.50%±3.90, 80.82%±3.38) assays. Pronounced antioxidant activity of PPE was seen with higher concentrations of 40 and 50 µL in DPPH (88.17%±0.69, 92.50%±1.23), H2O2 (78.22%±0.94, 88.99%±1.03), and FRAP (78.43%±1.25, 88.49%±0.67) assays. The antimicrobial activity was highest at 100 µL for S.mutans (38±2.62 mm), S.aureus (36±3.16 mm), E.faecalis (21±1.48 mm), and C.albicans (23±2.36 mm). Conclusion: The study concluded that PPE has antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and these properties are concentration-dependent.

Evaluation of Surface Roughness in Clear Silicon Fabricated Using Three Different Techniques: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Anterior composite restorations present many aesthetic challenges for clinicians. Direct veneers provide chairside advantages such as evaluating tooth anatomy, shade selection, and correcting tooth morphology according to the patient’s desire. In today’s world, the use of digitalisation and 3D-printed models has grown. However, limitations of these are unknown and a research gap exists, with surface roughness being a major issue. Aim: To evaluate the surface roughness of clear silicon templates fabricated over 3D-printed models, blue inlay wax and dental stone. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study utilised both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study was conducted at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manubhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. The study was completed over three months. A total of 36 surfaces of clear silicone template (Exaclear) were obtained from two blocks each of 3D-printed model, blue inlay wax, and dental stone, measuring 30×10×10 mm. These blocks were divided into six units of 10×5 mm (N=36) and were divided into three groups: 1) 3D-printed model; 2) Blue inlay wax; 3) Dental stone. Surface roughness was evaluated using a surface roughness tester and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Quantitative analysis of surface roughness was done using the surface roughness tester, and qualitative analysis was done using SEM. Statistical analysis was done using the posthoc Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test and statistical software SPSS Version 20.0. Results: The quantitative analysis showed the highest Roughness average (Ra) value mean±Standard Deviation (SD) for Group 1 (11.97±4.43 μm), followed by Group 3 (2.42±1.07 μm) and Group 2 (0.63±0.86 μm). SEM showed the presence of voids only in Group 1. Conclusion: Surface roughness of clear silicon template fabricated on wax surface is less as compared to templates fabricated on 3-D printed models.

Biocontrol Potential of Rhizosphere Fungi Against Pyricularia Oryzae in Ciherang Rice Variety

Blast disease is an important disease of rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The use of antagonistic fungi from the rhizosphere of rice plants has the potential to control plant pathogens. One of them is from the genus Aspergillus. This research aims to test the ability of Aspergillus genus fungi in suppressing the intensity of P. oryzae attack on ciherang rice varieties. The research methods were isolation and identification of rhizosphere fungi, propagation of P. oryzae, antagonistic test of rhizosphere fungi against P. oryzae in vivo, and reisolation of fungi from rice plant tissues. This research used a completely randomised design (CRD) consisting of 9 treatments and 3 replications. Data obtained from this research were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honest significant difference test at the 5% level The results showed that Aspergillus sp1 and Aspergillus sp2 fungi could significantly reduce the intensity of blast disease attack caused by P. oryzae isolates from Moncongloe and Simbang regions..

Impact of storage conditions on the instrumental colour of buckwheat products for meat industry applications

Buckwheat is one of the functional pseudocereals rich in antioxidants, nutrients, bioactive compounds, and phytochemicals. Colour represents one of the most important sensory parameters in the quality assessment of the meat products. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effect of 9-month artificial aging storage at 40 ? 2?C on the change in instrumental colour of buckwheat products used in the meat industry. In the CIE L*a*b* system, L*, a*, and b* coordinates are used to specify the data of instrumental colour properties. The results were statistically processed by two-way ANOVA (P<0.001) and Tukey?s Honestly Significant Difference post-hoc tests (P<0.05). Storage and product type (and their interaction) factors significantly influenced instrumental colour. During storage, significant differences were observed between the time points (0, 3, 6, and 9 months) in flour, with trends of decreasing lightness (L*) and increasing red (a*) and yellow (b*) colour intensity values. Regarding product type, significantly higher L* values were observed in flour, while a* values were higher in grains. Except for the 3rd month, b* values did not show significant differences. The insights gained in this study may indicate the further application of stored buckwheat flour and grains in obtaining technologically justified and colour-sensory acceptable meat end-products for consumers.

Effect of Surface Treatments with Plasma and Chemical Bond on Shear Bond Strength of Acrylic Denture Teeth to Flexible and Heat-Cured Denture Base Material: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength of acrylic denture teeth to flexible and heat-cured denture base material after surface treatments with argon plasma, chemical bonding agent (PALFIQUE universal), and combination. Methods: A total of 80 incisor acrylic denture teeth were treated with a argonplasma, chemical bond (PALFIQUE universal bond), and a combination with 10 samples for each group. The neck (gingival portion) of teeth was cut at a 45° angle, and the teeth were attached to heat-cured acrylic resin and flexible denture base material. All the specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 7 days in an incubator (37 °C). A shear bond strength test was conducted using an Instron universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey’s honest significant difference post hoc test using R 4.2.3. Results: A statistically significant difference was found among study groups regarding the type of base, surface treatment with bond, plasma, and combination of bond and plasma (P < 0.00). The Tukey’s test showed that in a heat-cured base, the difference between the control and surface treatment with bond was not significant (P > 0.05). Also, in the flexible base group, the difference between the control and surface treatment with plasma was not significant (P = 0.162). Conclusion: In heat-cured denture-base group, the shear bond strength increased significantly with the combination of surface treatment with argon plasma and a chemical bonding agent (PALFIQUE universal). In the flexible denture-base group, the shear bond strength increased significantly with use of a surface treatment with a chemical bonding agent (PALFIQUE universal).

Shaping Ability of Different Rotary and Reciprocating File Systems in Simulated S-Shaped Root Canals.

This study aimed to examine the shaping ability of six rotary and reciprocating file systems, as well as hybrid techniques in simulated S-shaped root canals. A hundred and twenty S-shaped radiopaque thermosetting epoxy resin blocks were grouped according to the system used for biomechanical preparation. Six groups of 15 canals each were prepared using TruNatomy, Procodile, VDW Rotate, Hyflex CM, OneCurve, and WaveOne Gold, respectively. Two additional hybrid (Procodile/Hyflex CM and Procodile/TruNatomy) groups (n=15 each) were added after evaluating the results of individual systems. All canals were enlarged to 0.25 mm apically. Canal transportation, centering ability, diameter increase, and iatrogenic errors were assessed by superimposed pre-operative and post-operative images. AutoCAD was used for data analysis. All groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance and Tukey honest significant difference test (p<0.05). Hyflex CM resulted in the most conservative diameter increase in all thirds (coronal, middle, and apical; p<0.001). Procodile showed the best (p<0.001) centering ability in the coronal and middle thirds, while TruNatomy resulted in the least canal transportation and most centering preparation in the apical third (p<0.001). Hybridisation of Procodile and Hyflex CM produced the least canal transportation and best centering ability in the middle third (p<0.001). No instrument breakage occurred, and no ledge, elbow, or apical zip formation was observed during canal preparation. Hybridisation of Procodile and Hyflex CM showed remarkable results in preserving the canal diameter in all thirds and resulted in the least canal transportation and best centering ability in the middle third of the canal. However, when treatment cost and duration limit the clinical applicability of the hybrid technique, clinicians can use a single file system (Hyflex CM or TruNatomy) since it shows satisfactory results in all parameters when compared with a hybrid system.

Abundance of Xanthium spinosum L. along the different land types and its impacts on invaded plant communities in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

A biological invasion is a form of biological pollution that is most likely more terrible than chemical pollution. Xanthium spinosum is one of the most invasive alien plant species. However, its abundance and impacts on invaded plant communities have not yet thoroughly studied. This study aimed to investigate the abundance and impacts of X. spinosum on invaded plant communities in the North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. The study applied the quadrat method, sampling 80 main plots within 1 m2. Differences in mean cover-abundances of X. spinosum across various land types were compared using one-way-ANOVA followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test. The results showed that roadsides and flooded areas exhibited the maximum mean cover-abundance of X. spinosum compared to farmland and rangeland. The number of plant species recorded was 106 in the control areas, compared to only 73 in the invaded areas. Hence, the number of plant species decreased by 31.13% in the infested area compared to the control. Thus, X. spinosum was among the factors contributing to the reduction of plant diversity, affecting the sustainability of biodiversity in the study areas. Therefore, implementing management measures against the spread of X. spinosum is to address the ongoing threat to biodiversity.

Measuring the Amount of Apically Extruded Debris of Endosequence ESR, R-Motion, F6 SkyTaper and Endosequence CM Files in Curved Canals: An in Vitro Study

Aim of the study: Assessing the relationship between Endosequence ESR, R-motion, F6 sky taper and Endosequence CM files use in curved canals and the quantity of apically extruded debris. Materials and methods: 60 curved mesial roots of lower molars with 20-30 degree curvature were selected for this study, The samples were then divided randomly into four groups (n = 15)-Group I: EndoSequence ESR, Group II: R-motion (RM), Group III: F6 SkyTaper and Group IV: EndoSequence CM. This research followed the protocol devised by Myers and Montgomery, wherein debris were collected in vials and weighed before and after instrumentation using a 0.00001-sensitive balance. The instrumentation of all groups was terminated at master apical file #25. Irrigation with 10 ml of deionized water was administered using a needle with a side vent. The collected debris weight was calculated by deducting each vial's pre-instrumentation weight from its post-instrumentation weight. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the honestly significant difference (HSD) tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the variation in debris levels across the groups under investigation, using a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results revealed that all tested groups had produced apical debris in different amounts. Conclusions: Under the purview of the present investigation, apical debris was produced in all tested groups. The EndoSequence CM produced less amount of debris than other tested groups. While the RM and F6 SkyTaper produced a comparable amount of apical debris. The EndoSequence ESR produced the most amount of apical debris.

Comparative Assessment of Crop Water Productivity of Drip Irrigated Green Pepper under Poly-House and Open-Field Conditions

Crop water productivity (CWP) is a crucial factor in determining the sustainability of agricultural practices. Drip irrigation is a method that has shown potential in improving CWP in crop production. The study aimed to compare the crop water productivity of green pepper production under poly-house and open-field environments during 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 growing seasons. The experiment was conducted during the dry seasons of 2020.2021 and 2021/2022 at the Teaching and Research Field of Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The beds were prepared, nursery was established, drip irrigation system was installed and fumigation was carried out before transplanting. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with nine replications in each environment. The same design was applied to both poly-house and open-field conditions. The factors are environment (poly-house and open-field) and irrigation intervals of 5, 6 and 7 days (I5, I6 and I7). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) was used for multiple comparison. Drip irrigation was applied to all plots at different irrigation intervals. The results showed that the crop water productivity under poly-house and open-field environments in 2020/2021 growing season were: I5: 29.67, I6: 36.97, I7: 20.92 and I5: 17.06, I6: 21.45, I7: 12.21 kg/m3. Similarly, in the 2021/2022 growing season, the CWP values were I5: 16.90, I6: 23.27, I7: 12.95 and I5: 9.60, I6: 14.01, I7: 6.81 kg/m3 under poly-house and open-field, respectively. The results revealed that water productivity was more efficient at low levels of water supply in the poly-house during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 growing seasons. The production of green pepper under poly-house increased water conservation, reduced nutrient leaching, enhanced crop productivity for sustainable agricultural practices and water management.

Effects of Different Chemical Disinfectants on Physical Properties of Denture Base Acrylic Resin Material

Statement of the problem: There is still a lack of data regarding the effects of exposure to different chemical disinfectants on the color stability, light translucency, and surface roughness of dentures is limited. Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of six different chemical disinfectants on the color change, translucency, and surface roughness properties of heat-polymerized denture base acrylic resin. Material &amp; Methods: Totally 70 rectangular blocks (10×10×2 mm) were polymerized from the heat-polymerized acrylic denture base resin material. The surfaces of the specimens polished with 600- and 1200-grit waterproof abrasive paper. Each specimen were immersed in six denture cleansers. The total immersion time of a specimen in selected chemical disinfectant was 36 hours. Color changes, translucency and, surface roughness were measured after immersion process. The results were statistically analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α=.05). Results: According to the results of the 1-way ANOVA test, significant differences were observed in the ∆E00, TP00 and Ra properties among the acrylic resin groups following immersion in chemical disinfectants (P&lt;0.05). ΔE00 value of the CG group was significantly higher than that of the NS, SH, G, and E groups (P&lt;0.05). The TP00 values of the NS and G groups were demonstrated significant differences compared with C group (P&lt;0.05). The Ra values of the SH, SP, G, CG and, E groups were significantly increased after immersion process, in comparison with C and NS groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Color stability, translucency and surface roughness of the denture base heat polymerized acrylic resin is influenced by chemical disinfectants.

Effect of adding garlic flour (Allium Sativum) and oregano leaves (Oreganum Vulare) on carcass quality and blood biochemistry in broiler

This research aims to determine the results of adding garlic flour (Allium sativum) and oregano leaves (Oreganum Vulare) to feed on carcass quality and blood biochemistry. This research consisted of 2 stages, the research material for stage 1 was a descriptive analysis of liver histopathological changes in embryonated chicken eggs (TAB). The research material for phase II was the 200 Day Old Chick (DOC) Ross unsex strain. Average body weight 38.485 ± 0.90 g. The research methods used were laboratory experiments and field experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments given were P0: Basal feed (control feed), P1: Basal feed plus 0.25% garlic flour, P2: Basal feed plus 0.5% garlic flour, P3: Basal feed plus 0.75% onion flour white, P4: Basal feed plus 1% garlic flour. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively. Statistics use analysis of variance (ANOVA) from a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) followed by an honest significant difference test (BNJ) or Tukey Test. The results of the research were that adding garlic flour to feed influenced the parameters used. The use of garlic flour in feed had a very significant effect (P&lt;0.01) on histopathological changes. The use of 1% garlic flour can provide the best results numerically and qualitatively.

Evaluation of organizational culture in enterprises in the Czech Republic using OCAI.

The goal of this work was to use the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) diagnostic method to find out the existing and preferred organizational culture in companies in the Czech Republic and then to evaluate their dependence on the size of the organizations. Data were collected in 2019-2021 and evaluated using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 24 statistical program, e.g., descriptive statistics tools, one-sample z-test, analysis of variance and post hoc test (Tukey's honest significant difference - HSD). The research was conducted on a sample of 962 companies across the entire republic and fields. The results of the study show that clan culture prevails in the Czech Republic, which was dominant in all six dimensions. Enterprises in the Czech Republic have a mix of organizational cultures in the following order: (1) clan culture (31.72%), (2) hierarchical culture (25.46%), (3) market culture (21.5%), and (4) adhocratic culture (21.28%). However, with regard to the desired cultural mix, this order changes as follows: (1) clan (35.3%), (2) hierarchical (22.91%), (3) adhocratic (22.63%), and (4) market culture (19.17%). Furthermore, it was found that a statistically significant difference was observed in the assessment of organizational culture depending on the size of the organization in the Czech Republic. A limitation of the research could be the unequal number of respondents in 2020 and 2021, which does not allow comparing differences in the time period. This work can serve as a comparative basis of organizational culture with another national culture.

Performance and feed digestibility of sentul chicken fed hydrolyzed maggot (Hermetia illucens) meal produced by crude enzymes from tempeh yeast

Maggot is the larva of the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) which has the potential as an alternative protein source for poultry. The study aimed to examine the supplementation of hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed maggot meals to increase the performance and feed digestibility of Sentul chicken feed. Crude enzymes produced from Tempeh yeast were used as inoculum starters. The research method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 3 replications, each replication consisted of five Sentul chickens of four weeks old. The treatments were R0 = basal feed (control), R1 = R0 + 2% non-hydrolyzed maggot, R2 = R0 + 4% non-hydrolyzed maggot, R3 = R0 + 6% non-hydrolyzed maggot, R4 = R0 + 2% hydrolyzed maggot, R5 = R0 + 4% hydrolyzed maggot, R6 = R0 + 6% hydrolyzed maggot. Variables observed were feed intake (FI), total weight (TW), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), crude protein digestibility (CPD), and crude fiber digestibility (CFD). The data were analyzed utilizing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significance difference (HSD) test was also conducted. The results demonstrated that the addition of maggot meal had a significant impact (P&lt;0.01) on the variables TW, WG, FCR, and CPD, and a moderately significant impact (P&lt;0.05) on FI and CFD. When supplemented with 4% and 6% non-hydrolyzed maggot meal, FI and CFD were raised. However, when supplemented with the same percentage of hydrolyzed maggot meal, there was a significant increase in WG and TW while also decreasing the FCR value. Incorporation of 4% hydrolyzed (R5) maggot meal optimized WG, TW and FCR values, and boosted the CPD coefficient from 82.16 ± 1.46 (R0) to 93.14 ± 0.15 and CFD from 60.01 ± 2.40 (R0) to 83.90 ± 0.40 (R6) at the 6% level. In conclusion, the supplementation of hydrolyzed maggot (Hermetia illucens) meal, with crude enzymes from Tempeh yeast, significantly enhanced the performance and feed digestibility of Sentul chicken diets. Supplementation of 4 and 6% gave relatively the same performance, but the best digestibility was found in addition of 6%. Key words: enzymes, digestibility, larvae, performance, sentul-chicken, tempeh, supplementation, hydrolysis

"Boot Sign" of Anterior Femoral Condylar Resectional Shape during Total Knee Arthroplasty Is More Frequent in Asian Patients.

There is lack of intraoperative consensus on the distal femur anterior resected surface shape that allows reliable rotational alignment assessment during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aimed to evaluate the ratio and prevalence of anterior femoral resection surface intraoperatively. The study included 234 osteoarthritis patients with varus knees and not valgus knees or deformities. After conventional medial parapatellar approach, measured resection technique based on the mechanical axis of the femur and preoperative TEA-PCA angle on CT with anterior reference was used among all the patients. The anteroposterior (AP) lengths after distal femoral resection were measured as the femoral lateral AP (FLAP) and femoral medial AP (FMAP) lengths. Based on the medial (MD) and lateral condyle (LD) vertical distance ratios of the femur anterior resected surface, the groups were classified into "boot sign", "grand-piano", and "butterfly sign" groups. For comparison of the mean values, the data were assessed for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test. One-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis using Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test was used to compare the mean values among the groups. The correlations between the MD/LD and variables were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Linear regression analyses were used to find the associated factors to the anterior femoral resection surface shape. Mean intraoperative femoral rotation and distal femoral cutting angles were 4.9° ± 1.2 and valgus 5.0° ± 0.7, respectively. Mean FLAP was 52.9 ± 4.2 mm. Mean MD/LD (0.61 ± 0.13) was lower than that of typical "grand-piano sign". The morphological shape incidence of the "boot sign" was 62.4%. In the "boot sign" group, the FLAP was found to be smaller than that in the other groups (52.4 ± 4.2 vs. 53.7 ± 4.2 vs. 54.9 ± 2.7; p = 0.02), while the intraoperative femoral rotation angle was found to be larger than in the other groups (5.0 ± 1.2 vs. 4.6 ± 1.1 vs. 4.7 ± 1.2; p = 0.039). The MD/LD-associated factors were FLAP, intraoperative femoral rotation, and distal femoral cutting angles (R2 = 0.268). The femur anterior resection surface shape in TKA was found in the "boot sign" rather than the "grand-piano sign" in Korean ethnics owing to an asymmetric morphology of femoral condyles. Ethnic differences, including distal femoral morphology, should be considered for assessment of the femoral rotation angle using the femur anterior resection surface shape.

Effects of Rubber Factory Wastewater Sludge Compost on the Growth Parameters of Rubber Seedlings: A Nursery Study and Environmental Perspective

Conducted at the University of Jambi's Teaching and Research Farm in Mendalo Indah Village, this three-month study from September to November 2022 utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single variable: rubber factory wastewater sludge compost application. Five treatment levels were tested: a0 = 25 g NPKMg dose, a1 = 100 g rubber factory wastewater sludge compost + 20 g NPKMg dose, a2 = 200 g rubber factory wastewater sludge compost + 15 g NPKMg dose, a3 = 300 g rubber factory wastewater sludge compost + 10 g NPKMg dose, and a4 = 400 g rubber factory wastewater sludge compost + 5 g NPKMg dose. Statistical analysis, employing ANOVA and the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test, determined treatment effects at a 5% significance level. The study assessed various rubber plant growth parameters, such as live seedling percentage, shoot emergence, budded shoot height, leaf count, stem diameter, root count, shoot and root dry weight. Notably, the application of 400 g of rubber factory wastewater sludge compost significantly influenced plant growth, specifically enhancing shoot emergence, stem diameter growth, and budded shoot height.