Homogeneity Analysis Research Articles

Investigation of polyvinylpyrrolidone-catechol-derived chitosan nanoconjugates allowed for kidney-targeted treatment of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and nursing care management.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) resulting from cisplatin (Cs) chemotherapy presents a significant challenge in clinical management. The study aimed to fabricate a novel compound Polyvinylpyrrolidone-catechol-derived chitosan nanoconjugates (PCChi-NC) for targeting Cs-induced AKI. Characterization studies utilizing UV-visible spectrophotometry, FT-IR, XRD, and TEM revealed a spherical morphology with diameters ranging from 20 to 60nm. In vitro assessments utilizing HEK 293 cell lines demonstrated the biocompatibility of PCChi-NC without eliciting toxic effects. Furthermore, PCChi-NC exhibited a notable reduction in Cs-induced cell death in kidney cells, as evidenced by biomarker analysis. Anti-inflammatory analysis of mouse kidney homogenates revealed a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β levels, indicative of the therapeutic efficacy of PCChi-NC in mitigating Cs-induced kidney inflammation. Moreover, In vivo, experimental analysis was evidenced by stable body weight and histopathological changes in mice. Our findings highlight the potential of PCChi-NC as a promising candidate for targeted therapy in Cs-induced AKI, owing to its unique renal targeting capacity.

Multiphoton Microscopy Assessment of Healing From Tendon Laceration and Microthermal Coagula in a Rat Model.

To study the healing response of rat Achilles tendon when lacerated or treated with intense therapeutic ultrasound (ITU) via utilization of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging and histology. The right Achilles tendon of each Sprague Dawley rat within a cohort was partially lacerated. 1 to 2 days post-surgery, each rat received ITU treatment of the Achilles tendon on either the right or left leg. Rats were euthanized in groups at 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days posttreatment and their tendons were explanted, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and placed on slides for imaging. Slides from each time point were imaged using a laboratory built MPM with a 780 nm Ti:Sapphire laser. The resulting second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) signals were captured, assessed, and compared to brightfield microscopy images of the same section subsequently stained with hematoxylin and eosin. At early timepoints, 2PEF images show the presence of red blood cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells and formation of a fibrin clot at laceration sites, and attraction of fibroblasts to ITU coagula. SHG images indicate an absence of organized collagen in both types of lesions. At later timepoints, new organized collagen can be seen at the laceration sites, and the concentration of inflammatory cells has noticeably decreased. Automated detection of red blood cells and infiltrative cells, as well as analysis of SHG signal intensity and homogeneity was performed at laceration locations. Results show that all quantities except SHG signal intensity approach normal values by day 28. Thus, combined analysis of 2PEF and SHG images elucidates tendon healing processes that align with and complement histological findings. These results indicate that multiphoton imaging can effectively visualize the healing response to mechanical (laceration) and thermal (ITU) injury, including the organization of new collagen which is more difficult to visualize with histology.

Experimental Investigation of Temperature Homogeneity and Peak Temperature in a Battery Pack of Cylindrical Li-ion Cells Under Free and Forced Convection

Electrical vehicles (EVs) are emerging as a suitable replacement for conventional IC engine-based automobiles because of their environmental friendliness. An EV is powered by a rechargeable battery pack usually made of Lithium-ion batteries and these batteries generate heat during their operation cycle due to exothermic reactions and ohmic effect. Thermal management of batteries is important for their safe operation and optimum lifespan. In this paper, a comparative analysis of temperature homogeneity, peak temperature and average temperature of battery pack is presented between free and forced convection-based Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS). Cells that are at higher temperature than average temperature of battery pack are more liable to fail earlier as compared to other cells of pack. Present research focuses on finding such critical cells in a battery pack consisting of twelve lithium-ion batteries. The battery pack is discharged at three different rates: 1C, 2C and 3C, and temperature of each cell is measured at regular intervals during the discharge process. The experimental results from present study revealed that free convection is better at maintaining temperature homogeneity, but peak temperatures were above 50 ̊C. Forced convection based BTMS was able to keep peak temperatures below 50˚C at 1C discharge rate but temperature homogeneity was not maintained within ideal limits of 5˚C. At higher discharge rates, the performance of both free convection and forced convection based BTMS is not within acceptable limits. Critical cells were identified to get better insight into limitations of conventional cooling systems so that better layout of battery module and better alternative methods of battery pack cooling can be developed.

The Effectiveness of the Talking Stick Game in Enhancing Students' Ability to Recall Linguistic Conjugations

Linguistic conjugation is an essential part of the science of morphology, it's crucial for understanding Arabic texts. However, students often face difficulties in memorizing linguistic conjugations. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of talking stick game on students' ability to remember linguistic conjugation. This research used quantitative approach with quasi experimental method. This study was conducted at MAN 3 Banda Aceh with the subjects amounted to 50 students, consisting of 25 IS class students as the experimental class and 25 IPA class students as the control class. The data were collected through validated tests and analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and t-test analyses. The results showed a significant improvement in the post-test scores of the experimental group (M = 92, SD = 7.77) compared to the control group (M = 64, SD = 14.64). The t-test analysis revealed a significant effect (Sig. 2-tailed = 0.000 0.05). Thus, the implication of this study is that talking stick game as an interactive method can be applied in learning Arabic language especially on linguistic conjugation material or other materials that require strong memory and deep understanding of the material.

Assessing the Rheological Behavior of Bio-Asphalt Binder with Integrating Biowaste-Derived Activated Carbon

Abstract Current endeavors are being made to develop substitute asphalt binders using different biomass sources for upcoming flexible pavement construction, propelled by sustainability and the escalating expenses of traditional petroleum-centered asphalt. The primary objective of this research is to explore the feasibility of employing activated carbon (ATC) produced from biowaste, specifically walnut shells and sawdust, as a modification for petroleum-based virgin asphalt binders through chemical, physical, and rheological assessments. A comprehensive array of evaluations was carried out, encompassing examinations of homogeneity, physical characteristics, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, and Oxygen (CHNSO) analysis, proximate analysis, infrared spectroscopy, multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR), rheological attributes, and temperature sweep. The CHNSO analysis provided the elemental composition and helped develop molecular formulas for ATC. The results show that binders modified with ATC exhibited a heightening carbon content proportionate to the AC ratio, analyzed at 5%, 10%, and 15%. Temperature sweep tests revealed that adding AC significantly increased binder stiffness in accordance with the complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ). This increased rigidity from the ATC modification declines the temperature susceptibility of the modified binders.

Homogeneity analysis of medicine tablets by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods

Pharmaceutical tablets need to have a homogenous chemical structure, especially in cases where the patient may divide the tablet in half prior to consumption. This work aims to demonstrate the viability of using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for analyzing the homogeneity and determining the chemical composition of losartan potassium tablets. This was accomplished by obtaining the spectra of 10 tablet points in 30 successive laser pulses, which revealed four main peaks (C, H, N, and O) as well as a high concentration of calcium and potassium in the core tablets and titanium in the coating—all of which are excellent analytical objectives for LIBS. It is possible to say that the generated plasma meets the minimum requirement for local thermodynamic equilibrium because the physical parameters of the plasma, including temperature (T) and electronic density (Ne), were calculated throughout the Boltzmann plot and Stark broadened line, respectively, and the McWhirter criterion was met. In addition, T and Ne changes have been used for homogeneity analysis. Different peak comparisons cannot provide us with further data because the major structural components are similar, making it challenging to differentiate between them. So relative standard deviation (RSD) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to comprise the whole spectra, which showed that the homogeneity of the tablet’s core is better than that of the coating and is acceptable.

Preparation and Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Chitosan/Alginate Nanohybrid Mucoadhesive Hydrogel Beads: An Effective Approach to a Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System.

Despite extensive research over the decades, cancer therapy is still a great challenge because of the non-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, which could be overcome by limiting the distribution of chemotherapeutic agents toward cancer cells. To reduce the cytolytic effects against cancer cells, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) can load anticancer medicines and genetic tools. During the current study, folic-acid-conjugated graphene oxide (Fa-GO) hybrid mucoadhesive chitosan (CS)-based hydrogel beads were fabricated through an "ion-gelation process", which allows for regulated medication release at malignant pH. The fabricated chitosan-alginate (SA-CS) hydrogel beads were examined using surface morphology, optical microscopy, XRD, FTIR, and homogeneity analysis techniques. The size analysis indicated that the size of the Fa-GO was up to 554.2 ± 95.14 nm, whereas the beads were of a micrometer size. The folic acid conjugation was confirmed by NMR. The results showed that the craggy edges of the graphene oxide were successfully encapsulated in a polymeric matrix. The mucoadhesive properties were enhanced with the increase in the CS concentration. The nanohybrid SA-CS beads exhibited good swelling properties, and the drug release was 68.29% at pH 5.6 during a 24 h investigation. The accelerated stability study, according to ICH guidelines, indicated that the hydrogel beads have a shelf-life of more than two years. Based on the achieved results, it can be concluded that this novel gastro-retentive delivery system may be a viable and different way to improve the stomach retention of anticancer agents and enhance their therapeutic effectiveness.

Diagnostics and Prognostics with High Dimensional Spatial-Temporal Data: From Structures to Human Brains

Diagnostics and prognostics with high-dimensional spatial-temporal data require innovative methodologies due to the inherent complexity of such datasets. This thesis explores the challenges of diagnostics and prognostics in high-dimensional spatial-temporal data, extending from physical structures to complex human brain analyses through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Drawing an analogy to engineering structural health monitoring using spatial-temporal vibration data, the approach leverages techniques from engineering diagnostics and prognostics data analytics to handle clinical problems with similar characteristics. A pioneering approach is developed to analyze multimodal datasets that not only include advanced rs-fMRI features—Amplitude of Low-frequency Fluctuations (ALFF), Regional Homogeneity (ReHo), Euler Characteristics (EC), and Fractal Analysis—but also encompass a wide array of clinical data. This integration includes infant developmental metrics such as birth weight and gestational age, maternal health factors like BMI and fat mass, and environmental influences including dietary intake and mental health during pregnancy. The study establishes a robust computational framework that uses advanced machine learning algorithms to analyze the interplay of these diverse data types, enhancing the precision and predictive power of our models for early childhood development. Initial validations have demonstrated the effectiveness of this comprehensive approach in identifying ADHD, with ongoing efforts aimed at expanding the methodology to address a broader range of developmental disorders. This work not only advances the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities in medical imaging but also significantly contributes to the field of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). By providing a solid foundation for managing and understanding high-dimensional and multimodal spatial-temporal data across various disciplines, it bridges the gap between engineering and clinical diagnostics, demonstrating the potential for cross-disciplinary innovation.

The impact of protocol designs for using massage guns on lower body flexibility: A randomised cross-over design study

IntroductionCurrent protocols for delivering percussive therapy (PT) using massage guns are heterogeneous creating a need to establish the impact of study design on physiological measures. This cross-over design study aimed to determine the most effective protocol, among the eight protocols examined, on lower body flexibility, and to support the provision of protocol validation for future research. MethodRecreationally active healthy adults (n = 35) undertook two main protocols; three sessions per week at 2100 rpm or increasing the speed from session-to-session: 1750 to 2100–2400 rpm. PT was applied for 60 s to each of the quadriceps, gluteals, hamstrings and calves of both legs. Paired-samples t-tests assessed pre- and post-intervention data for hip flexion and ankle dorsi-flexion range of motion (ROM). These were collected in all sessions using a digital goniometer allowing changes for eight different protocols to be examined. ResultsResults showed the most effective protocol, among the eight protocols examined, for achieving significant gains in lower body flexibility is applying massage gun PT three times a week with increased speeds across sessions (1750–2100–2400 rpm), with average increases for the combined dominant and non-dominant legs of 5.8% for hip flexion and 5.6% ankle dorsiflexion. ConclusionsPractitioners and the public using this protocol could target specific improvements in hip flexion and ankle dorsi-flexion ROM and researchers may wish to adopt this protocol to allow homogenous analysis across study populations in future research.

Detecting, Interpreting and Modifying the Heterogeneous Causal Network in Multi‐Source Event Sequences

AbstractUncovering causal relations from event sequences to guide decision‐making has become an essential task across various domains. Unfortunately, this task remains a challenge because real‐world event sequences are usually collected from multiple sources. Most existing works are specifically designed for homogeneous causal analysis between events from a single source, without considering cross‐source causality. In this work, we propose a heterogeneous causal analysis algorithm to detect the heterogeneous causal network between high‐level events in multi‐source event sequences while preserving the causal semantic relationships between diverse data sources. Additionally, the flexibility of our algorithm allows to incorporate high‐level event similarity into learning model and provides a fuzzy modification mechanism. Based on the algorithm, we further propose a visual analytics framework that supports interpreting the causal network at three granularities and offers a multi‐granularity modification mechanism to incorporate user feedback efficiently. We evaluate the accuracy of our algorithm through an experimental study, illustrate the usefulness of our system through a case study, and demonstrate the efficiency of our modification mechanisms through a user study.

Estudio comparativo del tratamiento quirúrgico de la miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva en función del empleo o no de un modelo 3D. Experiencia de nuestro centro

Introduction and aimSurgical treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy faces challenges related to the extend and depth of septal resection. Three-dimensional printing presents itself as a useful tool in surgical planning, providing a visual and tangible representation of the surgical field. This study aims to compare surgical outcomes in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, depending on whether or not a 3D model was used. MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed in 55 patients with surgical indication for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy between May 2017 and May 2022 at Cruces University Hospital (Spain). A homogeneity analysis was performed between groups, followed by a comparative analysis to assess surgical success according to improvement in functional class, presence of complications associated with septal myectomy, reduction in interventricular gradient and mortality. ResultsA 3D model was used as a complementary tool in 18 patients. Functional class improved in both groups, but was more pronounced in the 3D model group. No patient in the 3D group showed a significant interventricular gradient, whereas 20% of the no-model group did. Complications were more prevalent in the no 3D model group (40.54% vs. 11.11%). At 30 days, mortality was lower in the 3D model group (5.56% vs. 11.16%). ConclusionsThe use of 3D models improves surgical planning and reduces complications in septal myectomy.

Reduced basis homogenization of thermal and elastic properties for periodic composite materials

Homogenization analysis is widely used to derive effective macroscopic properties of composite materials instead of experimental characterization. However, this approach is computationally demanding. To address this challenge, we aim to (i) derive a reduced basis homogenization method (RBHM) to vector-valued partial differential equations (PDEs), addressing a gap in predicting homogenized elastic properties of unidirectional composites; (ii) develop an offline–online strategy to evaluate reduced basis (RB) corrector gradients; (iii) validate the homogenized material properties obtained by the RBHM with experimental data, unlike previous works that relied solely on numerical comparisons; and (iv) apply the RBHM to two rectangular and one hexagonal unit cell configurations, representing the unidirectional composites. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed RBHM through parametric studies that explore the variation of the homogenized thermal and elastic properties with respect to the thermal conductivity and elastic properties of matrix and fiber materials. In conclusion, the reduced basis method (RBM) combined with the homogenization method (HM) are efficient compared to the corresponding finite element method (FEM) while generating minimal errors.

Comprehensive profiling of traditional herbomineral formulation Manasamitra vatakam in rat brain following oral administration and in-silico screening of the identified compound for anti-Alzheimer's activity

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMulti-targeted drug therapy has received substantial attention for the treatment of diseases of multifactorial origin, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Manasamitra vatakam (MMV) is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation used to improve cognitive impairment and mental illness. Here we have used a unique method for leveraging the barrier properties of the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB) to screen and identify the bioactive molecules against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current method exemplifies a facile method to expedite drug discovery from traditional formulations. Aim of the studyThe present study aimed to identify the phytoconstituents of MMV that reach the brain tissue and to predict major bioactive constituents by computational docking studies. Materials and methodsAfter oral administration of the formulation, brain samples from male Sprague Dawley rats were collected at different time intervals and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify the phytoconstituents. In silico molecular docking studies were carried out to analyze the binding affinity of the compounds to the target proteins of AD using Schrodinger Maestro. The molecular dynamic studies were carried out for all the docked complexes having higher docking scores. Results34 phytoconstituents were identified by LC-MS analysis of brain homogenates. In the in silico docking study, the phytoconstituents chrysin, convolvin, rutin, galangin, palmatoside G, isoliquiritigenin, quercetin, and naringenin showed higher docking score against the target proteins of AD. These compounds may serve as the primary bioactive compounds responsible for the neuroprotective activity of the herbal formulation. Furthermore, molecular dynamic studies indicated that the galangin-acetylcholinesterase enzyme complex has the highest stability among these eight compounds. ConclusionThe study, together with previous in vivo and in vitro efficacy results, suggests that BBB-permeable compounds with high binding affinities for the target proteins of AD might be responsible for the effectiveness of MMV against AD.

An Overview of the Mechanical Behavior of Nanocomposites Considering the Interphase

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, nanocomposites with polymer matrices have garnered significant attention for their ability to enhance properties with minimal inclusion volume, thanks to nanoscale reinforcement. The key factor distinguishing them from microcomposites is the interphase, an area of interaction where matrix properties are influenced by the reinforcement. This induces a dependence on particle size that sets nanocomposites apart. Observation of the interphase is achieved through experimental methods like atomic force microscopy (AFM) and numerical approaches such as molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. Indirect determination involves the comparison of experimental results with predictive models, which may be numerical or analytical homogenization schemes. The widely used double inclusion scheme focuses on nanocomposites, but for a comprehensive mechanical behavior prediction, elastic behavior alone is not sufficient. Factors in the matrix (plasticity, viscosity, temperature) and morphology (dispersion, surface treatment, bonding) must be considered. This review explores various methods in the literature that address these aspects.

Temporal and chromatic variation of polarized scattered light in the outer disk of PDS 70

Context. PDS 70 stands out as the only system hosting a protoplanetary disk and two confirmed planets undergoing formation. It is a unique target for characterizing the dust in this type of disk. Aims. We aim to accurately measure the reflected polarized intensity and quantify the variability and asymmetry for PDS 70 across multiple epochs and wavelengths in the optical and near-infrared. We present new high-contrast polarimetric differential imaging observations of PDS 70, with the N_R filter on SPHERE/ZIMPOL. Methods. We combined the new observation with archival data of the VLT/SPHERE instrument, spanning five wavelengths (N_R, VBB, J, H, and Ks) over seven epochs and eight years. For each observational epoch, we corrected the smearing effect due to finite instrument resolution, measured the azimuthal brightness profiles, and derived the intrinsic disk-integrated polarized reflectivity and the intrinsic brightness contrasts. Results. With our homogeneous analysis of all available optical and near-infrared data sets of the disk around PDS 70, we find significant temporal variability of the integrated polarized reflectivity as well as the azimuthal brightness profile. This indicates variable shadowing on the outer disk by inner disk structures beyond the resolution limit of current imaging instruments. Despite these variabilities, we observe a systematic wavelength-dependent contrast between the near side and the far side of the inclined disk. These results underline the importance of considering both the shadowing effect from the inner disk and the surface geometry of the observed reflecting disk in the analysis and interpretation of observational data.

The Effects of Physiotherapy Programmes, Aided by Virtual Reality Solutions, on Balance in Older Women: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Modern technologies are being applied to maintain and improve the functional performance of older adults. Fully immersive virtual reality (VR) combined with a scope of dual-task (DT) activities may effectively complement conventional physiotherapy programmes for seniors. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a fully immersive virtual reality (VR) environment combined with a scope of dual-task activities regarding balance in older women. Methods: Eighty women were recruited to the study protocol and, following randomisation, allocated to two equally sized groups, one pursuing conventional OTAGO exercises, the other one the VR-solutions-aided exercise programme combined with a scope of DT activities. Physiotherapy sessions spanned 6 weeks, each one lasting 60 min, three times a week, in both groups. Results: Homogeneity analysis of both study groups indicated no statistically significant differences at the first measurement point. After the intervention, both study groups achieved significantly improved scores on all tests. The VR + DT group obtained better results in dual-task gait and single-leg standing, whereas the greatest difference was observed during SLS CL (1.52 s vs. 2.33 s-difference 0.81 s 53.2% change, p = 0.001). The OTAGO group performed better in the TUG single-task gait (11.35 s vs. 12.60 s, p < 0.001) and in the Berg balance scale. Conclusions: The VR + DT training is effective in improving individual balance as well as in reducing fall risks. VR-assisted physiotherapy should complement conventional physiotherapy programmes (e.g., OTAGO). The benefits of applying VR solutions indicate that older women might well use this form of activity regularly under the guidance of a therapist or a family member.

Definition, Fabrication, and Compression Testing of Sandwich Structures with Novel TPMS-Based Cores.

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) constitute a type of metamaterial, deriving their unique characteristics from their microstructure topology. They exhibit wide parameterization possibilities, but their behavior is hard to predict. This study focuses on using an implicit modeling method that can effectively generate novel thin-walled metamaterials, proposing eight shell-based TPMS topologies and one stochastic structure, along with the gyroid acting as a reference. After insights into the printability and design parameters of the proposed samples are presented, a cell homogeneity analysis is conducted, indicating the level of anisotropy of each cellular structure. For each of the designed metamaterials, multiple samples were printed using a stereolithography (SLA) method, using a constant 0.3 relative density and 50 µm resolution. To provide an understanding of their behavior, compression tests of sandwich-type specimens were performed and specific deformation modes were identified. Furthermore, the study estimates the general mechanical behavior of the novel TPMS cores at different relative densities using an open cell mathematical model. Alterations of the uniform topologies are then suggested and the way these modifications affect the compressive response are presented. Thus, this paper demonstrates that an implicit modeling method could easily generate novel thin-walled TPMSs and stochastic structures, which led to identifying an artificially designed structure with superior properties to already mature topologies, such as the gyroid.

Research on the energy absorption performance of lattice filling structures based on homogenization analysis technique

The lattice structure has great application prospects in the field of energy absorption, but the high cost of numerical analysis makes it difficult to carry out related structural designs. Therefore, this article studies the feasibility of the homogenization analysis technique for the analysis of energy absorption processes in lattice-filled structures. In the study, compression experiments and numerical simulations were conducted for four different types of unit cells (including periodic truss-lattice cells and triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS cells). In the experiments, two compression samples with different numbers of periods were designed for the same unit cell structure. The research shows that the homogenized numerical model takes a lot less time to run than the classical beam and shell element models. The results of the simulation are also in line with the data from the experiments. On the other hand, the material curve constructed based on a small number of unit cell samples has excellent analytical accuracy. This means that relevant research can obtain the material experimental data required for homogenized analysis using lattice samples with low manufacturing costs. Understanding these phenomena can provide a basis for the design of energy absorption structures.

Analysis of homogeneity and isotropy of the flow in the watercourses by applying the RAPS and IPTA methods

Analysis of homogeneity and isotropy of the flow in the watercourses by applying the RAPS and IPTA methods

A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6

ABSTRACT Recent observations from the EIGER JWST program have measured for the first time the quasar–galaxy cross-correlation function at $z\approx 6$. The autocorrelation function of faint $z\approx 6$ quasars was also recently estimated. These measurements provide key insights into the properties of quasars and galaxies at high redshift and their relation with the host dark matter haloes. In this work, we interpret these data building upon an empirical quasar population model that has been applied successfully to quasar clustering and demographic measurements at $z\approx 2\!-\!4$. We use a new, large-volume N-body simulation with more than a trillion particles, FLAMINGO-10k, to model quasars and galaxies simultaneously. We successfully reproduce observations of $z\approx 6$ quasars and galaxies (i.e. their clustering properties and luminosity functions), and infer key quantities such as their luminosity–halo mass relation, the mass function of their host haloes, and their duty cycle/occupation fraction. Our key findings are (i) quasars reside on average in $\approx 10^{12.5}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ haloes (corresponding to $\approx 5\sigma$ fluctuations in the initial conditions of the linear density field), but the distribution of host halo masses is quite broad; (ii) the duty cycle of (UV-bright) quasar activity is relatively low ($\approx 1~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$); (iii) galaxies (that are bright in [O iii]) live in much smaller haloes ($\approx 10^{10.9}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) and have a larger duty cycle (occupation fraction) of $\approx 13~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Finally, we focus on the inferred properties of quasars and present a homogeneous analysis of their evolution with redshift. The picture that emerges reveals a strong evolution of the host halo mass and duty cycle of quasars at $z\approx 2\!-\!6$, and calls for new investigations of the role of quasar activity across cosmic time.