Homogeneous Mass Research Articles

Infantile Sinonasal Tract Myxomas with Orbital Involvement: Presentation of Two Cases and Comprehensive Literature Review

Objective: Our aim is to present two cases of infantile sinonasal tract myxoma with orbital involvement and conduct a comprehensive literature review of the topic. We aim to provide a summary of the presentation of infantile sinonasal tract myxomas to effectively aid clinicians in considering this rare entity as a potential diagnosis. Methods: We present a case series and a retrospective review of the published literature in the English language. A search was conducted between 1945 and 2023 on sinonasal myxoma. Cases of infantile (<3 years) sinonasal myxoma in the literature were reported as well as two cases of our own. Data was collected from each of the identified articles on the age of presentation, sex, initial presentation, tumor location, imaging, pathology, and treatment. Results: Forty-eight cases of sinonasal myxoma in children <3 years of age were identified. These cases had a slight male preponderance (F:M, 1:1.39) and an average age of diagnosis of sixteen months. Of the cases included, the majority involved the maxilla and maxillary sinuses (83.3%) and commonly presented with a painless slow-growing mass in the region of the tumor. Characteristic CT findings are homogenous solid masses with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. On MRI, these lesions appear hypointense on T1 with highly variable contrast enhancement and hyperintense on T2. Conclusions: We present two cases of infantile sinonasal myxoma with secondary orbital involvement followed by a major review. Treatment of these cases with surgical excision (confirmed clear margins) provided 0% rates of recurrence in the reported cases. Due to the rarity of these tumors and recent histological reclassification, a comprehensive review of this condition will assist clinicians in their management of it.

Abstract 4147632: Unusually Expeditious Expansion of an Atrial Myxoma

Description of the Case Report: A 44-year-old female with a past medical history of unspecified skin cancer presented with exertional dyspnea for 1 day before admission and syncope 7 months before admission. Physical exam was noted for soft low low-pitched diastolic murmur at the cardiac apex, not appreciated on prior exam. Echocardiography revealed a 3.3x4.7 cm pedunculated, homogenous mass in the left atrium obstructing the mitral valve. Serum BNP was measured as 326. An echocardiogram from less than 29 months prior was reviewed and showed no mass in the left atrium. The patient underwent successful surgical resection of the mass. The mass measured approximately 7x6x2 cm. Histologic analysis reported a proliferation of myxoid stroma with cytologically bland spindle cells positive for calretinin, compatible with cardiac myxoma. Following the surgery, the patient experienced resolution of symptoms. Discussion: Atrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors. They present as mitral valve obstruction, mitral valve regurgitation, arrhythmias, or systemic thromboembolism. They are exceedingly rare with an incidence of 0.5 to 1 case per million individuals annually and typically resected immediately. Therefore, instances with well-documented growth rates are uncommon. In this case, we present an unusually fast-growing myxoma in a woman with shortness of breath and syncope. The reported growth rate of atrial myxomas ranges from 1.3 to 6.9 mm a month. Our patient had a negative echocardiogram less than 2.5 years before her presentation, followed by the development of a 7 x 6 x 2 cm mass. Since the onset is unknown, the precise growth rate of our patient's tumor is unknown but was at least 24 mm/month. It is important to consider myxoma in the differential diagnosis of a woman with new onset murmur and syncopal episode. Furthermore, recognizing the potential for rapid expansion is crucial to assessing the risks versus benefits of myxoma section.

Mass Forming Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma- An Imaging Mimicker Of Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma And Abscess

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary malignancy of liver. Intrahepatic mass-forming (IMCC) is one of the three patterns of cholangio carcinoma. On imaging IMCC usually presents as irregularly outlined homogenous mass with low attenuation and minimal peripheral enhancement, mild intrahepatic biliary dilatation (IHBD). Sometimes, biliary dilatation, capsular retraction and satellite nodules are other features helping in diagnosis of IMCC. Out of 56 cases we evaluated for liver neoplasms on MDCT, the most common lesions encountered are Hepatocellular carcinoma (n=47, 83.9%) followed by Cholangiocarcinoma. All the 5 cases of IMCC are larger tumors with homogenously hypodense on NECT. On contrast there was rim enhancement in most of these cases. One case had delayed wash out mimicking HCC. Capsular retraction indicated the diagnosis of IMCC. The 5TH case was confused with abscess but absence of double rim sign indicated alternate diagnosis. Hence absence of double rim and washout in delayed images differentiate IMCC from liver abscess and HCC.

Intramuscular hemangioma capillary type with HRAS mutation: Expanding the molecular genetic spectrum with an emphasis on overlap with arteriovenous malformations and distinct from infantile hemangioma

AimsIntramuscular hemangioma capillary type (IHCT) is a rare entity that refers to fast-flow vascular lesions. This study aims to elucidate the relationships between clinicopathological, radiological, and molecular characteristics in IHCT patients. Methods and resultsWe reviewed all IHCT cases which were treated surgically in our pathology database from 2014 to 2023. Ten cases were analyzed via next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing. The cohort consisted of 10 patients (6 males, 4 females) with a median age of 18 years (range: 1–37). Disease lesions were located in the trunk (n = 4), upper extremity (n = 2), lower extremity (n = 2), shoulder (n = 1), and neck (n = 1). IHCT is most commonly a progressively increasing painless mass. Histopathologically, all lesions exhibited aggregates, lobules, and anastomosing cords of capillary-type vessels separating or infiltrating the skeletal muscles. Four cases exhibited irregularly dilated vessels with thick walls, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the lesion's periphery. MRI findings commonly demonstrated a well-delineated, homogeneous mass. Somatic mutations were detected in seven of the ten IHCT cases. Four cases harbored mutations in MAP2K1 (p.Q58_E62del, p.K57_G61del, p.K57 N), two cases harbored mutations in KRAS (p.Q61R and p.L56V, p.G13R), and one case harbored a mutation in HRAS (p.D69_Q70insRWYSAMRD). Mutant allele frequencies detected by sequencing ranged from 9.98% to 15.97%. ConclusionsThe hemodynamic and molecular genetic phenotypes of IHCT closely resemble those observed in AVMs. Newly identified KRAS missense mutations, including cases with coexisting mutation types, and HRAS insertion mutations offer valuable insights into the genetic basis of vascular anomalies. These findings may also present potential targets for the development of novel pharmacotherapeutic interventions.

Krukenberg tumour in a 46-year-old black African woman with a background of ovarian fibroma- A case report

BackgroundTumours that metastasize to the ovary can occur in conjunction with other ovarian lesions, including benign sex cord stroma tumours like fibroma or fibrothecoma. This case report presents a unique instance of metastatic signet ring carcinoma involving the ovary in a background of fibroma in a Black African woman.Patient presentationA 46-year-old gravida 3, para 0 (2 alive), patient was referred from the general outpatient clinic to the gynecology clinic due to progressive abdominal swelling over the past eight months. Abdominal examination revealed marked distension with massive ascites. Physical examination of the chest demonstrated dullness to percussion over both lung bases, with increased dullness noted on the right. Auscultation revealed decreased air entry in the right middle and lower lung zones, with normal to increased air entry in the remaining lung fields. Abdominopelvic ultrasound revealed a large irregularly marginated homogeneous solid mass in the right adnexa measuring 16.4 × 11.7 × 12.7 cm. An abdominal CT scan revealed bilateral pleural effusion, which was more pronounced on the right, ascites, and evidence of pulmonary and hepatic metastasis. Serum chemistry revealed abnormal levels of several analytes, including elevated CA 125 at 1,108.8 (normal range 0–35) U/L and CA 19–9 at 63.8 (normal range 0–35) U/L. She subsequently underwent staging laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, without any postoperative complications. The histologic sections of the right and left ovaries revealed a moderately cellular lesion composed of intersecting bundles of spindle cells in a fascicular and storiform pattern. Additionally, pockets of small round to oval-shaped cells with intracytoplasmic clear vacuoles pushing the nucleus to the periphery (signet ring cells) were identified in a few foci. These cells were initially thought to be ovarian stroma or theca cells. Microscopic examination revealed signet ring cells with cytoplasmic positivity for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The histopathological diagnosis was metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma involving the ovary, with an underlying ovarian fibroma.ConclusionsOvarian metastatic signet ring carcinoma in a background of fibroma can pose a significant diagnostic challenge, as signet ring cells can mimic the ovarian stroma or theca cells, especially if they are only observed in a few foci of the sections.

Understanding ‘many’ through the lens of Ukrainian багато

We reveal an ongoing language change in Ukrainian involving a construction with a subject comprised of the indefinite quantifier багато ‘many’ modifying a noun phrase in the Genitive Plural. Number agreement on the verb varies, allowing both Singular (in 69.1% of attestations) and Plural (in 30.9% of attestations). Based on statistical analysis of corpus data, we investigate the influence of the factors of year of creation, word order of subject and verb, and animacy of the subject on the choice of verb number. We find that, while all combinations of word order and animacy are robustly attested, VS word order and inanimate subjects tend to prefer Singular, whereas SV word order and animate subjects tend to prefer Plural. Since about the 1950s, the proportion of Plural has been increasing, overtaking Singular in the current decade. We propose that this Singular vs. Plural variation is motivated by the human embodied experience of construing a group of items as either a homogeneous mass (and therefore Singular) or a multiplicity of individuals (and therefore Plural). This proposal is supported by the identification of micro-constructions that prefer Singular and show reduced individuation of human beings.

7422 Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus Following Pituitary Macroadenoma Resection

Abstract Disclosure: J. Chippior: None. L. Ghalib: None. A 44 year-old female with a PMH of primary hypothyroidism, and a pituitary macroadenoma that was lost to follow up, presented to the ED with a chief complaint of an acute headache and decreased visual acuity involving the right eye over the past year. Patient was found to have a large, homogenous suprasellar mass with the largest dimension measuring 6.3 cm in size, and causing displacement of the optic chiasm. Initial hormonal workup was most notable for elevated prolactin at 128 ng/ml (3.3-26.7 ng/ml), which was slightly lower than when it was previously measured 10 years ago. The patient was taken to the OR for transsphenoidal endoscopic partial resection, but within 24 hours of post-op, she developed hypernatremia at 153 mmol/dL (135-145 mmol/dL) that was suspected to be secondary to diabetes insipidus (DI). In addition, she also suffered several small strokes involving her right midbrain and basal ganglia. She required multiple doses of DDAVP throughout her stay and this was ultimately continued upon discharge. Unfortunately, as follow up MRI had shown residual tumor within the third ventricle, she returned for a 2nd resection but once again suffered additional post-operative complications. The patient experienced additional strokes involving the right frontal and parietal lobes, and her DI became more labile than before, with her serum sodium peaking at 172 mmol/dL. Despite such a high degree of hypernatremia, she did not demonstrate any signs of thirst or any desire to access free water, even after her post-stroke encephalopathy had largely resolved. With less than 100 severe cases documented over the past four decades, it was suspected that the patient had a rare form of DI known as “adipsic DI”. Osmoreceptors within the hypothalamus can trigger the release of ADH or stimulate thirst, with the former requiring a smaller change in serum osmolality to generate such a response. Pituitary surgery involves manipulation of the infundibulum and any inadvertent severing can prevent ADH’s ability to travel from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary, subsequently leading to DI. The majority of patients with post-op DI increase their free water intake and subsequently do not develop hypernatremia. Those with adipsic DI lack this compensatory mechanism which leads to the electrolyte disturbance, and carries a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than those with typical DI. Following her second surgery, our patient was discharged with DDAVP once again but this time with a higher dose and frequency. She’s had numerous hospital readmissions since then for altered mental status in the setting of hypernatremia as she still struggles to meet her free water intake and continuously relies on her family for reminders. Though her case is certainly not typical, it highlights the added complexity of managing adipsic DI as it relies not only on DDAVP replacement, but replicating what is supposed to be an innate behavior. Presentation: 6/3/2024

7435 Thyroid Abscess Post-FNA in an Immunocompetent Host

Abstract Disclosure: B. Gautam: None. M.S. Hossain: None. S. Hossain: None. S.C. Kumar: None. H. liao: None. B. Tiwari: None. D.S. Rosenthal: None. Background: Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is a common diagnostic procedure for thyroid nodules. Most common post FNA complications are minor pain, bruises and small hematomas. Despite being generally safe, FNA can occasionally lead to rare complications, such as thyroid abscess, especially in immunocompromised individuals. This case highlights the development of a thyroid abscess post-FNA in a 42-year-old immunocompetent female. Case Report: A 42-year-old female presented to ED with painful right sided neck lump. She had undergone FNA of right sided thyroid cyst, 10 days ago without any immediate complications as confirmed on post procedural ultrasonogram. She started having right sided neck pain after FNA which progressively got worse overtime associated with fever, chills and difficulty swallowing without any dyspnea or dysphonia. She denied symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Family history was significant for thyroid cancer in her mother and thyroid nodule in a sister. On exam: Temp. 101 F, HR 105 beats/min, BP 113/69 mm Hg, RR 18 breaths/min. Neck exam revealed soft, warm, tender mass in right neck region which was mobile with swallowing without any skin discoloration or discharge. The physical exam was otherwise unremarkable. Laboratory investigations showed elevated WBC 18000 (4.5-11 k/mm3) with absolute neutrophil count 14.4 (1.8-7 k/mm3), normal CMP. Thyroid hormone levels were normal: TSH 0.32 Uiu/ml, FT4 1.0 ng/dl), as were anti-TG ab, TSI and anti-TPO ab. CT scan of Neck with IV contrast showed a 2.8 x 2.5 x 3.8 cm homogeneous right thyroid mass with mass effect on the trachea. US thyroid showed a 3.7 x 2.9 x 3.3 cm right thyroid hypoechoic lesion with increased internal echogenicity and peripheral hyperemia, consistent with a thyroid abscess. Patient underwent IR guided drainage of 30 cc thick, dark brown fluid and started on broad spectrum IV antibiotics which was then modified based on the bacteriology report showing presence of gram-variable rods, specifically Corynebacterium, with significant clinical improvement. Discussion: The thyroid gland is considered resistant to infections because of its characteristics such as encapsulation, high iodine content and rich blood supply. Nevertheless, rarely, patients may develop post FNA complications including bacterial thyroiditis, thyroid abscess and retropharyngeal cellulitis, presenting with acute life-threatening complaints. This case highlights the importance of monitoring for these rare complications along with early diagnosis and treatment which involves drainage and targeted antibiotic therapy. In the presence of suspicious findings on ultrasonogram and a strong family history of thyroid cancer, we also like to emphasize rare cases where a thyroid abscess could originate from necrotizing cancer cell, the likely etiology of thyroid abscess in our patient. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Surgical management of fibroadenoma in udder with special reference to ultrasonographic and histopathological findings in three Jaffarabadi buffalo heifers

The present report describes a surgical management of fibroadenoma in udder of three Jaffarabadi buffalo heifers of 2-3 years of age. The history of firm udder mass increasing gradually since last 5-6 months. Ultrasonography revealed a mass with isoechoic to hyperechoic parenchyma, separated from surrounding tissue by well differentiated hypoechoic margin. Under sedation and local analgesia, homogenous mass was removed surgically in lateral recumbency. All animals had a postoperative recovery without any complications. Grossly, mass was pale, firm, encapsulated and fasciculated. On histology, tubules and acini lined by layers of cuboidal epithelium and separated by bands of fibrous connective tissue. On the basis of history, clinical findings, ultrasonography and histopathology; these cases were diagnosed as fibroadenoma.

IgG4-Related Dacryoadenitis With Fibrous Mass in a 19-Month-Old Child: Case Report and Literature Review.

A 19-month-old boy presented with eyelid swelling, proptosis, and upgaze limitation in the OD. The radiological study showed a homogeneous mass enclosing the lacrimal gland. Near-total tumor excision revealed IgG4-related orbital disease. Eosinophilia, serum IgG4, and IgE elevations were detected without extraorbital involvement. The patient received oral prednisolone for 4 months postoperatively and remained relapse-free for 27 months. Among the 17 well-documented pediatric cases of IgG4-related orbital disease in the literature (including this case), 59% were female, and the median age was 10 years; 2 patients were under 2 years old. The disease was unilateral in 82% of the patients and caused a soft tissue mass in 88%, involving the lacrimal gland in 53%. Nine patients received immunosuppression only, 4 surgery and immunosuppression, and 2 only surgical excision. Treatment results were reported in 13 patients, and all were favorable. IgG4-related dacryoadenitis with a fibrous mass may occur in very young children, responding well to surgical excision and steroids. Although pediatric IgG4-related orbital disease is not well-characterized yet, it may manifest differently from its adult variant.

Glioma Stem Cells as Promoter of Glioma Progression: A Systematic Review of Molecular Pathways and Targeted Therapies.

Gliomas' aggressive nature and resistance to therapy make them a major problem in oncology. Gliomas continue to have dismal prognoses despite significant advancements in medical science, and traditional treatments like surgery, radiation (RT), and chemotherapy (CT) frequently prove to be ineffective. After glioma stem cells (GSCs) were discovered, the traditional view of gliomas as homogeneous masses changed. GSCs are essential for tumor growth, treatment resistance, and recurrence. These cells' distinct capacities for differentiation and self-renewal are changing our knowledge of the biology of gliomas. This systematic literature review aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms driving glioma progression associated with GSCs. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, with a thorough literature search conducted on PubMed, Ovid MED-LINE, and Ovid EMBASE. The first literature search was performed on 1 March 2024, and the search was updated on 15 May 2024. Employing MeSH terms and Boolean operators, the search focused on molecular mechanisms associated with GCSs-mediated glioma progression. Inclusion criteria encompassed English language studies, preclinical studies, and clinical trials. A number of 957 papers were initially identified, of which 65 studies spanning from 2005 to 2024 were finally included in the review. The main GSC model distribution is arranged in decreasing order of frequency: U87: 20 studies (32.0%); U251: 13 studies (20.0%); A172: 4 studies (6.2%); and T98G: 2 studies (3.17%). From most to least frequent, the distribution of the primary GSC pathway is as follows: Notch: 8 studies (12.3%); STAT3: 6 studies (9.2%); Wnt/β-catenin: 6 studies (9.2%); HIF: 5 studies (7.7%); and PI3K/AKT: 4 studies (6.2%). The distribution of molecular effects, from most to least common, is as follows: inhibition of differentiation: 22 studies (33.8%); increased proliferation: 18 studies (27.7%); enhanced invasive ability: 15 studies (23.1%); increased self-renewal: 5 studies (7.7%); and inhibition of apoptosis: 3 studies (4.6%). This work highlights GSC heterogeneity and the dynamic interplay within the glioblastoma microenvironment, underscoring the need for a tailored approach. A few key pathways influencing GSC behavior are JAK/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch. Therapy may target these pathways. This research urges more study to fill in knowledge gaps in the biology of GSCs and translate findings into useful treatment approaches that could improve GBM patient outcomes.

Structural Positive Electrodes Engineered for Multifunctionality.

Multifunctional structural batteries are of high and emerging interest in a wide variety of high-strength and lightweight applications. Structural batteries typically use pristine carbon fiber as the negative electrode, functionalized carbon fiber as the positive electrode, and a mechanically robust lithium-ion transporting electrolyte. However, electrochemical cycling of carbon fibre-based positive electrodes is still limited to tests in liquid electrolytes, which does not allow for to introduction of multifunctionality in real terms. To overcome these limitations, structural batteries with a structural battery electrolyte (SBE) are developed. This approach offers massless energy storage. The electrodes are manufactured using economically friendly, abundant, cheap, and non-toxic iron-based materials like olivine LiFePO4. Reduced graphene oxide, renowned for its high surface area and electrical conductivity, is incorporated to enhance the ion transport mechanism. Furthermore, a vacuum-infused solid-liquid electrolyte is cured to bolster the mechanical strength of the carbon fibers and provide a medium for lithium-ion migration. Electrophoretic deposition is selected as a green process to manufacture the structural positive electrodes with homogeneous mass loading. A specific capacity of 112mAhg-1 can be reached at C/20, allowing the smooth transport of Li-ion in the presence of SBE. The modulus of positive electrodes exceeded 80GPa. Structural battery-positive half-cells are demonstrated across various mass-loadings, enabling them to be tailored for a diverse array of applications in consumer technology, electric vehicles, and aerospace sectors.

Self-assembled ordered AuNRs-modified electrodes for simultaneous determination of dopamine and topotecan with improved data reproducibility.

Gold nanomaterials have been widely explored in electrochemical sensors due to their high catalytic property and good stability in multi-medium. In this paper, the reproducibility of the signal among batches of gold nanorods (AuNRs)-modified electrodes was investigated to improve the data stabilization and repeatability. Ordered and random self-assembled AuNRs-modified electrodes were used as electrochemical sensors for the simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and topotecan (TPC), with the aim of obtaining an improved signal stability in batches of electrodes and realizing the simultaneous determination of both substances. The morphology and structure of the assemblies were analyzed and characterized by UV-Vis spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical studies showed that the ordered AuNRs/ITO electrodes have excellent signal reproducibility among several individuals due to the homogeneous mass transfer in the ordered arrangement of the AuNRs. Under the optimized conditions, the simultaneous detection results of DA and TPC showed good linearity in the ranges 1.75-45 μM and 1.5-40 μM, and the detection limits of DA and TPC were 0.06 μM and 0.17 μM, respectively. The results showed that the prepared ordered AuNR/ITO electrode had high sensitivity, long-term stability, and reproducibility for the simultaneous determination of DA and TPC, and it was expected to be applicable for real sample testing.

Effect of Jointed Rock Mass on Seismic Response of Metro Station Tunnel-Group Structures

Effect of Jointed Rock Mass on Seismic Response of Metro Station Tunnel-Group Structures

Formulation and development of herbal gel for wound healing

Herbal gel is a solid, jelly-like substance that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough preparation. It is used topically for a variety of purposes, such as protectants, antiseptics, and antimicrobials. Herbal formulations means a dosage form consisting of one or more herbs or processed herbs in specified quantities to provide specific nutritional, cosmetic benefits meant for use to diagnose, treat, mitigate diseases of human beings or animals, alter the structure or physiology of human beings or animals. The aim of herbal treatment is usually to produce persisting improvements in well-being. Practitioners often talk in terms of trying to treat the “underlying cause” of disease and may prescribe herbs aimed at correcting patterns of dysfunction rather than targeting the presenting symptoms. Gel-based products absorb into the skin easily, leave little to no residue on the skin, and prevent greasiness. Moisturizing benefit, Acne, Ageing, treat sunburn, hydration, cooling effect, long lasting, Compatible with sensitive skin type. Moringa oleifera is a tree with antioxidants and also anti-inflammatory properties. Its health benefits may range from speeding up wound healing. The herbal gel was prepared by using heat add the required amount of all the ingredients and stirred it continuously up to 10 to 15 minute to form a homogenous mass of gel. This gel was formulate by using suitable ingredients like, Maringa seed oil, olive oil, aloe-Vera gel This gel is honey, Garlic extract. In different properties the herbal gel was evaluated by different parameters such as a pH measurement, viscosity test skin irritation test, physical appearance, spread ability test and net content.

Application of stoichiometric CT number calibration method for dose calculation of tissue heterogeneous volumes in boron neutron capture therapy.

Monte Carlo simulation code is commonly used for the dose calculation of boron neutron capture therapy. In the past, dose calculation was performed assuming a homogeneous mass density and elemental composition inside the tissue, regardless of the patient's age or sex. Studies have shown that the mass density varies with patient to patient, particularly for those that have undergone surgery or radiotherapy. A method to convert computed tomography numbers into mass density and elemental weights of tissues has been developed and applied in the dose calculation process using Monte Carlo codes. A recent study has shown the variation in the computed tomography number between different scanners for low- and high-density materials. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the elemental composition inside each calculation voxel on the dose calculation and the application of the stoichiometric CT number calibration method for boron neutron capture therapy planning. Monte Carlo simulation package Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System was used for the dose calculation. Firstly, a homogeneous cubic phantom with the material set to ICRU soft tissue (four component), muscle, fat, and brain was modelled and the NeuCure BNCT system accelerator-based neutron source was used. The central axis depth dose distribution was simulated and compared between the four materials. Secondly, a treatment plan of the brain and the head and neck region was simulated using a dummy patient dataset. Three models were generated; (1) a model where only the fundamental materials were considered (simple model), a model where each voxel was assigned a mass density and elemental weight using (2) the Nakao20 model, and (3) the Schneider00 model. The irradiation conditions were kept the same between the different models (irradiation time and irradiation field size) and the near maximum (D1%) and mean dose to the organs at risk were calculated and compared. A maximum percentage difference of approximately 5% was observed between the different materials for the homogeneous phantom. With the dummy patient plan, a large dose difference in the bone (greater than 12%) and region near the low-density material (mucosal membrane, 7%-11%) was found between the different models. A stoichiometric CT number calibration method using the newly developed Nakao20 model was applied to BNCT dose calculation. The results indicate the importance of calibrating the CT number to elemental composition for each individual CT scanner for the purpose of BNCT dose calculation along with the consideration of heterogeneity of the material composition inside the defined region of interest.

Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma: a retrospective multi-center International Society of Pediatric Oncology-Renal Tumor Study Group (SIOP-RTSG) radiology panel study

BackgroundCongenital mesoblastic nephroma is the most common solid renal tumor in neonates. Therefore, patients <3 months of age are advised to undergo upfront nephrectomy, whereas invasive procedures at diagnosis in patients ≥3 months of age are discouraged by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology-Renal Tumor Study Group (SIOP-RTSG). Nevertheless, discriminating congenital mesoblastic nephroma, especially from the more common Wilms tumor, solely based on imaging remains difficult. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the preferred modality. Studies focusing on MRI characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma are limited.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify diagnostic MRI characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma in the largest series of patients to date.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective multicenter study, five SIOP-RTSG national review radiologists identified 52 diagnostic MRIs of histologically proven congenital mesoblastic nephromas. MRI was performed following SIOP-RTSG protocols, while radiologists assessed their national cases using a validated case report form.ResultsPatients (24/52 classic, 11/52 cellular, and 15/52 mixed type congenital mesoblastic nephroma, 2/52 unknown) had a median age of 1 month (range 1 day–3 months). Classic type congenital mesoblastic nephroma appeared homogeneous with a lack of hemorrhage, necrosis and/or cysts, showing a concentric ring sign in 14 (58.3%) patients. Cellular and mixed type congenital mesoblastic nephroma appeared more heterogeneous and were larger (311.6 and 174.2 cm3, respectively, versus 41.0 cm3 for the classic type (P<0.001)). All cases were predominantly T2-weighted isointense and T1-weighted hypointense, and mean overall apparent diffusion coefficient values ranged from 1.05–1.10×10−3 mm2/s.ConclusionThis retrospective international collaborative study showed classic type congenital mesoblastic nephroma predominantly presented as a homogeneous T2-weighted isointense mass with a typical concentric ring sign, whereas the cellular type appeared more heterogeneous. Future studies may use identified MRI characteristic of congenital mesoblastic nephroma for validation and for exploring the discriminative non-invasive value of MRI, especially from Wilms tumor.Graphical

О возможности использования гонад товарного осетра и промыслового сазана Волго-Каспийского региона в технологии рыбных консервов

The purpose was to establish the possibility of using secondary food fish raw materials of commercial sturgeon milt and gonads (milt, caviar eggs) of commercial carp in the technology of canned fish blanched in broth, tomato sauce and “pate” type. The objects of the study were: milt and caviar of carp, milt of sturgeon species of fish, blanched milt of carp and commercial sturgeon, blanching broth, samples of canned goods “Milt of commercial sturgeon and carp blanched in broth”, “Milt of commercial sturgeon and carp blanched in tomato sauce”, “Plow combined from milt of sturgeon fish and the gonads of the carp”. The commercial sturgeon milts are a homogeneous dense mass of milty-white color with gray inclusions with fat freely separating when pressed, indicating the need for their preliminary degreasing, while, after separation from milt fat deposits, they can be attributed to protein (19.6%) fatty (15.9%) types of raw materials. The norms for laying components have been developed and canned fish “Milt of commercial sturgeon and carp blanched in broth”, “Milt of commercial sturgeon and carp blanched in tomato sauce”, “Pate combined from milt and fish caviar” have been made. It was revealed that the samples of canned goods from blanched milt of commercial sturgeon and carp in all quality indicators meet the requirements of ISS 33430-2015 “Canned caviar and fish milt” and have an average score (4.5 and 4.6 points); the sample of canned food “Combined pate from milt and fish caviar” meets the requirements of ISS 7457-2007 “Canned fish pates” according to physico-chemical parameters, while the need for further experimental studies to improve its taste characteristics has been established.

Total Knee Replacement of Synovial Haemangioma of The Knee Joint in a 44-Year-Old Male: A Case Report

Introduction: Synovial hemangioma is a rare illness frequently misdiagnosed, leading to years of inaction. In this study, we aim to discover the consequences of untreated hemangioma of the knee joint. Case Presentation: Our patient was a 44-year-old male who experienced recurring pain in his left knee. The previous year, the patient experienced pain in his left knee while walking, which has subsided with rest. Although he has been performing radiography at multiple hospitals since 2019, no problems have been recorded. We detected a mass after performing magnetic resonance imaging. The T1-weighted sequence + contras near the medial femoral condyle revealed a homogeneous mass with high intensity. We decided to conduct surgical intervention and total knee replacement. Postsurgical, the patient regained symptom-free. Conclusions: Because of the limited radiographic capacity, synovial hemangioma is uncommon and challenging to diagnose on an outpatient basis. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography are highly beneficial. If intraarticular hemangiomas are not considered, they can cause bony dysplasia and multiple clinical manifestations. Initial total excision can be conducted to decrease the chance of hemarthrosis.

Ambient identity construction via massive anonymous danmu comments

This article contributes to the scholarship on digital identity work by examining the linguistic mechanisms of ambient identity construction in fully anonymous online environments. It investigates how video viewers construct textual personae by leaving massive anonymous comments in danmu, a viewing-and-commenting system that synchronously posts comments onto a video screen as it plays. Drawing on the sociological concept of homophily and the linguistics-informed Appraisal framework, this study systematically tracks the patterns in the attitudinal orientations among massive anonymous comments left over a high-profile Chinese video featuring a teacher's home visit. The article argues that the technological affordances of danmu lead to the inherent collectiveness of anonymous digital identity construction. It reports two attitudinal meaning-making mechanisms through which massive anonymous comments converge into a homogeneous mass and describes the viewers' collective ambient identities revealed in their comments. This project brings clarity to the dynamics of ambient digital identity construction by deploying computational tools to linguistic analysis and has practical implications for marketing research, social media monitoring, and community building.