Homogeneous Map Research Articles

Similar genes discovery system (SGDS): Application for predicting possible pathways by using GO semantic similarity measure

This research analyzes the gene relationship according to their annotations. We present here a similar genes discovery system (SGDS), based upon semantic similarity measure of gene ontology (GO) and Entrez gene, to identify groups of similar genes. In order to validate the proposed measure, we analyze the relationships between similarity and expression correlation of pairs of genes. We explore a number of semantic similarity measures and compute the Pearson correlation coefficient. Highly correlated genes exhibit strong similarity in the ontology taxonomies. The results show that our proposed semantic similarity measure outperforms the others and seems better suited for use in GO. We use MAPK homogenous genes group and MAP kinase pathway as benchmarks to tune the parameters in our system for achieving higher accuracy. We applied the SGDS to RON and Lutheran pathways, the results show that it is able to identify a group of similar genes and to predict novel pathways based on a group of candidate genes.

A Test of Pressure Equilibrium outside and inside Some Dust-emitting Filaments and a Shell

We have found relations characterizing two large filaments embedded in hot cavities and a shell surrounding a hot cavity. These data come from multiconstituent (gas/dust/field) homogeneous maps of the same objects modeled in the same manner. We find that the total external pressure of the cavity environment surrounding our filaments and shell is large and about equal to the total internal pressure inside the filaments and the shell. Also, we find that the filament width decreases with increasing total pressure. We expect that our work will provide a deeper insight into the origin and properties of filaments and the surrounding large-scale structure. Models of filaments neglecting a strong pressure from the outside environment would need modifications. Models requiring strong magnetism inside the filaments or shell, sufficiently strong to contain gas turbulence, do not seem to be favored by our thin filaments or shell.

National Geophysical Data Center candidate for the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map

Marine and airborne magnetic anomaly data have been collected for more than half a century, providing global coverage of the Earth. Furthermore, the German CHAMP satellite is providing increasingly accurate information on large‐scale magnetic anomalies. The World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map project is an international effort to integrate all available near‐surface and satellite magnetic anomaly data into a global map database. Teams of researchers were invited to produce candidate maps using a common pool of data sets. Here we present the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) candidate. To produce a homogeneous map, the near‐surface data were first line‐leveled and then merged by Least Squares Collocation. Long wavelengths were found to agree surprisingly well with independent satellite information. This validates our final processing step of merging the short‐wavelength part of the near‐surface data with long‐wavelength satellite magnetic anomalies.

Superlinearly convergent homogeneous maps and period of the pendulum

The period of a pendulum can be accurately determined by an arithmetic-geometric map. The high efficiency of the map is due to superlinear convergence, which can be understood from a geometrical point of view by writing the map as a skew system (or master-slave system) whose master component has a globally asymptotically stable fixed point with order of convergence two, which reduces the behavior of the map to a one-dimensional dynamics. It is shown that the map shares many features with a general class of maps of the real plane.

Updated Z-Burst Neutrinos at Horizons

Recent homogeneous and isotropic maps of UHECR, suggest an isotropic cosmic origin almost uncorrelated to nearby Local Universe prescribed by GZK (tens Mpc) cut-off. Z-Burst model, based on UHE neutrino resonant scattering on light relic ones in nearby Hot neutrino Dark Halo, may overcome the absence of such a local imprint and explain the recent correlation with BL-Lac at distances of a few hundred Mpc. Z-Burst multiple imprint, due to very possible lightest non-degenerated neutrino masses, may inject energy and modulate UHECR ZeV edge spectra. The Z-burst (and GZK) ultra high energy neutrinos (ZeV and EeV band) may also shine, by UHE neutrinos mass state mixing, and rise in corresponding UHE Tau neutrino flavor, whose charged current tau production and its decay in flight, maybe the source of UHE showering on Earth. The Radius and the atmosphere of our planet constrains the τ maximal distance and energy to make a shower. These terrestrial tau energies are near GZK ( 10 19 eV ). Higher distances and energies are available in bigger planets (up to ( 6 ⋅ 10 19 eV )); eventual solar atmosphere horizons may amplify the UHE tau flight allowing tau showering at ZeV energies ( 3.5 ⋅ 10 20 eV ), offering a novel way to reveal the expected Z-Burst extreme neutrino fluxes.

Polynomial maps and even dimensional spheres

We construct, for every even dimensional sphere S, n > 2, and every odd integer k, a homogeneous polynomial map f: S n → S n of Brouwer degree k and algebraic degree 2|k| - 1.

OMC-1: A Cool Arching Filament in a Hot Gaseous Cavity: Geometry, Kinematics, Magnetic Vectors, and Pressure Balance

We have assembled data on large (Galactic shell), middle (filament), and small (protostar) scales. OMC-1 is embedded in a hot cavity. Here we have made multiconstituent (gas/dust/field) homogeneous maps of the central part of the OMC-1 filament, covering an area of 2' ? 2'. We find here that the vertical filament has a turbulent pressure about equal to the magnetic pressure; its total pressure roughly equals that in the surrounding medium. The magnetic field crosses the filament with an estimated strength of 300-350 ?G in the sky plane. It could be an externally wrapped U-shaped magnetic field going around the filament (due to a large shock front traveling in the cavity), or else an internally generated helical field (of unknown origin). Near the OMC-1 map center, we map the low-velocity outflow near IRc2-source I, with a pattern of blue south-southwest gas and red north-northeast gas. Our James Clerk Maxwell Telescope data yield a plane-of-sky field of 2.4-2.6 mG across the outflow; this strength nearly equals the published Zeeman line-of-sight data. Farther out, the Zeeman data show a negative magnetic field, possibly suggesting a pole-on dipolar field.

HM-ICP: Fast 3-D Registration Algorithm with Hierarchical and Region Selection Approach of M-ICP

This paper presents a novel fast and highly accurate 3-D registration algorithm. The ICP (Iterative Closest Point) algorithm converges all the 3-D data points of two data sets to the best-matching points with minimum evaluation values. This algorithm is in widespread use because it has good validity for many applications, but it extracts a heavy computational cost and is very sensitive to error. This is because it uses all the data points of two data sets and least mean square optimization. We previously proposed the M-ICP algorithm, which uses M-estimation to realize robustness against outlying gross noise with the original ICP algorithm. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm called HM-ICP (Hierarchical M-ICP), which is an extension of the M-ICP that selects regions for matching and hierarchical searching of selected regions. This method selects regions by evaluating the variance of distance values in the target region, and homogeneous topological mapping. Some fundamental experiments using real data sets of 3-D measurement demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving a reduction of more than ten thousand times for computational costs. We also confirmed an error of less than 0.1% for the measurement distance.

Formulating Jacobian matrices for the dexterity analysis of parallel manipulators

The condition number of the Jacobian matrix has been commonly used in determining the dexterous regions of a manipulator workspace. This has been successful when applied to manipulators having either solely spherical or solely Cartesian degrees of freedom. However, for manipulators having a mix of both rotational and translational degrees of freedom, i.e., complex degree of freedom manipulators, the condition number of the Jacobian matrix may not be used due to dimensional inconsistencies with its elements. This paper furthers earlier work introduced in obtaining a Jacobian matrix which may be used to determine the dexterity of parallel mechanisms regardless of the number and type of degrees of freedom of the mechanism. The result of the method introduced in this paper is a dimensionally homogeneous Jacobian matrix mapping m actuator velocities to n independent end effector velocities. In the typical case where m = n, the Jacobian matrix is also square. As opposed to earlier works, the singular values of the Jacobian matrix obtained here have an evident physical significance. Furthermore, the ratio of the maximum and minimum singular values, i.e., the condition number may be used to measure the dexterity of the manipulator at a given pose. To illustrate the concepts introduced in this paper, the 3-PRS manipulator is analyzed.

Observed Low-Frequency Covariabilities between the Tropical Oceans and the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Twentieth Century

Abstract The low-frequency covariabilities of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during twentieth-century winters are investigated by maximum covariance analysis (MCA) using reanalysis data. It was found that the positive NAO phase is positively correlated to an increase in tropical SST, especially during the recent decades. The western tropical Pacific SST displays high correlation with the NAO throughout the whole of the twentieth century. For this ocean region, the MCA homogeneous map has a SST spatial pattern with meridional gradients. It was also found that a cooling of tropical Atlantic SST is correlated with positive NAO. The influence of the tropical Atlantic SST on the NAO is strongest during the pre-1960s period.

A Pluronic-coupled metal-chelating ligand for membrane affinity chromatography

A technique for bio-specific affinity chromatography using synthetic nonporous membranes and a new metal-chelating Pluronic surfactant is described. Synthetic polymeric poly(vinyldiene fluoride) membranes were fabricated for use as solid, hydrophobic adsorption membrane matrices. An ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid dianhydride was coupled to the terminal hydroxyl end groups of Pluronic ® F108 via a two-step reaction at 40 °C, to create a new metal affinity ligand, Pluronic- N,N-dicarboxymethyl-3,6-diazaoctanedioate (Pluronic-DMDDO). The hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) moiety of Pluronic allowed non-covalent adsorption of the ligand to the hydrophobic membrane matrix. The protein repellent properties of the hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) brush layer of Pluronic, served to preserve the bio-specific activity of the ligand and to increase ligand accessibility. Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis was used to determine the metal binding capacity, stability and surface homogeneity of this immobilised metal affinity membrane system and to generate surface homogeneity maps of the chelated metal ions. The chelate capacity of Pluronic-DMDDO was determined under non-competitive conditions and was of the order (Zn 2+ > Ni 2+ > Cu 2+). An amino terminal hex-histidine-tagged recombinant Escherichia coli pantothenate kinase was used as a test protein. Histidine-tagged pantothenate kinase bound strongly to Pluronic-DMDDO-treated membranes specifically in the presence of Ni 2+. Eluted immobilised histidine-tagged proteins retained their biochemical activity and the membranes were capable of being regenerated and re-used.

A Cool Filament Crossing the Warm Protostar DR 21(OH): Geometry, Kinematics, Magnetic Vectors, and Pressure Balance

Here we made multiconstituent (gas/dust/field), homogeneous maps of a length of a vertical filament including DR 21(OH) proper. We observed at a radial velocity around -3.5 km s-1 the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O gas in the J = 3-2 lines, as well as the thermal dust continuum near 850 ?m and the dust's linear polarization properties, all near the same wavelength (850 ?m) and with the same angular resolution (14'') using the same antenna (James Clerk Maxwell Telescope [JCMT]). We deduce the energy components in the cool filament, and we compute the pressure components there and those in the surrounding region. The vertical filament has a total pressure composed about equally of turbulent energy and magnetic energy. The magnetic field in the vertical filament appears to go across the filament and has an estimated strength of 100-200 ?G in the sky plane. Near the map center, we find a low-velocity outflow from DR 21(OH), with a pattern of blue southeast gas and red northwest gas. For the central DR 21(OH) protostar, our JCMT polarimetric data allow us to infer a median plane-of-sky field of 780 ?G oriented mainly east-west (as seen with the JCMT beam of 14''), which is comparable to the published Zeeman data along the line of sight (-530 ?G).

Complexity metrics to quantify semantic accuracy in segmented Landsat images

This paper addresses semantic accuracy in relation to images obtained with remote sensing. Semantic accuracy is defined in terms of map complexity. Complexity metrics are applied as a metric to measure complexity. The idea is that a homogeneous map of a low complexity is of a high semantic accuracy. In this study, complexity metrics like aggregation index, fragmentation index and patch size are applied on two images with different objectives, one from an agricultural area in the Netherlands, and one from a rural area in Kazakhstan. Images are segmented first using region merging segmentation. Effects on metrics and semantic accuracy are discussed. On the basis of well‐defined subsets, we conclude that the complexity metrics are suitable to quantify the semantic accuracy of the map. Segmentation is the most useful for an agricultural area including various agricultural fields. Metrics are mutually comparable being highly correlated, but showing some different aspects in quantifying map homogeneity and identifying objects of a high semantic accuracy.

SOME RESULTS ON THE STABILITY OF THE HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTIONS

In this paper we present result on Pexider type of stability and superstability of homogeneous mappings. Some consequences for quadratic mappings and linear operators are also established

Statistical Algorithms for Long DNA Sequences: Oligonucleotide Distributions and Homogeneity Maps

The statistical properties of oligonucleotide appearances within long DNA sequences often reveal useful characteristics of the corresponding DNA areas. Two algorithms to statistically analyze oligonucleotide appearances within long DNA sequences in genome banks are presented. The first algorithm determines statistical indices for arbitrary length oligonucleotides within arbitrary length DNA sequences. The critical exponent μ of the distance distribution between consecutive occurrences of the same oligonucleotide is calculated and its value is shown to characterize the functionality of the oligonucleotide. The second algorithm searches for areas with variable homogeneity, based on the density of oligonucleotides. The two algorithms have been applied to representative eucaryotes (the animal Mus musculusand the plant Arabidopsis thaliana) and interesting results were obtained, confirmed by biological observations. All programs are open source and publicly available on our web site.

Local zeta function for nondegenerate homogeneous mappings

We give an explicit description of the poles of the Igusa local zeta function associated to a polynomial mapping g, in the case in which it is a nondegenerate homogeneous mapping of degree d. The proof uses a generalization of the p-adic stationary phase formula and Neron p-desingularization.

Singular integrals associated to homogeneous mappings with rough kernels

In this paper, we study the L p mapping properties of singular integral operators related to homogeneous mappings with kernels belonging to certain block spaces. An example is presented to show that our condition on the kernel is nearly optimal.

Sensitivity of Homogeneity Mapping of Semiconducting Wafer Using Millimeter Waves

The homogeneity mapping by measuring the phase or the amplitude of millimeter wave reflected from or transmitted through the semiconducting wafer is considered. The sensitivity of the conductivity homogeneity mapping is determined and conditions at which conductivity inhomogeneities can be distinguished from dielectric constant inhomogeneities are established.

Sensitivity of Homogeneity Mapping of Dielectric Wafer Using Millimeter Waves

A plane electromagnetic wave normally falling on a surface of a dielectric plate has been considered to investigate the sensitivity of the dielectric constant homogeneity mapping in the dielectric wafer by measuring the phase and/or the amplitude of the millimeter wave reflected from or transmitted through it. Measurement conditions at which the highest sensitivity might be achieved are established. The sensitivity at Fabry-Perot resonance conditions as well as at frequency shifted from resonance has been considered.

Using quadtree segmentation to support error modelling in categorical raster data

This paper explores the use of quadtree segmentation of a land-cover map to improve error modelling by (1) accounting for variation in classification accuracy among differently sized homogeneous map regions and (2) improving the statistical properties of map realizations generated by sequential indicator simulation (SIS). The latter was accomplished by locating the first simulation nodes—which affect many subsequent local simulations—within the largest quadtree leaves. These represent the largest homogeneous and hypothetically most accurately classified areas on the map. A case study showed that, indeed, the overall accuracy of the land-cover map increased with the quadtree leaf size, ranging from 67% for single cells in heterogeneous areas to 98% for homogeneous blocks of 256 cells. A map of the prior probability of each land-cover class was prepared on the basis of quadtree level-specific confusion matrices. Next, two unconditional SIS algorithms were used to generate sets of 50 realizations of the map, thereby accounting for spatial continuity of the residuals between indicator-transformed reference data and the priors. The proposed quadtree-guided SIS outperformed the more common multiple-steps method as judged by the reproduction of target proportions of map categories, class-specific accuracy levels and variogram reproduction.