Homogeneous Class Research Articles

Speech Rate and Young EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension

Speech rate is one of the salient characteristics that speakers modify their speech for second or foreign language learners to gain more comprehensive input (Krashen, 1987). For young EFL learners, a slower speech rate can be a critical factor that helps them properly process linguistic input and increase self-confidence in listening comprehension. The present study investigated the effect of speech rate on listening comprehension performance among young EFL learners in Taiwan. Sixty-six junior high school students from two homogeneous classes participated in two elementary-level listening comprehension tests. All participants took the first test at the delivery rate of 116 words per minute (wpm) set by Taiwan’s General English Proficiency Test. In the second test, the two classes of participants were examined at two slower delivery rates—98 wpm and 58 wpm, respectively. Results reveal a facilitating effect of the slightly slower speech rate of 98 wpm on the participants’ listening comprehension; however, slower speech does not make a significant difference at the much slower rate of 58 wpm. The results of the study are then discussed, and implications are drawn.

Assessment of household energy utilization patterns in Uganda: A latent class analysis

This study aims to identify classes and patterns of household energy utilization and the predictive factors that determine class membership. Energy is an essential part of a household's socio-economic status. By examining the household's energy utilization patterns, we can better understand how to formulate and implement efficient strategies for adopting clean energy. This study aims at identifying homogenous classes with respect to their energy patterns in Uganda and examining predictive factors of household class membership. The study uses data on 2,138 households from the 2019/2020 Uganda National Household Survey. Using latent class analysis models, a data-driven method, the study identified four latent household classes; ‘Solar-firewood’ (41%), ‘Electricity-charcoal’ (33%), ‘Moderate energy-user’ (19%) and ‘Low energy-user’ (7%). Results from the study show that the main drivers of household energy choice for cooking and lighting were age, education level, housing conditions and wealth status of the household head. This study contributes to understanding the classes and patterns of household energy utilization patterns in Uganda. These findings may help policymakers predict which latent class a household falls into in order to guarantee efficient targeting of household energy utilization policies and strategies seeking transition to cleaner energy sources.

Local properties of fractional parabolic De Giorgi classes of order s,p

We discuss homogeneous fractional parabolic De Giorgi classes of order s,p and establish the nonlocal weak Harnack estimate with a time gap of order ϱsp, whereas the elliptic case were studied in Cozzi (2017) [4]. The proof relies on a heavy expansion of positivity in the nonlocal framework by-passing the Krylov-Safonov covering argument. Besides, we shall prove the local boundedness and the semicontinuity property. Our results come along with the De Giorgi method.

Bulleh Shah’s Anti-Orthodox Views on Self-Purification and Their Implications for Social Reforms in Punjabi Society

Bulleh Shah is regarded as a social critic and reformer, though he was not a conventional preacher, but he was a true critic of his contemporary society. Sufis aimed at ethical character reformation of the society. This article discusses the moral and ethical situation in Punjabi society of Bulleh Shah’s time and his Sufi philosophy for social reforms. Bulleh Shah reflected on the social situation of his time in his poetry. This article relates Bulleh Shah’s views regarding social reforms to the concurrent social issues in Punjabi society. Bulleh Shah focused on the real character and criticized hypocrisy and duality in pursuit of social, political, and religious aims. Punjab remained a gateway for the invading forces in India. So, the social structure in Punjab remained complex with a clear distinction between the privileged and underprivileged classes. The exploitative social order inspired pride and hollow show among the upper elite and inferiority sentiments among the least privileged classes. Bulleh Shah’s philosophy for self-purification and salvation focuses on the negation of self-pride to achieve harmony with nature and humanity in general. Punjab was not a land of homogeneous class structure, race, and religion. Here was a merger of various cultures, and people belonged to different religions. These differences were so obvious that it was difficult to extract the uniform principle on which the Punjabi identity could be constructed. Religion, caste structure, sect, and biradari all played important roles in constructing Punjabi identity. These were the critical issues of concern for the intelligentsia of that time.

PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN TINGKAT KOLABORASI SISWA MENGGUNAKAN METODE DISKUSI ANTARA KELOMPOK HOMOGEN DENGAN KELOMPOK HETEROGEN

The culture which applied to the education system in Indonesia is the grouping of students who tend to be heterogeneous. Many theories suggest that students whose learning using heterogeneous group discussion methods are better than homogeneous groups. However, there is also a claim that student who use learning methods of homogeneous group discussion is better than heterogeneous groups based on the Islamic educational system that refers to the homogeneous grouping of students. This study aims to determine the differences in learning result and the level of collaboration between homogeneous groups with heterogeneous groups and which groups are better. The kinds of this research is comparative with post-test only design. Sampling is done by purposive sampling. This research uses 2 (two) classes those are class VIII.1 consist of 27 students as homogeneous group and class VIII.2 consist of 31 students as heterogeneous group. The learning result data was taken by using test and collaboration using sheet observer. The results showed that the differences in learning result and levels of student collaboration between homogeneous groups with heterogeneous groups is 2,82 and 2,99. The result of study from homogeneous group is higher than heterogeneous group that is 73,91 equal to 61,06. The level of homogeneous group collaboration is higher than the heterogeneous group that is 66.20 equal to 57.74.

Studi Komparasi Penerapan Kelas Homogen dan Heterogen Terhadap Tingkat Motivasi Belajar Siswa

The study of the phenomenon of Indonesian educational institutions, particularly that at Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Islam Bades Pasirian Lumajang in East Java, discovered a number of phenomena, including the use of homogeneous and heterogeneous classes based on majors and gender, low learning motivation from male homogeneous students, and student learning activity dominated by female students. This study aims to ascertain how students behave in class before to, during, and after learning activities. This homogeneous class is typically used in education under the direction of the ministry of religion to place restrictions on relationships between male and female pupils in accordance with Islamic law. The paucity of classrooms that can be used for instruction and the small class size are two additional factors that are taken into account when applying it to heterogeneous classes. As can be seen from the aforementioned circumstances, scholars are interested in examining this phenomena because classroom managemen.

Analyzing Markov dependence-switching between E7 stock markets

We investigate the dependence structure among the seven emerging stock markets namely Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Korea, and Turkey for the period 2000 to 2018 by employing a dependence-switching copula model. This model allows us to investigate the tail dependence and regime shift between positive and negative correlation for bull and bear stock pairs. Our overall results show that under the negative correlation regime, only 8 out of 21 paired stock markets have asymmetric dependence, and 6 out of 21 paired stock markets have asymmetric tail dependence. Although the emerging stock markets are deemed by the global investors to be a homogenous class, these stock markets manifest varied degree of traits. Henceforth, from a portfolio diversification perspective, the global investors can exploit the diversification opportunities offered by the selected stock markets. These findings have appropriate implications from the perspective of asset pricing and risk management. The study recommends that regulators should provide a roadmap for identifying risk’s effects across the selected emerging stock markets. Moreover, policy makers should consider what further financial collaboration they intend to pursue for enabling greater accessibility to the selected emerging stock markets.

The improvement of wavelet-based multilinear regression for suspended sediment load modeling by considering the physiographic characteristics of the watershed.

The aim of this study is to model a relationship between the amount of the suspended sediment load by considering the physiographic characteristics of the Lake Urmia watershed. For this purpose, the information from different stations was used to develop the sediment estimation models. Ten physiographic characteristics were used as input parameters in the simulation process. The M5 model tree was used to select the most important features. The results showed that the four factors of annual discharge, average annual rainfall, form factor and the average elevation of the watershed were the most important parameters, and the multilinear regression models were created based on these factors. Furthermore, it was concluded that the annual discharge was the most influential parameter. Then, the stations were divided into two homogeneous classes based on the selected features. To improve the efficiency of the M5 model, the non-stationary rainfall and runoff signals were decomposed into sub-signals by the wavelet transform (WT). By this technique, the available trends of the main raw signals were eliminated. Finally, the models were developed by multilinear regressions. The model using all four factors had the best performance (DC = 0.93, RMSE = 0.03, ME = 0.05 and RE = 0.15).

Classification of watersheds in the conterminous United States using shape-based time-series clustering and Random Forests

Watershed classification is considered necessary for various purposes, including improving the transferability of streamflow information and allowing the generalization of hydrologic theories. In this paper, we proposed a classification method using shape-based time-series clustering techniques to define hydrologically homogeneous classes for a set of 638 gauged watersheds in the conterminous United States. We defined 15 distinct flow-regime classes based on standardized weekly-step mean annual hydrographs of the watersheds analyzed. Most classes showed regionality, though to various degrees. Classes in the Atlantic Coast region showed strong geographical contiguity indicating that spatial proximity may be an appropriate indicator of flow-regime similarity; but on the other hand, nearby watersheds may exhibit different intra-annual variabilities and watersheds far apart from one another may exhibit a similar flow regime. Such cases show that spatial proximity may not be used as a universal indicator of flow-regime similarity. To expand the flow-regime classification to ungauged watersheds, where no streamflow data are available, we proposed a physical-characteristic classification method using the Random Forests algorithm based on a set of physical-climatic attributes. Based on the Boruta feature-selection algorithm, attributes related to snowiness, precipitation seasonality, and green vegetation coverage stood out as the most relevant controls on regime-class memberships. By analyzing the within-class variability of the watershed attributes, we found that watersheds of the same flow-regime class may be very different in terms of individual attribute values indicating that flow-regime dis/similarity may not be equated to dis/similarity in individual watershed attributes; instead, it is the interplay among attributes that determines the streamflow behavior. Overall, methods proposed for the classification of gauged and ungauged watersheds are believed to be of value in a range of applications including selecting gauged donor watersheds for estimating historical streamflow records at ungauged watersheds.

Contributions to the Optimization of the Medicinal Plant Sorting Process into Size Classes

This study aims to optimize and assess the quality of the sorting process into homogeneous size classes of dried and chopped medicinal plants, by obtaining multivariate regression functions of polytropic and polynomial forms. Assessment of sorting quality was carried out by calculating the average coefficient of separation. The influence of several important factors (material feed rate on the sieve, sieve dimensions, sieve inclination angle, sieve oscillation frequencies) on the sorting process was followed. Research was carried out on dried nettle herb (Urtica dioica) using a plant sorter with plane sieves, which allowed for modifying some constructive and functional parameters, making it possible to obtain optimal values. The results showed that the dry nettle herb chopped in bulk at 4 mm, with a moisture of 11.45%, was optimally sorted (index of average separation coefficient, 0.922) if the following parameters were met: drive mechanism speed n = 1000 rpm; sieve inclination angle α = 12.08°; material-specific flow q = 4 kg/dm·h; recommended sieve length L = 1.4 m. It was observed that at high rates, the average coefficient of separation decreased with the decrease in the sieve drive mechanism speed, and when the inclination angle of the sieve decreased, the average coefficient of separation increased. The maximum average deviation of the average separation coefficient was 5.5% for the polytropic function. The new advanced processing technologies of medicinal plants involve the short-term production of quality-finished products, thus supporting the processors of medicinal plants and the consumers of phytotherapeutic products with beneficial effects for health.

On the influence of the trace element composition of regoliths on the labor safety of astronauts on the Moon

Introduction. The problem of using near-Earth space to meet various human needs, including the development of minerals, especially on the Moon, is becoming relevant, which increases the importance of research on occupational safety in these conditions. The study aims to research the trace element composition of regoliths in comparison with terrestrial rocks and its significance for the safety of astronauts on the lunar surface. Materials and methods. The researchers evaluated the trace element composition of the regolith by calculating the concentration coefficients and the quality drop coefficient. When identifying homogeneous classes of regoliths by concentrations of 38 chemical elements, we used computer technology to classify multidimensional observations under conditions of self-organization. Results. We know that the concentrations of many trace elements in regoliths significantly exceed their concentrations in terrestrial soils. Calculated for the Luna-16 and Luna-24 marine regoliths, as well as for Apollo-11 and Apollo-12, the quality reduction coefficient varies from 27 to 100, which corresponds to the "crisis" category. This indicates that the content of trace elements in the regolith ranges from weekly critical (27 for the Luna-16 regolith) to highly critical (100 for the Apollo-12 regolith). The researchers identified trace elements whose concentrations in lunar regoliths significantly exceed their concentrations in terrestrial soils: Cr, Be, Co, Sc, Ho, Se, Ni, Au, Ag, Er, Tm, Y, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy Yb, Lu, Cd, Zr, Sr, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu. Trace trace elements are included in the group of substances with allergenic, fibrogenic and carcinogenic effects and can have a negative impact on the health of future lunar colonists. Limitations. The authors have conducted the study for the composition of regolith on the surface of the Moon and did not cover aspects of human protection from lunar dust by space stations, structures, spacesuits and special equipment. Conclusion. When assessing the impact of environmental factors on the safety of astronauts during the colonization of the Moon, attention should be paid to the toxicological aspects of working conditions, in particular the trace element composition of regoliths and lunar dust.

Same race teachers do not necessarily raise academic achievement

Numerous studies have found that students who are of the same race as their teacher experience increased academic achievement. In this paper, I attempt to explain when these benefits occur and which students are most likely to achieve the largest gains. Using exogenous variation in student–teacher matches and classroom composition from Tennessee’s Project STAR experiment, I find that below average achieving students benefit most from having a teacher of the same race, but the benefits from matching can be substantially reduced in smaller classes. Moreover, the effect is decreased in racially homogeneous classes where the teacher is the majority race.

Machine Learning-based Seismic Fragility Curves for RC Bridge Piers

A significant part of ongoing studies in the field of earthquake engineering is directed toward the seismic risk assessment of buildings and infrastructures at a territorial scale. This task is usually accomplished by grouping the structures into homogenous classes in terms of typology, for which seismic fragility curves are then obtained for different limit states via numerical simulations or from the statistical analysis of observational data when available. Particularly, the development of typological fragility curves for bridges under earthquake is useful for assessing the reliability and resilience of transportation networks in seismic areas and can be also effective decision-making support. Within this framework, the proposed study establishes a machine learning-based paradigm for the closed-form prediction of the main statistical parameters required to obtain relevant seismic fragility curves for reinforced concrete bridge piers. Initially, a huge training dataset has been obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and displacement-based bridge pier assessments by assuming data representative of the Italian highway transportation network. Next, symbolic nonlinear regression formulae for estimating the main statistical parameters of seismic fragility curves have been generated. With the aid of those formulae, the effort of calculating the seismic fragility curves is greatly reduced since the corresponding main statistical parameters can be directly calculated from a set of commonly available attributes. Therefore, the proposed study provides a helpful tool for the rapid preliminary assessment of damage and risk level of existing highway transportation networks exposed to seismic hazards.

Pushover analysis of rocking façades in masonry churches: the role of friction and geometry in identifying homogeneous classes of vulnerability

The out-of-plane failure of façades is one of the most typical local mechanisms in masonry churches recognizable in the aftermath of a seismic event. The analysis of such a failure is addressed in this paper with reference to a small sample of existing masonry churches hit by the seismic event of 21st August 2017 in the Ischia Island (Italy). The main aim is to assess the influence of the geometric parameters of the façades and of the interlocked sidewalls on the vulnerability of the façades to out-of-plane mechanisms, using nonlinear static analysis. According to the displacement-based approach, the pushover analysis is carried out considering the geometric nonlinearity, namely by evaluating the static multiplier for varied kinematic configurations, and by means of a macro-block model involving the stabilising contribution of frictional resistances exerted by the sidewalls of the churches. In order to develop seismic assessments, the seismic demand is represented by ADRS (acceleration-displacement response spectra) for different limit states, obtained according to the Italian seismic code. Then, the capacity is compared with the seismic demand in terms of both forces and displacements and the relevant influence of the frictional resistances and of some geometric parameters on the response are highlighted. Finally, the capacity curves are critically discussed in order to identify ‘a posteriori’ homogeneous classes of façades within the examined sample in terms of vulnerability and to develop future statistical analyses and fragility curves for the individuated homogeneous classes.

Spatiotemporal structure of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) from the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean based on otolith micro-chemistry

Though the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) is considered to be migratory, the species is nevertheless thought to be locally overexploited in the northwest Indian Ocean. At the regional level, this local depletion is a major concern for food security. As the population structure and connectivity between sub-populations are poorly understood for this species, we examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel via elemental concentrations (P, Mg, Sr and Ba) along otolith transects using LA-ICPMS for samples from 6 sites: Egypt, Djibouti North and South, Somalia, Mozambique and South Africa. For homogeneous size class samples (70–90 cm), otolith chemical signatures immediately preceding capture were used to accurately group individuals sharing a spatial proximity and/or season of capture. Notable differences in otolith edge signatures were found among individuals from north and south of the equator and contrasting cluster compositions from nearby sites in the Gulf of Aden of individuals captured in summer versus winter. Otolith core chemistry identified two spawning chemical compositions. The first common composition was characterized by relatively high concentrations of Sr and lower concentrations of P, Ba and Mg. The second less common spawning chemical composition was particularly rich in P, Ba and Mg and corresponded primarily to individuals caught off Mozambique, Somalia and Djibouti. These results are broadly consistent on one hand with patterns of water mass circulation in the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean and on the other hand with the observed spawning seasons. Though further research using, for example, archival tagging is needed to clarify the mechanisms behind these patterns, these results reveal the potential of otolith chemistry to provide insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel.

In the Waiting Line

Our societies are built around waiting. At the bus stop, at the doctor's, in a store, in government offices, on the phone for help, this exercise in patience structures our lives. It is so prevalent that we forget that it affects us daily. Waiting is also unequal. The rich wait less than the poor: they see their requests granted immediately, while the latter defer their wants, often for a long time, sometimes indefinitely. It is a way of demonstrating that one person's time is more important than that of someone else who is being kept waiting; it is to wield power. And yet, even among the elite, it is sometimes necessary to wait. Achieving political power takes time, sometimes a lot of time. A recent study by Étienne Ollion (2021), which serves as the basis for this visual essay, showed that to become a Member of Parliament, it takes years, sometimes decades, of prior involvement in politics. Hence, the idea of representing the path to the top of the power pyramid as a long queue. The image is compelling. It is also a useful means for grasping a series of phenomena at play in politics. The existence of such a queue imposes a selection process that favors certain profiles and excludes others. Because they skew representation in favor of the upper classes, and because they also increase the discriminatory nature of the political field, waiting lines act as a filter. The essay describes the various stages at which the filter is imposed. It also has a homogenizing effect: because it socializes those who wait in it, the queue makes individuals more alike—in their ways of thinking, speaking, and even dressing. Toward the end of the essay, we see that individuals increasingly come to resemble one another. Finally, the queue individualizes: because it pits people against each other for the few available positions, it encourages self-serving strategies and betrayal. Thus, it is no surprise that they are over-represented at the summits of the Palais Bourbon (home to France's National Assembly). Conversely, members of the working classes, who represent half of the active population, are virtually absent at the top. In the Waiting Line is a visual essay that seeks to describe contemporary politics through the device of a queue. Through a stylized form it illustrates the various mechanisms that produce the homogeneous political class that governs us. The essay makes use of the format provided by .able to convey its process-driven nature, while deliberately emphasizing its stylized aspect. Based on politics, this study aims to draw attention to the everyday mechanisms that discreetly guide our practices. In the Waiting Line is produced using the scroll.able format, adapted to the highly interdisciplinary nature of the project. Indeed, visual art and design (Dimitri Charrel, Lorène Gaydon) are necessary for creating the dynamic means of representing these social organizations, which sociologist Étienne Ollion analyzed in his most recent book.

Декомпозиційне видобування та пошук концептуальних знань

An ability to extract hidden and implicit knowledge, their integration into a knowledge base, and then retrieval of required knowledge items are important features of knowledge processing for many modern knowledge-based systems. However, the complexity of these tasks depends on the size of knowledge sources, which were used for extraction, the size of a knowledge base, which is used for the integration of extracted knowledge, as well as the size of a search space, which is used for the retrieval of required knowledge items. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the internal semantic dependencies of homogeneous classes of objects and how they affect the decomposition of such classes. Since all subclasses of a homogeneous class of objects form a complete lattice, we applied the methods of formal concept analysis for the knowledge extraction and retrieval within the corresponding concept lattice. We found that such an approach does not consider internal semantic dependencies within a homogeneous class of objects, consequently, it can cause inference and retrieval of formal concepts, which are semantically inconsistent within a modeled domain. We adapted the algorithm for the decomposition of homogeneous classes of objects, within such knowledge representation model as object-oriented dynamic networks, to perform dynamic knowledge extraction and retrieval, adding additional filtration parameters. As the result, the algorithm extracts knowledge via constructing only semantically consistent subclasses of homogeneous classes of objects and then filters them according to the attribute and dependency queries, retrieving knowledge. In addition, we introduced the decomposition consistency coefficient, which allows estimation of how much the algorithm can reduce the search space for knowledge extraction and improves the performance. To demonstrate some possible application scenarios for the improved algorithm, we provided an appropriate example of knowledge extraction and retrieval via decomposition of a particular homogeneous class of objects.

Gender Differences: Students' science process skills based on gender homogeneous class

The purpose of this study was to describe the ability of students' science process skills based on indicators, and to find out whether there were differences in students' science process skills based on gender homogeneous classes. This study was qualitative research with descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. Data collection was conducted at SMPN 9 Muaro Jambi with a population of all eighth grade students, and the research sample was 60 students consisting of 28 male students and 32 female students from 2 sample classes. The instrument used in this study was a science process skill observation sheet. The data processing technique used was descriptive statistics. The results show that, first, the science process skills of male and female students are in the good category based on basic and integrated science process skills indicated by the score of higher than 50% on each indicator. Secondly, there were also no differences in the science process skills between male students and and female students.

Sandwich Theorems for a New Class of Complete Homogeneous Symmetric Functions by Using Cyclic Operator

In this paper, we discuss and introduce a new study on the connection between geometric function theory, especially sandwich theorems, and Viete’s theorem in elementary algebra. We obtain some conclusions for differential subordination and superordination for a new formula of complete homogeneous symmetric functions class involving an ordered cyclic operator. In addition, certain sandwich theorems are found.

İlkokullarda Yetiştirme Programı (İYEP) Sürecinde Görev Alan Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Programa Yönelik Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

The purpose of this study is to evaluate IYEP, which has been implemented throughout the country since the academic year of 2018-2019, based on the opinions of teachers. The sample of the study, which was planned as qualitative research and conducted in case study design, consisted of 10 classroom teachers who worked in the province of Bartın and implemented the program during 2019-2020 academic year. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview form and analyzed through the content analysis method. The findings have revealed that the classroom teachers participating in the study think that the program has had a positive effect on student achievement and especially helped students participate in classroom activities, gain self-confidence and feel the sense of achievement more, which supported students’ self-improvement. The general problems of the process indicated by the teachers are problems arising from the implementation hour on weekdays, arrival and departure times of commuting students, inadequate information of parents about the program, common instruction for students with different levels, problems in meeting nutritional needs of students especially during the courses on weekdays, and teachers’ lack of knowledge about the student. Furthermore, the suggestions for the development of the program include organizing IYEP introductory events for teachers, parents and students at the beginning of the academic year, starting the program from the 2nd grade and continuing throughout the primary school education, separating the activity books as modular books and diversifying the materials, reducing the number of students in the classrooms and focusing on individual studies, planning the program in a way that includes transportation at the weekend, creating more homogeneous classes, and carrying out more studies for the psychosocial support dimension of the program.