U As the arts of any society reflect the attitudes of that society, so it is also true that those arts, by reinforcing the attitudes, have a distinctly rigidifying effect on them. The artistic expression of ideas, generally coming after the ideas, embodies them in a visible form which tends to expand their currency. This principle is nowhere more evident than in the effects of modern architecture on family life and its tendency to reinforce the crowd psychology of modern American life. When Frank Lloyd Wright began his experiments with plastic space in the I89o's, the majority of the American people lived in homes with box-type rooms. In these rooms specialized activities, such as dining, piano playing, studying, and sleeping, were enclosed. The inhabitants, by the simple process of closing a door, shut out all other people and all other activities than the ones in which they were interested. Whether for good or for ill, the narrow, often gloomy, box-type of home architecture encouraged separateness, an awareness of the individual as an isolate, living a life turned inward, protected by a closing of doors. It was a type of building which reinforced the individualism of what David Riesman has called the innerdirected man. Within those narrow, box cells adolescents fought out their rebellions against parental authority, contrived inventions, wrote