Homicide Research Articles

The effectiveness of treatment depending on an adherence to dispensary observation and antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection

Aim. Determination of the causes of deaths and analysis of the survival of people living with HIV, depending on an adherence to dispensary observation and treatment. Materials and methods. The analysis of socio-demographic characteristics and clinical and laboratory data of 284 adult HIV patients observed in 1999–2011 at the Lomonosov Interdistrict Hospital named after I. N. Yudchenko was carried out. Patients who followed the prescribed monitoring regimen (at least 2 times a doctor’s visit during the year) were considered committed to dispensary supervision. Patients who observed the regularity and continuity of monitoring and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were considered committed to treatment. Among the patients included in the study, 115 people were committed to treatment or follow-up and 169 patients were non-committed. Objective (biological) indicators of adherence and effectiveness of treatmentwere the number of CD4 lymphocytes and the level of HIV viral load. Based on the method of comparing survival curves, factors related to the life expectancy of HIV patients were assessed, taking into account the gender of patients, their adherence to monitoring and treatment, indicators of HIV viral load and the number of CD4 lymphocytes and the outcome of the disease from the moment of registration at the dispensary and over the next 120 months (after 3 months, 6 months, 1.5 years, 2 years, 5, 7 and 10 years). Results and discussion. Significant differences were found in the survival curves of patients who received and did not receive ART (117.9 and 91.4 months, p<0.005) and patients who were committed and non-committed to therapy (116.9 and 83.8 months, p<0.005). Regardless of adherence to outpatient follow-up and therapy, the survival time of women compared to men for the entire follow-up period was longer (105.0 and 92.4 months, respectively, p<0.005). Among those committed to treatment, 21% of patients died due to concomitant somatic pathology, 5% from injuries incompatible with life. In the group of those committedto follow–up, the causes of deaths in 12% were various somatic pathology, brain lymphoma — in 1% and injuries incompatible with life — in 3% of cases. The highest mortality rates were recorded among patients who were not exposed to ART (71%) and the routine of follow-up (52%). Almost half of these patients (49%) died from secondary HIV infections, of which 85% of cases were posthumously diagnosed with tuberculosis, mainly the pulmonary form of the disease. The second most common cause of death was violent death, including drug poisoning. Conclusion. Regular dispensary observation, timely initiation of ART and adherence to therapy make it possible to control the disease, prevent the development of opportunistic pathology, and improve the quality and life expectancy of patients with HIV infection. Despite the increased availability of ART and strategies for active involvement and retention of patients in dispensary care, issues of patient adherence to therapy remain key in the management of HIV patients.

EXPLORING THE DAILY HORRORS OF LIFE IN IRAQ THROUGH FRANKENSTEIN IN BAGHDAD

Iraqi writer Ahmed Saadawi's 2014 International Arabic Fiction Prize–winning book Frankenstein in Baghdad is the subject of this article. I contend that Saadawi identifies the origins of the terrorism.Since the United States took over the country. Rooted in terror is apprehension. Judith Butler describes the current state of affairs as "a precarious life," where the threat of violent death is ever present, and the breakdown of central authority has released the monster of fear.Furthermore, new Iraqi actors' power struggles breed egotism, demagogy, and exploitation. Recognizing that everyone is responsible is an essential theme throughout the book. A possible escape from the horrors of the civil war and slaughter would be possible if people would only accept responsibility for their actions and recognize that no one is ultimately a victim or a perpetrator.

Homicide in Global Extremes: Exploring the Feasibility of EHM-Based Analysis in Finland and South Africa

Homicide remains a major cause of death globally. The global risk differentials are a persistent public health challenge. Africa’s homicide rate of 13 victims per 100,000 people is markedly higher than the European average (2.2 per 100,000 people). To understand the causes of such large differences, homicide research needs to move from country-level rates to disaggregated analyses in which homicide is broken down by victim, offender, and incident characteristics. We conducted a pilot study in which the European Homicide Monitor (EHM) coding manual is applied to a South African research location and compared to an extreme point in the Global North, Finnish urban areas. We find differential patterns in the two locations. The high-rate context of South Africa manifests a younger offender and victim age structure, a higher share of criminal and revenge motives and the use of firearms, and incidents in public places. In contrast, the comparatively low-rate Finnish context shows a higher relative share of intimate partner violence and familial incidents taking place in private places. The role of alcohol and drugs appears more salient in Finnish urban homicide, a finding calling for replication. We conclude by discussing the methodological challenges revealed by the pilot comparison.

Foliar-Applied Lithium And Its Effect On Morpho-Physiological Behavior And The Elemental Composition Of Lettuce

ABSTRACT Lithium (Li) intake is insufficient in many countries of the world. Low dietary intake of Li is associated with many psycho-behavioral disorders (e.g., increased suicide and homicide rates, aggressive behaviors, unipolar/bipolar disorders, and acute mania). Agronomic biofortification is a good strategy to increase Li intake in the human diet. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Li foliar application on the biofortification of two lettuce cultivars, as well as its influence on morpho-physiological characteristics and elemental composition. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme with four replicates. Two curly lettuce cultivars (SVR 2005 and Solaris) were treated with five levels of Li (0, 16, 32, 48, and 64 g ha−1) applied via foliar under semi-controlled conditions. Both cultivars showed higher Li content and accumulation with the application of 64 g ha−1of Li. For the Solaris cultivar, the supply of 37 g ha−1of Li guarantees the consumption of approximately 30% of the daily Li recommendation. The morpho-physiological characteristics of the Solaris and SVR 2005 cultivars presented positive results with the application of between 20 and 41 g ha−1of Li. The content of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) was altered by the foliar application of Li. The results obtained in this study show that the application of Li via leaves, under semi-controlled conditions, is an efficient strategy to biofortify lettuce and provide Li in the human diet. However, attention must be paid to the contents of macro and micronutrients in lettuce.

Homicide or Happiness: Did Folate Fortification and Public Health Campaigns Influence Homicide Rates and the Great American Crime Decline?

The last several years have witnessed a remarkable growth in research directed at nutrition and behavior, with increased interest in the field of nutritional criminology. It is becoming clear that dietary patterns and specific nutrients play an important role in cognition and behavior, including those related to aggression, violence, and antisocial activity. Included in this expanding knowledge base is the recognition that folate, through multiple pathways, including enzymatic reactions and gut microbiome ecology, plays a critical role in central nervous system functioning. These mechanistic advances allow for a retrospective analysis of a topic that remains unexplained-the sudden and unpredicted drop in homicide and other violent crime rates in the United States and other nations in the 1990s. Here, we revisit this marked reduction in homicide rates through the lens of the coincident public health campaign (and subsequent mandatory fortification) to increase folic acid intake. Based on objectively measured blood folate levels through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, there is little doubt that tissue folate witnessed a dramatic rise at the national level from 1988 through 2000. Drawing from accumulated and emerging research on the neurobehavioral aspects of folate, it is our contention that this relatively sudden and massive increase in tissue folate levels may have contributed to reductions in violent crime in the United States.

Breaking the news of the violent death of a close person to children under 18 years of age: A qualitative interview study

Children who lose a close person to suicide or homicide will most likely receive this news from a carer. The caregiver’s personal beliefs and approaches to addressing the topic will influence the child. A total of 10 interviews were conducted with carers of children aged 0–17 years, and the data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were developed, exploring: (1) how carers attempted to manage the task of delivering the news of death to the child and discussing it using careful wording; (2) how some carers’ desire to protect the child from the truth hindered honesty and open conversations; (3) how and why some carers deliberately challenged societal taboos; and (4) how external influences prompted conversations about the topic. The discussion projects potential consequences for the children and their families. It also derives necessary societal changes, support measures, and further research suggestions.

Public sector corruption is fertile ground for conspiracy beliefs: A comparison between 26 Western and non‐Western countries

AbstractObjectiveResearch on conspiracy theories has mainly focused on psychosocial and sociodemographic factors associated with conspiracy beliefs. Little is known about factors at the nation level that provide a breeding ground for conspiracist thinking. However, an interesting finding emerges from recent international comparisons: people living in countries with a highly corrupt public sector seem to be more likely to endorse conspiracy theories. The present study aims to replicate this finding with new data.MethodsWe investigate the relationship between corruption and conspiracy beliefs across 26 Western and non‐Western countries through multiple linear regression analyses and conditional inference trees. In addition to the corruption level of these countries, our statistical models include other nation‐level factors known to be associated with the prevalence of conspiracy beliefs, namely, their levels of democracy, freedom of the press, social threat (unemployment and homicide rates), economic inequality, and human development (life expectancy, standard of living, and education).ResultsOur analyses confirm a robust link between public sector corruption and conspiracy beliefs that remains significant when controlling for these other factors.ConclusionWe suggest that public sector corruption is fertile ground for conspiracy theories because it makes them less implausible to the public.

Patterns of stressful life events and polygenic scores for five mental disorders and neuroticism among adults with depression.

The dominant ('general') version of the diathesis-stress theory of depression views stressors and genetic vulnerability as independent risks. In the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (N = 14,146; 75% female), we tested whether polygenic scores (PGS) for major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, ADHD, and neuroticism were associated with reported exposure to 32 childhood, past-year, lifetime, and accumulated stressful life events (SLEs). In false discovery rate-corrected models, the clearest PGS-SLE relationships were for the ADHD- and depression-PGSs, and to a lesser extent, the anxiety- and schizophrenia-PGSs. We describe the associations for childhood and accumulated SLEs, and the 2-3 strongest past-year/lifetime SLE associations. Higher ADHD-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect; ORs = 1.09-1.14; p's < 1.3 × 10-5), more accumulated SLEs, and reported exposure to sudden violent death (OR = 1.23; p = 3.6 × 10-5), legal troubles (OR = 1.15; p = 0.003), and sudden accidental death (OR = 1.14; p = 0.006). Higher depression-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (ORs = 1.07-1.12; p's < 0.013), more accumulated SLEs, and severe human suffering (OR = 1.17; p = 0.003), assault with a weapon (OR = 1.12; p = 0.003), and living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 1.11; p = 0.001). Higher anxiety-PGS was associated with childhood emotional abuse (OR = 1.08; p = 1.6 × 10-4), more accumulated SLEs, and serious accident (OR = 1.23; p = 0.004), physical assault (OR = 1.08; p = 2.2 × 10-4), and transportation accident (OR = 1.07; p = 0.001). Higher schizophrenia-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (ORs = 1.12-1.19; p's < 9.3-8), more accumulated SLEs, and severe human suffering (OR = 1.16; p = 0.003). Higher neuroticism-PGS was associated with living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 1.09; p = 0.007) and major financial troubles (OR = 1.06; p = 0.014). A reversed pattern was seen for the bipolar-PGS, with lower odds of reported physical assault (OR = 0.95; p = 0.014), major financial troubles (OR = 0.93; p = 0.004), and living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 0.92; p = 0.007). Genetic risk for several mental disorders influences reported exposure to SLEs among adults with moderately severe, recurrent depression. Our findings emphasise that stressors and diatheses are inter-dependent and challenge diagnosis and subtyping (e.g., reactive/endogenous) based on life events.

Who are the “police” in “police violence”? Fatal violence by U.S. law enforcement agencies across levels of government

BackgroundPolice violence is increasingly recognized as an urgent public health problem. Basic questions about police violence, however, remain unanswered, including which types of law enforcement agency are responsible for fatal police violence deaths.MethodsWe estimated the proportion of police violence deaths in the U.S. (2013–2022) that were attributable to local, county, state, federal, or tribal police agencies, using mapping police violence data. We examined proportions overall, by decedent race/ethnicity, and by state.ResultsNationally, 60% of decedents were killed by municipal, 29% by county, 8% by state, and 3% by federal, police, with < 1% killed by tribal or other officers. These proportions varied by race/ethnicity, with 56% of Native American decedents killed by municipal police compared to 70–75% among other racially minoritized people. While municipal police were responsible for most deaths in most states, in the Southeast, county police predominated. In some Northeastern states (and Alaska), state police were responsible for > 40% of deaths.ConclusionsWe identify wide geographic & racial/ethnic variation in the agencies responsible for fatal police violence. Findings suggest that the budgetary and infrastructural shifts required to prevent fatal police violence need to occur at multiple levels of government.

Experimental use of pig cadavers to locate homicide victim in a large river

The transport of full body human remains in fluvial environments has few published examples to guide recovery efforts. The decomposition stage, flow environment, water temperature and river morphology can all interact to affect the rate and distance deceased human bodies will travel, and case studies or experimental efforts are rare. In this case report, we provide an experimental deployment of pig carcasses to emulate a real homicide event where a body was dropped into a large 7th order Northern Great Plains river to guide recovery of the victims remains. Two pigs were deployed, one wrapped in a tarp to reflect the victim’s circumstances and the other uncovered in a time period and flow condition comparable to what was known of the homicide. The results of the transport are reported, along with the successful recovery of the victim’s remains near one of the pig cadavers. Although small in scope and un-replicated, this case study should be a valuable contribution to knowledge of full body human fluvial taphonomy in the future and help inform future search efforts of comparable systems.

Suicidal Tendency and Impulsivity and Integrative Self-knowledge Among the Adult Population

Background: According to the World Health Organization, almost half of violent deaths globally are due to suicide. Development in effective prevention of suicide requires a better understanding of the potential processes underlying suicidal ideation and behavior. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between impulsivity with integrative self-knowledge and suicidal ideation in the adult population of Zahedan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 422 adults aged 20 years and older. The Beck scale for suicidal ideation, Barrat impulsiveness, and integrative self-knowledge scales were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: The results showed that impulsivity had a direct and significant relationship with a suicidal tendency. According to the results of stepwise regression analysis, the impulsivity variable explained 0.03% of the suicidal ideation variance, and self-knowledge could explain 0.11% of the suicidal tendency variance. Conclusions: In general, the obtained findings are consistent with the theory that impulsivity as a risk factor and cohesive self-awareness as a protective factor are associated with suicidal ideation and can be used as a step forward in finding useful solutions to prevent suicide. It is suggested that the results be evaluated prospectively in larger samples with a higher risk of suicide.

Relationships of State Alcohol Policy Environments With Homicides and Suicides

IntroductionAlcohol use is involved in a large proportion of homicides and suicides each year in the United States, but there is limited evidence on how policies targeting alcohol influence violence in the U.S. context. Extant studies generally focus on individual policies in isolation of each other. This study examines of the effects of changes in states’ alcohol policy restrictions on overall homicide and suicide rates and firearm-related homicide and suicide rates using a holistic measure of states’ alcohol policy environments. MethodsUsing a composite measure of state-level alcohol policies (Alcohol Policy Scale) and data from the National Vital Statistics System from 2002 to 2018, this study applied a Bayesian time series model to estimate the effects of alcohol policy changes on overall and firearm-involved homicide and suicide rates. The analysis was performed in 2023 and 2024. ResultsA one standard deviation change in the Alcohol Policy Scale was associated with a 6 percent decline in homicide rates both overall (IRR=0.94; 95-percent credibility interval = [0.89, 1.00]) and for firearm homicides specifically (IRR=0.94, 95-percent CI=[0.88, 1.01]). There was no clear association of alcohol policy with suicides. The model predicts that a nationwide increase in alcohol restrictions equivalent to a shift from the 25th to 75th percentile of the scale's distribution would result in almost 1200 fewer homicides annually. ConclusionsIncreases in the restrictiveness of state-level alcohol policies are associated with reductions in homicides. More restrictive alcohol policy environments may offer an opportunity to reduce homicides.

Violences et maltraitances intrafamiliales (conjugales, infantiles et sur personnes âgées) : aspects épidémiologiques et approche psychopathologique

Intra-familial violence and abuse includes domestic violence that is not specifically identified as violence against women, abuse and violence against children or elderly relatives. This article provides a legal definition of the notions of violence and abuse. Abuse is virtually inseparable from the notion of vulnerability, which appeared in the 1994 Penal Code in France. The present article summarizes current epidemiological data in France and worldwide and highlights the obvious underestimation of domestic violence both in France and in other parts of the world. One French survey reported that in 1997, 50,000 women were victims of rape and more recently, that 225,000 women had reported being victims of domestic violence. In 2021, there were 143 murders in the context of domestic violence, 85% of which involved women. The mechanisms of this violence are usually described as consisting of 4 cyclic phases alternating between a climate of tension, aggression, disempowerment, and remission (repentance on the part of the perpetrator). From a psychodynamic viewpoint, the phenomenon of ascendancy, initially conceptualized by Freud, makes it possible to understand the submission of the victim towards the aggressor. This phenomenon can lead to the inability of the perpetrator to recognize the otherness of the other (the victim). Systemic approaches recall the notion of circular causality, making the victim part of the system without denying the responsibility for his acts on the part of the perpetrator. The consequences are usually very negative representations of self for the victim and an increased dependence toward the aggressor. The judicial and clinical world has for several years advocated dealing with perpetrators of conjugal violence by issuing an injunction to submit to treatment. This can also include victims who consent to these therapeutic proposals. Child abuse in France involved more than 35,000 children in 2018. In 80% of the cases, the perpetrators were one of the victim's parents. The abuse ranged from psychological violence (about 30%) to sexual violence (3.6%). Globally, the prevalence of physical violence against children was estimated to concern from 5 to 35% of children in 2014. Fifteen to 30% of girls versus 5 to 15% of boys are thought to have suffered some form of sexual violence. The tender age of the child is the first risk factor, given that 50% of violent deaths in 2011 concerned subjects under the age of four months. From a psychodynamic perspective, child abuse and violence induce trauma with lasting effects on the personality. Several authors mention resulting attachment disorders and behaviors similar to the Stockholm syndrome. Furthermore, in the neurosciences, repeated trauma is considered to lead to disruption between warning neuroanatomical structures and memorization structures, preventing the memorization of events as representations in a space-time continuum, and retaining them only as a strong stress signal. In addition to violent deaths and immediate traumatic facial injuries, this abuse leads to precarious physical and mental health throughout life. The abuse of older people has become a fact of society worldwide. This phenomenon potentially affects 141,000,000 people worldwide and nearly 7000 people in France. The victims are most often women, widows, and dependents and with some financial resources. The perpetrators are often reported to be exhausted caregivers, but this does not explain the frequency of abuse involving money. Prosecutions after the facts are reported are rare. There is an obvious, underestimation of intra-familial violence both in France and globally, whether this relates to the problems involved in reporting such incidents, or to the ambiguous definitions attributed to abuse. This article underlines how violence against the elderly is less often reported to the courts than those against women and children. Finally, the authors propose a psychopathological approach, neuroscientific insights and therapeutic perspectives on intra-family violence and abuse.

Grave Preaching: Homiletical Violence in the Face of Grief

The myth of the African American's ability to separate ourselves from our pain was born amidst the unprecedented violence and innumerable deaths of the Transatlantic Slave trade. It continued throughout the three centuries of enslavement of people of African descent in America. In America, there is still a societal, as well as medical, expectation, that African Americans avoid deep acknowledgment of trauma, grief, and mourning. In an ecology of massive and ongoing health disparities (resulting in death) and sustained violence against African Americans, some African American preachers, and the churches they pastor, abide treatment of grief as a matter that should be given limited attention and moved beyond quickly. A combination of historical research and qualitative ethnography was used to identify past and present-day practices. A series of in-person interviews provided revelations as well as affirmation of the impact of these preaching and pastoral practices. Among African Americans interviewed and studied who experience preaching and the type of pastoral care that supports “a theology of expedient mourning,” many shared that their church did not provide the space and support needed to adequately grieve their losses. My research revealed how the notion of truncated bereavement has influenced harsher realities beyond the walls of the church, even to the hallways of corporate America. A modified proclamation about the importance of adequate support during individual as well as communal grief and mourning is needed for survivors to (re)consider the African American church a place of refuge and healing.

Comparing the interactions of risk factors by method of suicide among veterans: A moderated network analysis approach.

Despite the well-established link between firearm access and suicide, less is known about other variables that may influence the risk for death by self-inflicted gunshot versus other methods of suicide. As individual factors have demonstrated limited predictive ability, scholars have called for studies that consider the multifaceted relations between myriad variables. One alternative to the typical cause-and-effect approach for investigating various forms of psychopathology is network analysis. However, few studies have applied this method to suicidal outcomes, particularly in the context of a veteran population. Data from 19,234 male veteran suicide decedents (89.1% White; Mage = 57.16, SD = 18.64) acquired from the National Violent Death Reporting System were used to investigate characteristics of veteran suicide decedents who died by self-inflicted gunshot (gun; 66.4%) versus alternative methods (nongun, e.g., poisoning, hanging; 33.5%). Results of the overall moderated network model indicated that veterans in the gun group were more likely to have a physical health problem that contributed to the suicide than veterans in the nongun group. Additionally, results of the moderated network model revealed several pairs of associated circumstances whose relationships were significantly moderated by method of suicide, the three strongest of which included having a physical health problem that contributed to the suicide. Overall, results suggest that public health prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing the overall burden of physical health problems among male veterans may mitigate the risk of firearm suicides. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Who is killing South African men? A retrospective descriptive study of forensic and police investigations into male homicide

Not much is known about the perpetrators of male homicide in South Africa, which has rates seven times the global average. For the country’s first ever male homicide study we...

Cases of homicide in Senegal in medicolegal autopsies during the period from 2017 to 2021

Introduction: In case of death by homicide or suspicious death, unidentified deceased bodies, a judicial procedure is opened and a requisition for an autopsy is systematically requested from the medical examiner, whose purpose is to identify the causes and circumstances of death. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiological and medico-legal aspects of violent deaths by homicides involving a medico-legal obstacle in Senegal. Methodology: Our study was carried out in public hospital structures in Senegal. This is a retrospective study based on data collected in judicial requisitions, autopsy reports and in registers from January 2017 to December 2021. It concerned all cases of death that have benefited from a forensic autopsy following a judicial requisition. Results: During the study period, violent deaths constituted the most represented forensic form with 53.4% of autopsies performed, ahead of natural deaths with 42.4%. The average age of the deceased subjects was 37 years with a male predominance in 242 cases (78%).The place of death or discovery of the corpse was in Rural Dakar .Violent deaths by homicides accounted for 12.5% of cases. Thus, in the cases of homicides, intentional assault and wounding by a knife were in the foreground with 71.2% followed by infanticide 15%. Conclusion: Homicide deaths are violent deaths that represent a public health problem due to unemployment, poverty and economic crises. Thus, the information collected from forensic sources provides information about the victims, the causes and circumstances of death. Improving the collection of data on the perpetrators of homicides requires detailed databases on homicides during investigations and after judicial sanctions , to have a more complete overview of homicide profiles and homicide prevention strategies at national level.

Violent deaths during and after the pandemic in Colombia

El artículo evalúa las muertes violentas durante y después de la pandemia de covid-19 usando un análisis de aprendizaje automático y de redes neuronales. Para ello, se utilizaron los datos registrados por la Policía Nacional sobre homicidios entre marzo de 2020 y junio de 2023. A partir de esos datos, se calcularon los perfiles de muertes violentas durante la pandemia (comprendida entre marzo de 2020 y diciembre de 2021) y en la pospandemia (es decir, entre enero de 2022 y junio de 2023). Luego, se llevó a cabo un análisis comparativo entre estos dos periodos y se usó una red neuronal de doble capa para clasificar y predecir futuras muertes violentas con una tasa de precisión del 100%.

Jealousy as a correlate of intimate partner homicide-suicide versus homicide-only cases: National Violent Death Reporting System, 2016-2020.

The objective of this study was to compare jealousy as a correlate of intimate partner homicide-suicide cases to homicide-only cases using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), a state-based surveillance system maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Jealousy is categorized as jealous feelings or distress over a current or former intimate partner's relationship or suspected relationship with another person. NVDRS data from a 5-year period (2016-2020) was used to estimate frequencies and identify significant differences in jealousy and other sociodemographic, mental health, relationship, and incident-related correlates of intimate partner homicide-suicide compared to homicide-only cases. Cases were included if they involved an intimate partner single homicide or a single homicide followed by suicide. The study sample included 5335 cases (intimate partner homicide-suicide n = 1402; homicide-only n = 3933). A significantly higher percentage of intimate partner homicide-suicide cases reported jealousy preceding the event (9%) compared to homicide-only cases (6%). Compared with homicide-only cases, homicide-suicide cases had 3.5 greater odds of recording jealousy as a precipitating event. Findings suggest that intimate partner homicide-suicide cases are distinct from homicide-only cases both in terms of individual- and incident-level and situational factors, including the presence of jealousy.

Статистический анализ зависимости уровня преступности от уровня жизни населения на примере России и Китая

The relationship between the standard of living and the level of crime has been repeatedly studied in different countries at different stages of their development. In the article, two countries are chosen as the object of study, in which in recent decades there has been an increase in the standard of living of the population – Russia and China. For these coun-tries, the most characteristic and unified indicators were selected as dependent and independent variables, data for the last 30 years were collected and analyzed. The study examined the dynamics of all selected indicators over a long peri-od. The study established a connection between the crime rate (the number of victims of intentional homicides per 100,000 population) and the standard of living (HDI and its components) in both countries. For each country, regression models were built that reflect the quantitative characteristics of these dependencies. Additionally, the connection between the crime level in the Russian Federation and the differentiation of the population by income level has been studied.