Home Registration Research Articles

The influence of care home registration type and size on senior care leader’s confidence to provide palliative and end-of-life care: an explanatory sequential mixed methods study

BackgroundCare home staff are key providers of palliative and end-of-life care. Yet, little is known about how care home characteristics can influence care leader’s confidence in their ability to provide optimal palliative and end-of-life care.AimTo understand the influence of care home registration type (nursing, residential or dual registered) and size on senior care leader’s confidence to provide palliative and end-of-life care.DesignAn explanatory sequential mixed methods study comprising an online cross-sectional survey (including the Palliative Care Self-Efficacy Scale) and qualitative individual interviews. Analysis of survey data used a multivariate logistic regression and qualitative interview data used Framework Analysis. A ‘Following the Thread’ method was undertaken for data integration.Setting/participantsUK care home senior care leaders, purposively sampled by registration type, size and geographical location.ResultsThe online survey (N = 107) results indicated that nursing home senior care leaders had higher confidence scores on the Palliative Care Self-Efficacy Scale than residential care home leaders (aOR: 3.85, 95% CI 1.20-12.31, p = 0.02). Care home size did not show effect when adjusting for registration type (medium - aOR 1.71, 95% CI 0.59–4.97, p = 0.33; large – aOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.18–2.30, p = 0.5). Interviews (n = 27) identified three themes that promote confidence, (1) ‘feelings of preparedness’ stemming from staff expertise and experience and care home infrastructure, (2) ‘partnership working’ with external services as a valued member of the multidisciplinary team, and (3) a shared language developed from end-of-life care guidance.ConclusionCare home senior care leader’s confidence is influenced by care home characteristics, particularly availability of on-site registered nurses and the infrastructure of large care homes. All care home leaders benefit from training, working with external, multidisciplinary teams and use of guidance. However, mechanisms to achieve this differed by care home type and size. Further exploration is needed on successful integration of palliative care services and interventions to enhance confidence in residential care homes.

Toward a Secure Smart-Home IoT Access Control Scheme Based on Home Registration Approach

The extensive application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence technology has greatly promoted the construction and development of smart cities. Smart home as the foundation of smart cities can optimize home lifestyles. However, users access the smart home system through public channels, and the transmitted information is vulnerable to attack by attackers, and the privacy and data security of the home user will be difficult to be guaranteed. Therefore, how to protect users’ data and privacy security becomes critical. In this paper, we design a provably secure authentication scheme for the smart home environment, which ensures that only legitimate users can use smart devices. We use the informal model to verify the security of the scheme and formally analyze the security and correctness of the scheme through the Real or Random model. Finally, through the comparison of security and performance analysis, it is proven that our scheme has higher security under similar performance.

Difusi Internet of Things dan Penguatan Hukum dalam Bisnis Berbasis PKM-V

The research objective of Internet of Things Diffusion and Legal Strengthening in Pkm-V-Based Business is to help national development by strengthening the Internet of Things in oyster mushroom cultivation, where this can be a solution to the agricultural land crisis in urban areas in order to continue to realize food security. , then in order to develop more efficient entrepreneurship, oyster mushroom cultivation collaborates with the Internet of things (IoT) in order to keep up with the times, namely the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 which requires that everything can have a connection between tools/machines and humans through the internet network which increases productivity. cultivation and increase profits in entrepreneurship, in addition to development in terms of technology, strengthening in the law needs to be implemented such as Business Licenses and Certificates for Home Industry Food Production and registration of brands to DJKI Ministry of can help business development so that it can compete with n other products, In this study, the author uses an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach than the results of this study emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary scientific collaboration and innovation in the development of student business based on PKM-V, especially in the Internet of Things technology and strengthening in terms of licensing law. The results of research with a case study of the 2020 PKM-V winner, Bung Partis Cultivator (Bandung Manufacturing Polytechnic) show data that the implementation of the Internet of Things has indeed been able to realize precision agriculture, but the lack of strengthening in terms of law and rampant bureaucratic pathology has made student business based on PKM-V it is difficult to develop and cooperate with partners, therefore deeper socialization is needed regarding legal strengthening in PKM-V as well as improving public services by the government in terms of reducing bureaucratic pathology in the administration of Business Licenses and Home Industry Food Production Certificates.

Causes of infant deaths and patterns of associated factors in Eastern Ethiopia: Results of verbal autopsy (InterVA-4) study.

BackgroundIn a range of setting, detecting and generate empirical information on the cause of infant death and contributing risk factors at population level is basically utmost essential to take evidence-based measures in reducing infant morbidity and mortality. An electronic verbal autopsy is suitable tool and best alternative solution to determine individuals’ cause of death in a setting where the majority of deaths occur at home and civil registration systems do not exist. The present study was undertaken to find out cause of infant death, applying computer-based probabilistic model (InterVA-4) and analyze the patterns of association factors of mother’s and the deceased infant’s characteristics to the leading cause-specific infant mortality in Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsThe study employed a community-based prospective longitudinal survey, which was conducted with routinely enumeration of reported infant deaths for a period of two years (from September 2016 to August 2018) in Eastern part of Ethiopia. Using the two-stage cluster sampling technique, the study was undertaken in four randomly selected districts of West Hararghe zone and two districts of zone 3 in Oromia and Afar regional state, respectively. The study included a total of 362 infants who were deceased during the study period. Data was collected by trained enumerators by interviewing the mothers or guardians of the deceased infant using a 2014 standardize World Health Organization (WHO) Verbal Autopsy questionnaire. InterVA-4 model were used for processing and interpreting verbal autopsy data in order to arrive at the most likely causes of infant death. SPSS version 23 was also used for statistical analysis of frequency distribution and logistic regression for the association between covariates and outcomes.FindingsOf the overall (362) deceased infants’ during the study period, 53.0% of deaths occurred during neonatal time while 47.0% died in the post-neonatal period. Acute respiratory infection including neonatal and post-neonatal pneumonia (38.4%), birth asphyxia (16.4%), diarrheal diseases (16.3%), prematurity (7.4%) and malaria (4.3%) were found to be the leading causes of infant mortality in the study area. The independent factors strongly associated with probable ARI, including pneumonia related mortality as compared to all-causes of death were infants with maternal age lower than 20 years old (p = 0.001, AOR: 4.82, 95% CI: 1.88, 12.3) and infant being died outside of heath facilities (P = 0.007, AOR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.33, 6.12). The post-neonatal period (P = 0.000, AOR: 15.5, 95% CI: 6.35, 37.8) and infant died in the wet season (P = 0.006, AOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.28, 4.44) had strong relationship with dying from diarrhea-related death than those infants died from all non-diarrhea. The death due to malaria robustly associated with infants whose mothers age between 20–35 years old (P = 0.024, AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.22, 16.2) and infant who was dwelled in the districts of Afar region (P = 0.013, AOR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.35, 12.4).ConclusionThe highest cause of infant mortality was associated with disease of respiratory system, particularly acute respiratory infection, including both neonates and post-neonatal pneumonia. Most of the infant deaths existed are as a result of diseases and conditions that are readily preventable or treatable cause, similar to those reported in worldwide, which have needs of further attention. The patterns of significant associated factors across cause-specific mortality against all-cause of death were dissimilar. Therefore, strengthen maternal and child health program with effective preventive interventions emphasizing on the most common cause of infant deaths and those factors contributing in raising mortality risk are required.

The influence of neighbourhood equity on parkrunners in a British city.

Physical activity benefits both physical and mental health. Specific events may augment participation in physical activity at a population level. Parkrun is a popular, free, weekly, timed 5 km run or walk in public spaces located in five continents. However, these events may be distributed inequitably, possibly reinforcing inequities in health. As a prelude to a comprehensive analysis of a larger dataset, we explore a hypothesis that participation in parkrun is influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of both parkrunners and their park. Two parkruns, 4.5 km apart, were selected in the city of Sheffield in the United Kingdom. Defined by indices of multiple deprivation, Castle parkrun is located in an economically deprived neighbourhood and Hallam parkrun is in a prosperous area of the city. Parkrunners were defined by applying these same indices to the neighbourhood of home registration. Results: (i) the prosperous Hallam catchment area produced over five times more parkrun participants than Castle; (ii) compared with Castle, Hallam parkrun attracted more participants from both catchment areas; (iii) consequently, Hallam parkrun had seven times more participants than Castle parkrun. Conclusion: establishing parkruns in deprived areas is a necessary but not sufficient prerequisite for equity of participation in this heath promoting activity.

Poe-Related PhD Dissertations (2017–2021)

Poe-Related PhD Dissertations (2017–2021)

Excess mortality for care home residents during the first 23 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: a national cohort study

BackgroundTo estimate excess mortality for care home residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in England, exploring associations with care home characteristics.MethodsDaily number of deaths in all residential and nursing homes in England notified to the Care Quality Commission (CQC) from 1 January 2017 to 7 August 2020. Care home-level data linked with CQC care home register to identify home characteristics: client type (over 65s/children and adults), ownership status (for-profit/not-for-profit; branded/independent) and size (small/medium/large). Excess deaths computed as the difference between observed and predicted deaths using local authority fixed-effect Poisson regressions on pre-pandemic data. Fixed-effect logistic regressions were used to model odds of experiencing COVID-19 suspected/confirmed deaths.ResultsUp to 7 August 2020, there were 29,542 (95% CI 25,176 to 33,908) excess deaths in all care homes. Excess deaths represented 6.5% (95% CI 5.5 to 7.4%) of all care home beds, higher in nursing (8.4%) than residential (4.6%) homes. 64.7% (95% CI 56.4 to 76.0%) of the excess deaths were confirmed/suspected COVID-19. Almost all excess deaths were recorded in the quarter (27.4%) of homes with any COVID-19 fatalities. The odds of experiencing COVID-19 attributable deaths were higher in homes providing nursing services (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.0), to older people and/or with dementia (OR 5.5, 95% CI 4.4 to 6.8), amongst larger (vs. small) homes (OR 13.3, 95% CI 11.5 to 15.4) and belonging to a large provider/brand (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.3). There was no significant association with for-profit status of providers.ConclusionsTo limit excess mortality, policy should be targeted at care homes to minimise the risk of ingress of disease and limit subsequent transmission. Our findings provide specific characteristic targets for further research on mechanisms and policy priority.

Turnover Intention Among Direct Care Workers of Older Adults in Chinese Hospitals and Nursing Homes

High retention rates among direct care workers (DCWs) affect the quality of aged care. However, limited research has explored factors associated with retention in the Chinese aged care industry. This study compared turnover intention and job satisfaction among DCWs in Chinese hospitals and nursing homes. A total 370 DCWs from 7 hospitals (297 contractual, 73 non-contractual) and 311 DCWs from 7 nursing homes (27 contractual, 284 non-contractual) located in Fujian, China were recruited to fill out a questionnaire. Overall, DCWs from hospitals reported lower turnover intention (20.5 % vs 37.0%) and higher levels of job satisfaction (31.1% vs 16.4%) than DCWs from nursing homes. Specifically, contractual DCWs from hospitals indicated lower turnover intention (14.8%) than non-contractual DCWs from hospitals (43.8%) and both types of DCWs from nursing homes (36.3% and 44.4%). Higher job satisfaction was associated with lower turnover intention, but did not mediate the association between DCW types and turnover intention. Findings suggested that the government and institutions should help DCWs complete the identity transformation from non-contractual DCWs to contractual DCWs to enhance job security and benefits. For nursing home DCWs, licensing and registration requirements shall meet the standards for hospital DCWs. Attention is also to be paid to working conditions and staff welfare of DCWs, including social insurance, pensions, and trainings, to improve job satisfaction and reduce turnover intention.

ACESSO E UTILIZAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE POR QUILOMBOLAS CONTEMPORÂNEOS BAIANOS

Understanding the provision of health services to the black Brazilian population is important. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify how the health services of rural quilombolas in the geographical region of Bahia are accessed and used. It is a population-based survey, with information obtained through the application of standardized questionnaires. Poisson's regression tested the associations. No community had a functioning health service infrastructure and three had no coverage from the Community Health Agents Program. Most quilombola’s indicated home registration at the Basic Health Unit, however, the indication for monthly visits by CHWs was less than the expected. Conversely, the majority cited never having been visited by endemic agents. Hears indication of medical consultation in the last 12 months by the majority, especially among women. The services demanded in the last two weeks were obtained predominantly from public services. Thus, access to and use of health services by quilombolas in the Guanambi / Bahia region occurs unevenly due to structural barriers, limited availability of human resources and local infrastructure.

FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF ORGANIZATION OF REMOTE CARDIOLOGICAL REHABILITATION ON THE BASIS OF INTERNET- AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES

The development and introduction of modern technologies of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and secondary prevention, implementing the principles of patient-orientation, suggest a certain organizational transformation, the purpose of which is to increase the role of the patient. Modern communications linking different levels of rehabilitation observation (early inpatient, specialized inpatient, outpatient) increase the availability of specialized observation as a whole. Objective study: to develop a functional model of the organization of an outpatient hospital using electronic and mobile health care tools. Material and methods. The design used the PDCA methodology (Deming cycle) with the implementation of a step-by-step algorithm for doctor-patient interactions: «Plan - Do - Chec - Akt». The conceptual model is built on the principles of the patient’s “managed self-help”. The main elements of the functional model are: office computerized counseling, remote monitoring based on home registration devices with the function of feedback and decision-making of the doctor and patient in the system of remote cardiac rehabilitation (DKR). Results. The step-by-step PDCA algorithm is implemented as a block (modular) type of grouping of elements. The modular structure of the DKR organization is presented with a description of the functionality, execution tools and results of the model stages. Discussion. In the described model, the DKR organization attempted to combine 1) traditional CR methods with proven safety and efficiency; 2) principles of organization of patient-oriented care; 3) the methodology for continuous quality improvement of PDCA; 4) remote patient monitoring technology. Conclusion. The results of the presented development were correlated with the capabilities of modern information and communication technologies and evidence-based knowledge in the field of the Kyrgyz Republic and are proposed as a potential method of overcoming organizational barriers and the development of modern methods of providing rehabilitation assistance.

Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances in German Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Sleep disturbances and insomnia occur frequently in people with dementia and are associated with a number of problems for affected persons, relatives, and carers. Considering the lack of high-quality data especially from Germany, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep disturbances and possible associated factors with in German nursing home residents. Multicenter cross-sectional study. Nursing homes in Northern Germany were randomly selected from nursing home registers and contacted consecutively. All residents with cognitive impairment living in the nursing homes were included. Data collection took place between June and December 2017. In addition to the characteristics of nursing homes, nurses, and residents, sleep disturbances of residents with dementia were assessed using the Sleep Disorder Inventory (SDI). Descriptive statistics were applied for prevalence assessment. A generalized linear mixed model was used to investigate associated factors. 38 nursing homes and 1,187 residents with cognitive impairment were included in the study. Sleep disturbances were reported for 23% of residents with pronounced differences between centers, ranging from 0-85%. The prescription of psychotropic drugs (OR 4.47; 95% CI 3.06-6.43; p < 0.01), residence at a specialized dementia care unit (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.30-4.53; p < 0.01), and male sex (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08-2.25, p < 0.02) were significantly associated with sleep problems. In Germany, prevalence of sleep disturbances in people with dementia is comparable to reports from other countries. Therefore, the development and rigorous evaluation of preferably non-pharmacological interventions is strongly warranted.

Using Residential Anonymous Linking Fields to Identify Vulnerable Populations in Administrative Data

IntroductionDemographic profiling is an important aspect of anonymised healthcare research to identify the population of interest. Typically, administrative data is used in conjunction with patient registers to create cohorts, but it can be a time consuming process. We describe a method using routinely collected health data to identify vulnerable populations.&#x0D; Objectives and ApproachUsing existing longitudinal data and the Residential Anonymised Linking Field (RALF) we aim to identify institutions linked to vulnerable populations. We search for specific characteristics of these institutions including the age of occupants, number of current residents, and rate of change of occupants. We also aim to compare our method to a pseudonymised national registry for care homes to ensure it is accurate. This can effectively reduce the need for repeat pseudonymisation of institutions, which is both expensive and time consuming.&#x0D; ResultsTo implement our method we found the most recent address for living individuals aged 65-95. This produced 202,640 residences from 1,330,335. Of the 202,640 residences, 1347 had four or more cohabitants aged 65-95, and 172 had exactly three residents with ten or more distinct individuals registered over a 10-year period. Our final synthetic dataset therefore had 1519 unique potential care homes to compare to the national registry, which contains 1525 registered care homes.&#x0D; We can now link the synthetic dataset to individuals to flag their residential status, which may be a defining factor in their level of care. Furthermore, we can answer specific research questions relating to their residency, such as the time it takes to move to a care home following a hospital admission.&#x0D; Conclusion/ImplicationsBy using quantifiable characteristics of care homes we were able to create a synthetic care home register by searching existing data. This is a reproducible process that would be of particular benefit for projects where a registry is not available, or where time or cost would limit the availability.

The Lexical Development of Canadian-Born Romanian L1 Bilingual Kindergarteners

This study charts the lexical development of three sequential bilingual kindergarteners whose first language, Romanian, was acquired naturalistically at home, and whose second language, English, was acquired in kindergarten. The children’s lexical development in English and Romanian was assessed at five different points over a two-year period via the PPVT-4 (peabody picture vocabulary test 4) and a specially adapted PPVT-4 for Romanian. The children’s lexical repertoires were further analyzed to uncover home versus school and cognate versus non-cognate acquisitional differences. In addition, because there is no database of lexical items acquired by monolingual Romanian children, the PPVT-4 adapted for Romanian was administered to 22 monolingual six-year-old Romanian children in Sibiu, Romania. The findings indicate the following: (i) the three bilinguals’ receptive vocabulary in English was below average when they joined kindergarten, and at or above average two years later; (ii) their lexical growth in Romanian was steady; (iii) the bilinguals’ scores for words belonging to a home register reflected ceiling effects in English and Romanian (i.e., were very well known); (iv) academic words were known to an equal extent in English and Romanian, but scores were lower than for the home register; and (v) there was no definitive evidence of cognate facilitation. A comparison of the monolingual and bilingual Romanian repertoires reflects the following: (i) equally high scores for home items; (ii) differences in scores in the academic register in favour of the Romanian monolinguals; and (iii) important lifestyle and cultural differences between the groups. The Romanian children, for example, were more familiar than their Canadian counterparts with items related to home maintenance, such as șmirghăluiește (‘sanding’) and mistrie (‘trowel’), or items probably learned in school, such as foca (‘walrus’) and broască țestoasă (‘tortoise’).

P031 Home registrations of inhalations with tobramycin inhalation powder - the relation between inspiratory flow and cough

P031 Home registrations of inhalations with tobramycin inhalation powder - the relation between inspiratory flow and cough

A study of psycho-social background of children placed in remand home

Background: Children are one of the most vulnerable groups of societies and are at risk of many social evils. They should be identified and provided protective environment and loving care for their adequate growth and development. The aim of the study was to know psycho-social background of children in remand home.Methods: The study was carried out in Remand home Solapur which is run by Government. Based on the pilot study, 200 children were included in the study. They were interviewed regarding their personal and family background. If necessary data from remand home registers, parents, social workers and teachers were taken. Chi square test and T-test for difference between two proportions was used for the statistical analysis.Results: Out of 200 children, 78 were delinquents and 122 were non-delinquents. 144 were boys and 56 were girls. Most common reason of admission was financial constraints among non-delinquents and theft among delinquents. 12-18 yrs. old children were more involved in delinquency. Restrained relations with parents and family size played an important role in delinquency.Conclusions: Out of total 200 children, delinquency was found in 39% more in boys and 12-18 yrs. age group. Delinquency was more in children with restrained familial relations. School dropout rate was more in non-delinquents and addiction was more in delinquents.

Exploring the concurrent validity of the nationwide assessment of permanent nursing home residence in Denmark - A cross-sectional data analysis using two administrative registries

BackgroundMany register studies make use of information about permanent nursing home residents. Statistics Denmark (StatD) identifies nursing home residents by two different indirect methods, one based on reports from the municipalities regarding home care in taken place in a nursing home, and the other based on an algorithm created by StatD.The aim of the present study was to validate StatD’s nursing home register using dedicated administrative municipality records on individual nursing home residents as gold standard.MethodsIn total, ten Danish municipalities were selected. Within each Danish Region, we randomly selected one municipality reporting to Stat D (Method 1) and one not reporting where instead an algorithm created by StatD was used to discover nursing home residents (Method 2). Method 1 means that municipalities reported to Stat D whether home care has taken place in a nursing home or in a private home. Method 2 is based on an algorithm created by Stat D for the municipalities where Method 1 is not applicable. Our gold standard was the information from the local administrative system in all ten selected municipalities. Each municipality provided a list with all individuals > 65 years living in a nursing home on January 1st, 2013 as well as the central personal number. This was compared to the list of individuals >65 living in nursing home facilities in the same ten municipalities on January 1st, 2013 retrieved from StatD.ResultsAccording to the data received directly from the municipalities, which was used as our gold Standard 3821 individuals were identified as nursing home residents. The StatD register identified 6,141 individuals as residents. Additionally, 556 of the individuals identified by the municipalities were not identified in the StatD register.Overall sensitivity for the ten municipalities in the StatD nursing home register was 0.85 (95% CI 0.84-0.87) and the PPV was 0.53 (95% CI 0.52-0.54). The municipalities for which nursing home status was based on the StatD algorithm (method 2) had a sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.82-0.86) and PPV of 0.48 (95% CI 0.46-0.50). Both slightly lower than the reporting municipalities (method 1) where the sensitivity was 0.87(95% CI 0.85-0.88) and the PPV was 0.57 (95% CI 0.56-0.59).Additionally, the sensitivity and PPV of the Stat D register varied heavily among the ten municipalities from 0.51 (95% CI 0.43-0.59) to 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.98) and PPV correspondingly, from 0.14 (95% CI: 0.11-0.17) to 0.73 (95% CI 0.69-0.77).ConclusionsThe overall PPV of StatD nursing home register was low and differences between municipalities existed. Even in countries with extensive nation-wide registers, validating studies should be conducted for outcomes based on these registers.

Tuberculosis and HIV are the leading causes of adult death in northwest Ethiopia: evidence from verbal autopsy data of Dabat health and demographic surveillance system, 2007\u20132013

BackgroundReliable data on causes of death form the basis for building evidence on health policy, planning, monitoring, and evaluation. In Ethiopia, the majority of deaths occur at home and civil registration systems are not yet functional. The main objective of verbal autopsy (VA) is to describe the causes of death at the community or population level where civil registration and death certification systems are weak and where most people die at home without having had contact with the health system.MethodsCauses of death were classified and prepared based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The cause of a death was ascertained based on an interview with next of kin or other caregivers using a standardized questionnaire that draws information on signs, symptoms, medical history, and circumstances preceding death. The cause of death, or the sequence of causes that led to death, is assigned based on the data collected by the questionnaire. The complete VA questionnaires were given to two blinded physicians and reviewed independently. A third physician was assigned to review the case when disagreements in diagnosis arose.ResultsCommunicable diseases (519 deaths [48.0%]), non-communicable diseases (377 deaths [34.8%]), and external causes (113 deaths [10.4%]) were the main causes of death between 2007 and 2013. Of communicable diseases, tuberculosis (207 deaths [19.7%]), HIV/AIDS (96 deaths [8.9%]) and meningitis (76 deaths [7.0%]) were the most common causes of death.ConclusionTuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and meningitis were the most common causes of deaths among adults. Death due to non-communicable diseases showed an increasing trend. Increasing community awareness of infections and their interrelationships, tuberculosis case finding, effective local TB programs, successful treatment, and interventions for HIV are supremely important.

Voter Registration Costs and Disenfranchisement: Experimental Evidence from France

A large-scale randomized experiment conducted during the 2012 French presidential and parliamentary elections shows that voter registration requirements have significant effects on turnout, resulting in unequal participation. We assigned 20,500 apartments to one control or six treatment groups that received canvassing visits providing either information about registration or help to register at home. While both types of visits increased registration, home registration visits had a higher impact than information-only visits, indicating that both information costs and administrative barriers impede registration. Home registration did not reduce turnout among those who would have registered anyway. On the contrary, citizens registered due to the visits became more interested in and knowledgeable about the elections as a result of being able to participate in them, and 93% voted at least once in 2012. The results suggest that easing registration requirements could substantially enhance political participation and interest while improving representation of all groups.

Methods of recording and interpreting the newborn’s crying

Crying is the primary method to convey the needs and desires of the newborns, being their first manifestation. This study investigated the implementation of a system for the automatic collection and identification of the newborn’s crying, thus relying on automatic association with their physical needs. The study sought to develop a database of information about the needs of newborns expressed by crying. After the analysis of the literature, the study team identified 6 physiological types of crying, corresponding to different needs and the pathological crying. The underlying causes of physiological crying are hunger, pain, eructation, sleep, minor discomfort and colics. Pathological crying is associated with an abnormal condition of the newborn. The crying of the newborns was acquired after obtaining the informed consent of the parents’ participation in the maternity and/or at home. The study had two stages: the collection of the cries and testing in the real world. The collection of the sound signals corresponding to the newborn language consisted in the proper collection of sounds and the labeling of the data. Labeling of data took place in the maternity during the recording of the newborn’s crying. Labeling of the data acquired at home consisted of a double validation, namely: viewing the newborn and correlating with the home journal, and validating the records compared to the Dunstan crying types. The testing in the real world consisted in acquisition of newborn cryings and the data labelling took place in the maternity in the similar condition of the first stage and the data acquired at home were labelled comparing to the Dunstan crying types. The most important source of limitation of the study was obtaining informed consent from parents for the study participation agreement, which was positive for 39% of eligible newborns. Most opted for maternity study, as home registration involved an additional request for mothers (88% of those involved), only 12% (of those involved) giving their maternity and home leave. As main conclusion of the study we can state that a significant number of subjects were included in the study for a coherent statistical analysis. A database was created for all 7 types of complaints, varying according to need and place of acquisition. This database can be a source of information for further studies.

Design and Research of a New secure Authentication Protocol in GSM networks

As the first line of defense in the security application system, Authentication is an important security service. Its typical scheme is challenge/response mechanism and this scheme which is simple-structured and easy to realize has been used worldwide. But these protocols have many following problems In the GSM networks such as the leakage of user indentity privacy, no security protection between home registers and foreign registers and the vicious intruders’ information stealing and so on. This paper presents an authentication protocol in GSM networks based on maths operation and modular square root technique . The analysis of the security and performance has also been done. The results show that it is more robust and secure compared to the previous agreements.