Home Neighborhood Research Articles

Home and workplace neighborhood socioeconomic status and behavior-related health: a within-individual analysis

Background: Individuals’ health-related behaviors, important determinants of cardiovascular health, might be affected by social characteristics of residential and workplace neighborhoods. Although the influence of individual and home neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) on behavior-related health has been widely studied, majority of the studies have neglected the possible impact of workplace SES. Objective: To investigate associations between home and work neighborhood SES and behavior-related health in employed individuals. Methods: Participants were from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health with response to minimum of two surveys between 2012 and 2018. We had 13163 individuals with complete data on at least one exposure and covariates with total of 36925 observations. Neighborhood SES was determined as an index using mean income, education attainment, and unemployment rate within a 500 m buffer around home and workplace address. We used fixed effects method with conditional logistic regression to investigate longitudinal within-individual associations for home, workplace, and time weighted home and work neighborhood SES with self-reported obesity, physical activity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and sleep problems. Age, marital status, occupational position, presence of children, chronic disease, depressive symptoms, and work strain were covariates.Results: Workers were more likely to consume alcohol excessively when their workplace was located in the highest SES area compared to time when their workplace was located in the lowest SES area (adjusted OR 1.98; 95% CI,1.12-3.49). Contrarily, higher SES of the home neighborhood was non-significantly associated with low alcohol consumption. Furthermore, there was an indication of an increased risk of obesity when individuals had their workplace in the highest compared to the lowest neighborhood SES (adjusted OR 1.71;1.02-2.87). No associations were observed for other outcomes.Conclusion: These within-individual comparisons suggest that workplace neighborhood SES may have a role in health-related behaviors, particularly alcohol consumption.

The impact of state policies for school-based BMI/fitness assessments on children's BMI outcomes in rural versus urban schools: Evidence from a natural experiment

Childhood obesity remains a public health crisis because of its alarming prevalence and potential for costly long-term health consequences, especially among rural children. Schools are considered natural loci for policies to combat obesity because children spend most of their active hours and consume a substantial share of their calories, at school. Recent state policy efforts have involved measuring children's BMI and/or fitness to notify parents or inform surveillance efforts, but the empirical evidence to date is far from definitive.This study leverages plausibly exogenous assignment of military families as a natural experiment to assess the association of such polices with children's BMI and obesogenic behaviors. The sample is stratified by urbanicity because of the likely differences in obesity prevalence and in environments necessary to support healthy lifestyles. Data were collected in 2013–2014 and analyzed in 2018–9.The policies were associated with lower odds of overweight (OR: 0.422; CI: 0.251–0.708) and at-risk of overweight (OR: 0.360; CI: 0.161–0.801) among children in rural, but not urban, schools. The policies were also associated with greater activity levels and less frequent intake of unhealthy foods, particularly among children attending rural schools. Results were robust to stratification based on urbanicity of the installation versus school, omission of family covariates, and other sensitivity analyses. Falsification checks on children's height, parental BMI outcomes, home food environments and neighborhood environments indicate findings are not driven by selection.BMI assessment policies were associated with children's BMI outcomes and health behaviors in rural, but not urban schools.

Home and workplace neighborhood SES and behavior-related health: a within-individual analysis

Abstract Background Although the influence of individual and home neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) on health-related behaviors has been widely studied, majority of the evidence is from cross-sectional studies. Moreover, studies on associations of workplace SES with health-related behaviors are almost non-existent. Objective To investigate associations between home and work neighborhood SES and behavior-related health in gainfully employed individuals. Methods Participants were from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health with response to minimum two surveys between 2012 and 2018. We had 13163 individuals with complete data on exposure and covariates with total of 36925 observations. Neighborhood SES was determined as an index using mean income, education attainment, and unemployment rate within a 500 m buffer around home and workplace address. We used fixed effects method with conditional logistic regression to investigate longitudinal within-individual associations for home, workplace and their weighted summary neighborhood SES with self-reported obesity, physical activity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and sleep problems. We included age, marital status, individuals' occupational position, presence of children, chronic disease, depressive symptoms, and work strain as covariates. Results The workers were more likely to consume alcohol excessively when their workplace was located in the highest SES area compared to time when their workplace was located in the lowest SES area (adjusted odds ratio 1.98; 95% confidence interval 1.12-3.49). Contrarily, socioeconomic status of home neighborhood was observed to be associated with low alcohol consumption. We observed no associations for other behavior-related health outcomes. Conclusions These within-individual comparisons suggest that having workplace in a high SES area may be favorable for excessive alcohol consumption. Key messages Workplace in a high socioeconomic area may be favorable of excessive alcohol consumption, while such association were not observed for home neighborhood. Consideration of work neighborhood SES along with home neighborhood SES and individual variables can enhance our understanding of the influence of environments on health behaviors.

Health-Related Quality of Life across a Variety of Community Contexts

There is increasing interest in the socioeconomic determinants of health and well-being. Efforts to date have focused on the associations between measures of social position and objective measures of health. However, health can also be gauged using subjective measures such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL), while other social determinants, such as neighbourhood factors, appear largely neglected. The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between HRQOL (as measured by the WHOQoL questionnaire) and both social position (as measured by the New Zealand Deprivation (NZDep) index) and participants’ perceptions about their home neighbourhood. A total of 746 participants living in areas with six different NZDep scores completed a survey probing HRQOL, problems in the neighbourhood, and perceptions of amenity. Results showed that people living in wealthier areas reported better HRQOL, and that amenity ratings mediated the relationship. The study’s findings have implications for researchers interested in the social determinants of health and the operationalisation of these social indicators and health in that health outcomes depended on perceived amenity rather than absolute wealth.

Cross-sectional associations of neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and greenness with accelerometer-measured leisure-time physical activity in a cohort of ageing workers

ObjectiveNeighbourhood characteristics may affect the level of physical activity (PA) of the residents. Few studies have examined the combined effects of distinctive neighbourhood characteristics on PA using objective data or...

Correlates of Physical Activity, Psychosocial Factors, and Home Environment Exposure among U.S. Adolescents: Insights for Cancer Risk Reduction from the FLASHE Study.

Background and aims: Physical activity (PA) can bring numerous health benefits to adolescents and can largely aid in reducing the various types of cancer risks in their lifespans. However, few adolescents meet the physical activity guidelines recommended by the National Cancer Institute in the United States. Our study aimed to examine the multilevel determinants potentially influencing adolescent’s PA participation. Methods: A secondary analysis of physical activity, home and school neighborhood, and other psychosocial data from 1504 dyads of adolescents and their parents who participated in the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study was performed. Analysis of variance and general linear model analyses were used to examine the correlates. Results: General linear modeling revealed that younger adolescents participated in greater levels of PA than older adolescents (p < 0.001). Adolescents whose parents reported meeting PA guidelines participated in greater amounts of PA (p < 0.001). Parental support of adolescent PA (p < 0.001) was also predictive of adolescent PA levels. Furthermore, parents who reported meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines were more likely to have teenagers that engaged in higher amounts of PA (p < 0.001). Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings imply a dynamic relationship between adolescent and parent MVPA levels. Interventions focused on increasing parental MVPA and encouraging parents to engage in promoting PA are merited in order to aid in increasing PA among adolescents while reducing the cancer risk.

Using Zillow data to value green space amenities at the neighborhood scale

It is important to quantify the value of green space amenities in order to justify the cost of their creation and maintenance; furthermore, advances in available data and methods have produced exciting ways to measure the economic values of green infrastructure. In this study, we use publicly available data from Zillow, Inc. to implement the hedonic pricing method at a novel scope and scale. We analyze over 5000 Zillow neighborhoods located in metropolitan areas across 44 states to identify the marginal value of urban green spaces with respect to median neighborhood home prices. By incorporating a vast, heterogeneous study area, we are able to gain a national-scale perspective on the effects of green spaces on home values. Furthermore, Zillow neighborhoods permit reproducible, extensible, and policy-relevant insight into the effects of green spaces on neighborhoods holistically. Our results suggest that for Zillow neighborhoods on average the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and open space are dis-amenities; however, parks and tree cover add premiums to Zillow neighborhood value. By interacting tree cover with land surface temperature, we find the amenity value of trees is realized in part through shading; furthermore, we find that tree-shading has a greater amenity value in higher-income areas.

The association between spatial access to physical activity facilities within home and workplace neighborhoods and time spent on physical activities: evidence from Guangzhou, China

BackgroundUrban residents from the developing world have increasingly adopted a sedentary lifestyle and spend less time on physical activities (PA). Previous studies on the association between PA facilities and individuals’ PA levels are based on the assumption that individuals have opportunities to use PA facilities within neighborhoods all day long, ignoring the fact that their willingness and opportunities to use nearby facilities depend on how much discretionary time (any time when people have a choice what to do) they have. Further, scant attention has been paid to the influence of PA facilities within both residential and workplace neighborhoods in the dense urban context. To address the above research gaps, this study investigated the links between the spatial access to PA facilities within home/workplace neighborhoods and time spent on PA among working adults, focusing on whether results were different when different measures of accessibility were used and whether participants’ discretionary time over a week affected their time spent on PA.MethodThis study used data from a questionnaire survey (n = 1002) in Guangzhou between June and July 2017 and point of interest (POI) data from online mapping resources. Outcome variables included the amount of time spent on physical activity/moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (PA/MVPA) over the past week. Home/workplace neighborhoods were measured as different distance buffers (500 m circular buffers, 1000 m circular buffers, and 1080 m network buffers) around each respondent’s home/workplace. Spatial access to PA facilities was measured using two indicators: the counts of PA facilities and proximity to PA facilities within home/workplace neighborhoods. The amount of discretionary time was calculated based on activity log data of working day/weekend day from the Guangzhou questionnaire survey, and regression models were used to examine relationships between the spatial access of PA facilities, the time spent on PA/MVPA, and the amount of discretionary time, adjusted for covariates. Associations were stratified by gender, age, education, and income.ResultsUsing different measures of accessibility (the counts of and proximity to PA facilities) generated different results. Specifically, participants spent more time on PA/MVPA when they lived in neighborhoods with more PA facilities and spent more time on MVPA when worked in closer proximity to PA facilities. A larger amount of discretionary time was associated with more time spent on PA/MVPA, but it did not strengthen the relationship between access to PA facilities and PA/MVPA time. In addition, relationships between access to PA facilities and PA levels varied by gender, age, education, and income.ConclusionThis study contributes to the knowledge of PA-promoting environments by considering both the home and workplace contexts and by taking into account the temporal attributes of contextual influences. Policymakers and urban planners are advised to take into account the workplace context and the temporal variability of neighborhood influences when allocating public PA facilities and public spaces.

Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s exposure to tobacco retailing based on individual-level GPS data in Scotland

BackgroundIdentifying factors shaping knowledge of and attitudes towards tobacco products in preadolescence is a key component supporting tobacco control policies aimed at preventing smoking initiation. This study quantified exposure to...

Hurricane Toads

Eastern spadefoots are a common but largely unappreciated species of native toad in Florida. Following torrential rains they emerge from hiding and breed in shallow pools. In as little as 14 days, hordes of raisin-sized froglets emerge and hop away in all directions from the pond or puddle where they were born. Some of them find their way to yards and garages of suburban neighborhood homes. Other unlucky baby toads end up on roads, where they are smashed. This 5-page fact sheet written by Steve A. Johnson and Candace D. Fuhrmann and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation outlines the unique biology of this species and explains how to identify eastern spadefoot tadpoles, young, and adults. It also includes a section on how you and your friends and family can help these interesting and attractive little creatures by engaging in citizen science. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw474

Neighborhoods and Felony Disenfranchisement: The Case of New York City

Over the past two decades, scholars have sought to estimate the direct and indirect effects of felony disenfranchisement on political representation. This literature, however, has often overlooked both the geographic concentration of communities impacted by overincarceration and the low propensity to vote exhibited by individuals convicted of felony crimes. In this article, I redefine “lost voters” as disenfranchised individuals with a history of participating in elections. I map these individuals to their preincarceration addresses and use multiple approaches to explore whether their home neighborhoods turned out at lower rates than other neighborhoods in the 2017 New York City (NYC) mayoral election. I find that neighborhoods that were home to lost voters turned out at substantially lower rates than similar neighborhoods, and that Black neighborhoods are particularly impacted by the spillover effects of disenfranchisement. These indirect effects of the incarceration of would-be voters may have serious implications for the representation of impacted neighborhoods.

Residential neighborhood features associated with objectively measured walking near home: Revisiting walkability using the Automatic Context Measurement Tool (ACMT).

Many distinct characteristics of the social, natural, and built neighborhood environment have been included in walkability measures, and it is unclear which measures best describe the features of a place that support walking. We developed the Automatic Context Measurement Tool, which measures neighborhood environment characteristics from public data for any point location in the United States. We explored these characteristics in home neighborhood environments in relation to walking identified from integrated GPS, accelerometer, and travel log data from 681 residents of King Country, WA. Of 146 neighborhood characteristics, 92 (63%) were associated with walking bout counts after adjustment for individual characteristics and correction for false discovery. The strongest built environment predictor of walking bout count was housing unit count. Models using data-driven and a priori defined walkability measures exhibited similar fit statistics. Walkability measures consisting of different neighborhood characteristic measurements may capture the same underlying variation in neighborhood conditions.

Residential vs school neighborhoods: Associations with physical activity among adolescents.

Adolescents have the potential to be active in multiple places across weekdays and weekends. While the built environment features around home are known to be important for adolescents' physical activity, specific built environment features that facilitate physical activity outside the home neighbourhood are not well explored. Given that adolescents spend most days of the week at school, the built environment surrounding school may be particularly important for supporting their physical activity. This study examined cross-sectional associations of objective built environments around home and school at multiple spatial scales with accelerometer assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across the week. Moderating effects of adolescents' age were further explored. Data from up to 417 adolescents aged 12-20 years from 18 schools in Melbourne, Australia were used. Features of the built environment around school were positively associated with MVPA on weekdays; and a wide range of built environment features around home were found to be important for MVPA during weekends. Age was found to moderate the relationship between some built environment features around both home and school and MVPA across the week. Understanding the contribution of the built environment features around both home and school with MVPA could inform policy recommendations and public health interventions for each setting.

Examining Ethnic Exposure through the Perspective of the Neighborhood Effect Averaging Problem: A Case Study of Xining, China.

An increasing number of studies have observed that ignoring individual exposures to non-residential environments in people’s daily life may result in misleading findings in research on environmental exposure. This issue was recognized as the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). This study examines ethnic segregation and exposure through the perspective of NEAP. Focusing on Xining, China, it compares the Hui ethnic minorities and the Han majorities. Using 2010 census data and activity diary data collected in 2013, the study found that NEAP exists when examining ethnic exposure. Respondents who live in highly mixed neighborhoods (with high exposures to the other ethnic group) experience lower activity-space exposures because they tend to conduct their daily activities in ethnically less mixed areas outside their home neighborhoods (which are more segregated). By contrast, respondents who live in highly segregated neighborhoods (with low exposures to the other ethnic group) tend to have higher exposures in their activity locations outside their home neighborhoods (which are less segregated). Therefore, taking into account individuals’ daily activities in non-residential contexts in the assessment of environmental exposure will likely lead to an overall tendency towards the mean exposure. Using Tobit models, we further found that specific types of activity places, especially workplaces and parks, contribute to NEAP. Ignoring individual exposures in people’s activity places will most likely result in misleading findings in the measurement of environmental exposure, including ethnic exposure.

GIS-Based Home Neighborhood Food Outlet Counts, Street Connectivity, and Frequency of Use of Neighborhood Restaurants and Food Stores.

Researchers have linked neighborhood food availability to the overall frequency of using food outlets without noting if those outlets were within or outside of participants' neighborhoods. We aimed to examine the association of neighborhood restaurant and food store availability with frequency of use of neighborhood food outlets, and whether such an association was modified by neighborhood street connectivity using a large and diverse population-based cohort of middle-aged U.S. adults. We used self-reported frequency of use of fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants, and grocery stores in respondents' home neighborhoods using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study Year 20 exam in 2005-2006 (n= 2860; Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA) and geographically matched GIS-measured neighborhood-level food resource, street, and U.S. Census data. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to examine the associations of the GIS-measured count of neighborhood fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants, and grocery stores with self-reported frequency of using neighborhood restaurants and food stores and whether such associations differed by GIS-measured neighborhood street connectivity among those who perceived at least one such food outlet. In multivariate analyses, we observed a positive association between the GIS-measured count of neighborhood sit-down restaurants (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04) and the self-reported frequency of using neighborhood sit-down restaurants. We observed no statistically significant association between GIS-measured count of neighborhood fast food restaurants and self-reported frequency of using neighborhood fast food restaurants, nor did we observe a statistically significant association between GIS-measured count of neighborhood grocery stores and self-reported frequency of using neighborhood grocery stores. We observed inverse associations between GIS-measured neighborhood street connectivity and the self-reported frequencies of using neighborhood fast food restaurants (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.26-0.68) and grocery stores (OR = - 2.26, 95% CI - 4.52 to - 0.01). Neighborhood street connectivity did not modify the association between GIS-measured neighborhood restaurant and food store count and the self-reported frequency of using neighborhood restaurants and food stores. Our findings suggest that, for those who perceived at least one sit-down restaurant in their neighborhood, individuals who have more GIS-measured sit-down restaurants in their neighborhoods reported more frequent use of sit-down restaurants than those whose neighborhoods contain fewer such restaurants. Our results also suggest that, for those who perceived at least one fast food restaurant in their neighborhood, individuals who live in neighborhoods with greater GIS-measured street connectivity reported less use of neighborhood fast food restaurants than those who live in neighborhoods with less street connectivity. The count of neighborhood sit-down restaurants and the connectivity of neighborhood street networks appear important in understanding the use of neighborhood food resources.

Combining Accelerometry and GPS to Assess Neighborhood-Based Physical Activity: Associations With Perceived Neighborhood Walkability

This study explored associations between perceived neighborhood walkability and neighborhood-based physical activity (NB-PA) and assessed possible moderation effects of the amount of time spent in the home neighborhood and individual characteristics (i.e., educational level and health-related problems). In 2016 to 2017, 509 Dutch adults, living in the South Limburg area, were included. Context-specific PA levels were measured using the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer and the Qstarz BTQ1000XT GPS-logger. Perceived neighborhood walkability, level of education, work status, and health-related quality of life were measured with validated self-report instruments. Results showed that individuals with a lower level of education or health-related problems spent more time in the home neighborhood. The perceived neighborhood walkability only affected NB-PA for individuals spending a relatively large amount of time in their home neighborhood. PA-facilitating features in the home neighborhood, for example, aesthetics, were only associated with more NB-PA for individuals without health-related problems or with a higher level of education.

Residential neighbourhood greenspace is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease: A prospective cohort study

Living in a greener neighbourhood may reduce the risk of developing incident cardiovascular disease, but evidence is limited by reliance on cross-sectional comparisons. We use data from a longitudinal study with a time-independent measure of risk to explore the association between exposure to greenspace and cardiovascular disease. Data was from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Norfolk UK cohort, baseline 1993-1997 (n = 24,420). Neighbourhoods were defined as 800m radius zones around participants' home, according to their home postcode (zip code) in the year 2000. Greenspace exposure was identified using classified satellite imagery. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression examined associations between greenspace and incident cardiovascular disease. Mediation analysis assessed if physical activity mediated associations, whilst modification by rurality, socio-economic status and age was explored. The mean age of participants was 59.2 years at baseline, 54.7% were female, and mean follow-up time was 14.5 years. Individuals living in the greenest neighbourhood quartile had a 7% lower relative hazard of developing cardiovascular disease than other neighbourhoods (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88, 0.97; p = 0.003) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, prevalent diabetes and socio-economic status (SES). Physical activity did not mediate the relationship (greenest compared to the least green quartile HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97, 1.01; p = 0.416). Models predicted incidence of cardiovascular disease in the least green neighbourhoods (19.4% greenspace on average) would fall by 4.8% (95% CI 1.6%, 8.2% p = 0.003) if they were as green as the average neighbourhood (59.0% greenspace). Occupation moderated the relationship, whereby exposure to greenspace was not associated with incident CVD for participants engaged in manual occupations. Greener home neighbourhoods may protect against risk of cardiovascular disease even after accounting for SES, whilst the mechanism does not appear to be strongly associated with physical activity. Putative causal mechanisms require investigation.

Performance, Climate, and Critical Art

Performance, Climate, and Critical Art VK Preston (bio) My essay for the print edition of Theatre Journal (72.2, June 2020), "Queer and Indigenous Art: Performing Ice Times in Climate Crisis," engages with performance and video work from the Arctic that addresses climate warming. It began with my experience as an audience member at Kiinalik: These Sharp Tools during its opening run in the heart of Toronto's queer neighborhood in 2017. The production at Buddies in Bad Times installed itself in my reflection on contemporary and cultural life as an urgent and necessary performance. Its dramaturgy makes often uneasy contributions to engagement with epistemic gaps and rifts between Indigenous and settler communities, decolonization movements, histories, and experiences of climate crises. The work is part of a new wave of performance by Inuit artists and settler artistic collaborators that bring renewed attention to colonization and history, climate change, and sovereignty activism. For me, Kiinalik opened up a new sense of artists working in coalitional, dramaturgical conversation. This philosophy of approach animates videos by the Isuma Collective, who created new work for the 2019 Venice Biennale on climate change and extractivism in the north. So too collaborations, such as those among dance and interdisciplinary artist Laakkuluk Williamson Bathory, Evalyn Parry, Cris Derksen, Jamie Griffiths, Christine Tootoo, and renowned singer and novelist Tanya Tagaq, foregrounding cultural resurgence as well as ongoing extraction and colonization in the north. The artists' sharp contemporary relevance is amplified in these works' engagements with asymmetries of the north and south (here in reference to the far north and Arctic circle) with contemporary realization that global warming is happening far more quickly in the far north than in the south below the 60th parallel. This journey took me to performances in both my home neighborhood in Toronto and in the northernmost capital city in the world, Iqaluit, Nunavut (fig. 1). Created by Parry, Laakkuluk, Erin Brubacher, and Elysha Poirier, with Derksen, Kiinalik continues to tour at the time of writing, most recently appearing in the inaugural season of the National Arts Centre's Indigenous Theatre (2019–20), which identifies itself [End Page E-7] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Poster at the Nunatta Sunakkutaangit Museum advertising Kiinalik: These Sharp Tools. Pictured: Evalyn Parry and Laakuluk Williamson Bathory. A Buddies in Bad Times Theatre production hosted by the Qaaggiavuut Society at the Frobisher Inn in Iqaluit, Nunavut. Text in Inuktituk. (Photo: VK Preston.) [End Page E-8] as the first national Indigenous theatre department globally. Among Kiinalik's powerful contributions are its self-reflective moves to dismantle the structural and institutional silos put in place among practices of story, dance, theatre, media, and music in settler epistemologies. The interweaving of practices takes spectators on a remarkable voyage with the artists, who met during a residency on climate change in the Artic. As the work unfolds, the artists move across hierarchies of knowledge and the sensorium, entering into personal, cultural, and intergenerational questions that cross histories as well as institutionalized settler distinctions and dramaturgies of nationhood (fig. 2). With support from my university in 2018, I was able to travel to Iqaluit to see a rehearsal and performance of the "northern" version of Kiinalik in the subarctic capital city of Iqaluit, Nunavut. There for the first time I met Qaggiavuut Society personnel, as well as students and artists with the Qaggiq School of Performing Arts. Through the Qaggiavuut society, these artists are creating an arts and training center, shaping what they term an "Arctic-specific pedagogy" in a region where colonization's prohibitions on practices have had ongoing, violent impact. My visit followed on the heels of the company's expanded push to develop a performing arts center and hub of creative practice and research oriented to the circum-polar north. The initiative to create this space and venue called the Qaggiq Hub has been gaining considerable momentum. As a settler scholar working within the university system in the "south," at the center of a long history of material as well as cultural extraction, the works I spent time with while writing this piece have honed a sense of critical reexamination of my own and my...

'… This is my home and my neighbourhood with my very good and not so good memories': The story of autobiographical place-making and a recent life with dementia.

As part of the wider Neighbourhoods and Dementia Study, co-researchers from the Open Doors Research Group (based in Salford, UK) produced a series of three films with the title ‘The Changing Face of our Neighbourhood’. These films were subsequently placed on ‘YouTube’ and document co-researchers’ storied experiences of Salford and the industrial, economic and social changes that have occurred over the inquiry group’s lifetime. Drawn directly from this autobiographical and socio-generational work, this article focuses on the experience of lead author Lesley Calvert, who was diagnosed with dementia in 2013 and has been a member of the Open Doors Research Group since 2014. Lesley grew up and worked as a district nurse for almost 40 years, remaining close to her place of birth in Salford all her life. In this article, Lesley draws upon her autobiographical narrative which she shares in the three films to describe the intersections between biography, place-making, belonging and dementia. The article concludes with the importance of democratising the research space and why academic researchers need to create opportunities for personal stories to be told, heard and acted upon.

Chicago Youths' Exposure to Community Violence: Contextualizing Spatial Dynamics of Violence and the Relationship With Psychological Functioning.

This study explores where and when community violence exposure (CVE) matters for psychological functioning in a sample of low-income, racial/ethnic minority youth (M) age=16.17, 55% female, 69% Black, and 31% Non-Black/Latinx) living in Chicago. CVE was measured with violent crime data that were geocoded in terms of distance from youths' home and school addresses, and then calculated in terms of three distinct spatial dynamics: chronicity, pervasiveness, and spatial proximity. These measures reflect indirect/objective CVE across different conceptualizations of time, space, and neighborhood context. We tested the relationship between each CVE measure and trait anxiety and behavioral and cognitive dysregulation while controlling for youth-reported, direct violent victimization (e.g., being attacked) to examine how indirect/objective CVE occurring within youths' neighborhood contexts matters beyond direct/subjective violence exposure. Results revealed that long-term chronic, pervasive, and spatially proximal CVE was related to higher levels of behavioral dysfunction. In contrast, CVE within home- and school-based neighborhoods interacted to predict trait anxiety; youth living in low-crime neighborhoods and attending schools in high-crime neighborhoods had the highest rates of trait anxiety. Measuring CVE within both home and school neighborhoods at specific spatial measurements and time frames is critical to understand and prevent the consequences of CVE.