National Home Research Articles

Does the Host Country’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Restrictiveness Inhibit the Export Sophistication of the Home Country? Evidence from China’s Manufacturing Data

Since the going-global approach of Chinese enterprises has accelerated, the host country’s foreign direct investments (FDI) restrictiveness index has dramatically influenced the upgrading of China’s trade structure. This study investigates the relationship between the host country’s FDI restrictiveness index and the export sophistication of the home country. Using two-way fixed-impact models and firm-based microcosmic data, it verifies the impacts of reverse technology spillover (RTS) by the intermediary model. The empirical outcomes illustrate that the host country’s FDI restrictiveness index significantly inhibits the export sophistication of the home country. In particular, overseas equity restrictions, selection and endorsement requirements, and additional operational limitations hold more substantial influence. However, the limits on key foreign experts have promoted the export sophistication of the home country. Seemingly, host countries’ FDI restrictiveness has inhibited export sophistication in the textile industry and the processing of the resource industry but promoted the same in the mechanical and electronic industries. Likewise, the host country’s FDI restrictiveness impacts the export sophistication of the home nation through resource allocation. Manufacturing enterprises increased export sophistication by guiding resource allocation, and export trade models were changed from the previous quantitative competition to quality competition.

Social media use, social identification and cross-cultural adaptation of international students: A longitudinal examination.

The mobility experience is an important life event for international students, and achieving successful psychological and sociocultural adaptation is crucial for this experience to be positive. Through a three-wave longitudinal study among international students enrolled at universities in Spain, Portugal, and Poland (n = 233), we examined the relationships between social media use, social identification, and (sociocultural and psychological) adaptation across time. Results of cross lagged panel modeling (CLPM) showed that social media contact with home nationals predicted greater identification with this group. Social media contact with host country nationals predicted poorer adaptation. Social media contact with other international students did not show any effects, while identification with this group predicted better adaptation. Our results point to the dynamic nature of the adaptation process, showing that the role of social media use and identification targeted at different social groups may play different roles than was previously found in cross-sectional research.

Refugees in host countries: A comparative study between Uyghurs in Turkey and Tibetans in India

The status of refugees in host nations may depend upon several factors, including the economic situation of the receiving state, political alignments, international commitments, ethnic affinities, the domestic refugee regime, security considerations and bilateral ties with the home country. The study aims to discern the role that bilateral ties and domestic considerations play in the refugee experience. Is there a pattern that can be drawn out from these two factors? The article uses neoclassical realist and critical theories to better understand the phenomena, while employing the case study method to make a comparative study. The study analyses how India and Turkey have dealt with refugees belonging to two ethnic minorities of the Republic of China: the Tibetans and the Uyghurs. The results show that the way the receiving states handle refugees depends greatly on domestic considerations. It becomes clear that even though bilateral ties between the host and the home nation are important, no simple deduction can be made on how this affects the treatment of refugees. Both cases provide varied response patterns; it is only through a blend of realpolitik and critical theory that the phenomena can be understood. Mapping refugees and their movements, as well as their status in the host countries, determines many of the policies created for their welfare. The article therefore attempts to provide a framework for a better understanding of the phenomena by considering bilateral ties and domestic considerations.

THE PORTRAIT OF INDONESIAN CULTURE THROUGH AN ANIMATED FILM “SI ENTONG”

Indonesia is a multicultural nation home to many different tribes, religions, languages, and traditions. Each region in Indonesia has a unique variety of characteristics. Some of the characteristics can be seen through the traditional dress and traditional games. This study discusses the portrait of Indonesian culture through an animated movie “Si Entong”. This research focuses on findings of the scene that portrays the characters from each region in Indonesia and traditional games in “Si Entong”. In this study, the researchers applied the qualitative method to analyze the data. In order to aid the authors doing this analysis, Mise En Scene approach from Manon de Reeper and Theory of Representation from Stuart Hall are used for this study. Therefore, the result of this research shows the representation of Indonesian culture that can be seen from the traditional dress that the characters wear and the traditional game they play in the movie.

Understanding forced internal displacement in Ukraine: insights and lessons for today’s crises

Abstract The contribution of this paper is threefold: first, it accounts for the problem of Ukraine’s forced internal displacement, following the Russian occupation of the Crimea and Donbas regions in 2014; second, this study applies a number of quantitative research methods to provide new insights into the way that individual and destination characteristics of the internally displaced people (IDPs) impact upon their destination preferences; finally, it draws four key policy lessons for dealing with today’s worst humanitarian catastrophe in Europe since 1945. These lessons focus on the individual characteristics of forced migrants for understanding displacement patterns; and the need for full restoration of legitimate democratic government at home as the necessary condition for return. They also highlight that in the extraordinary circumstances of large-scale warfare, life-saving action takes precedence over any other motivations; and the host communities’ perceived sympathy towards the forced migrants’ home nation ultimately determines the choice of settlement.

Expectations with Endogenous Information Acquisition: An Experimental Investigation

Abstract We use a survey experiment to generate direct evidence on how people acquire and process information. Participants can buy different information signals that could help them forecast future national home prices. We elicit their valuations and exogenously vary the cost of information. Participants put substantial value on their preferred signal and, when acquired, incorporate the signal in their beliefs. However, they disagree on which signal to buy. As a result, making information cheaper does not decrease the cross-sectional dispersion of expectations. We provide a model with costly acquisition and processing of information, which can match most of our empirical results.

A visual history of First World War women and humour identified in contemporary cartoons

ABSTRACT This article discusses the use of cartoon visual depictions of women during the First World War and the humour within them for the viewing public. Extensive historiography of women and war recognizes female contributions to the war effort, and the underlying integrity of motherhood throughout. Nonetheless, how audiences perceive visual representations of women during war do not feature within this literature to the same degree. Evaluation of cartoon humour alongside context of images of women historicizes the content and its impact on respective contemporary audiences. News publications throughout the war provide appropriate visual sources, and most for this study come from the British Cartoon Archive (BCA) at the University of Kent. The article considers three predominant tropes of female cartoon illustration during the war: the young and flighty, the elderly matron and the allegory of combatant nations. Cartoons of these womenvisibly take on new positions in war: helping the war effort or misunderstanding new situations whilst maintaining traditional positions from before the war. Humorous alterations to anticipated stereotypes provide didactic purpose showing the public how to behave, or more specifically how not to with the younger and older depictions. The final group of allegorical personas revisit older national and abstract icons to aid public morale providing relief and hilarity through enemydenegration or support and strength when visualizing home nations. This article argues how humorous cartooning of women in wartime preserved the pre-war status quo of female positions in society to provide comfort and relief to the public despite acknowledged female involvement in the war effort overall.

Interplays of Political Ties and Social Evaluation of Emerging Market Multinational Corporations

In this paper, we address the question of how interplays of home country political ties and target nation political ties might shape social evaluation of EMMNCs with different ownership structures. We conduct a comparative case study of four overseas acquisitions made by two EMMNCs (one SOE and one POE) from China during 2014–2017 in a strategic (port) industry. The port investments include China Merchant Group’s (CMG) Hambantota Port, Sri Lanka, and Port of Newcastle, Australia) and Landbridge Group (LBG)’s Port of Darwin, Australia, and Colon Container Port, Panama). The research result shows a relationship between interplays of political ties across home and target nations and levels of public disapproval faced by EMMNCs. This study makes three contributions. First, it extends the political embeddedness perspective by developing propositions about the relationships of political ties’ interplays and public disapproval levels. In particular, the case data reveals that target nation ties play a stronger role than home country ties in influencing public disapproval of EMMNCs. Second, it enriches the perspective by providing an argument for the sociopolitical liabilities (i.e., generating concerns across domestic and international levels) of political ties, depending on the strength of such ties to the home country and to a target nation. Third, it adds to literature on nonmarket strategy by highlighting the sociopolitical liabilities of CPA conducted by leveraging partnerships with governments or intergovernmental relationships. We outline future research directions and implications for EMMNC managers.

Does International Status Affect Competence Ratings in Newly Formed Multinational Teams? The Role of Psychological Safety Growth and Verbal Behavior

National status has been found to influence how people are perceived in multinational teams. Team members from an international background are often perceived as less competent than those from the local context. Studies mainly focus on language differences to explain this phenomenon, but in this study, we offer a different theoretical explanation. We propose that national status can affect psychological safety and its development within teams, which in turn affects verbal behavior and competence ratings. To test this notion, we examine differences in psychological safety growth, verbal behavior and competence ratings among home country nationals based in the United Kingdom (UK) and international members of newly formed multinational teams. In a sample of 519 team members (101 teams), results showed that internationals, compared to home country nationals, have lower initial psychological safety, as well as slower development in psychological safety over time. Furthermore, the relationship between national status and competence ratings was partially mediated by psychological safety growth and verbal behavior. These results were fully replicated on a separate sample of 538 team members (90 teams) in a second study using an identical research design. However, exploratory analyses indicated that the pattern of findings were not consistent across team members from Africa, Asia, and Europe. The psychological safety of home nationals only started and grew more quickly than that of Asians, while only African and Asian team members spoke less and were rated as less competent. Together these results have implications for managers of newly formed multinational teams.

A health(y) subject? Examining discourses of health in physical education curricula across the UK

AbstractIn this paper, we present the findings from our critical analysis of the health discourses evident with physical education (PE) curricula in each UK home nation—England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. We carried out a critical discourse analysis of those curriculum documents that talk directly to PE teachers about how to organise, enact and assess PE curricula in schools. The results from our analysis uncovered that, with the exception of the curriculum in England, all PE curricula conceptualise health and wellbeing holistically. However, our analysis also uncovered complex health landscapes within curricula, where discourses move from notions of supporting and enabling pupil health and wellbeing towards a more concrete (and measurable) concept of health‐related learning, often associated with public health goals of promoting physical activity. Furthermore, although the public health discourses are presented in a way that suggests that young people will develop knowledge and skills to support their health, closer scrutiny reveals that they may be more associated with discourses of risk, promoting ‘healthy’ behaviours to avoid ‘ill health’. We conclude by suggesting that PE teachers need to develop a critical understanding of the health discourses within their PE curriculum. This will help them to navigate, interpret and enact curricula in an informed way, enabling them to challenge discourses that are deficit in nature, where pupils are taught how to be healthy, rather than having the freedom to learn about themselves and their health.

Australian intelligence oversight and accountability: efficacy and contemporary challenges

ABSTRACT In 2017, the results of a major independent intelligence review have sparked transformational changes in Australia’s National Intelligence Community (NIC). Much of this change is still underway, but less thought has been given to how reform changes to both national security and home affairs intelligence capabilities might affect existing oversight and accountability mechanisms. This article will assess how traditional oversight and accountability mechanisms of the NIC may be affected by these transformational changes and whether current mechanisms are likely to remain fit for purpose.

Their Daily Dread: Russian Orthodox Christians in Red Scare Detroit, 1918–1920

Abstract After World War I, Americans shifted xenophobic fears of German “Huns” to Russian “Reds.” Historians have largely ignored, however, that among the thousands of Slavic immigrants targeted in the ensuing First Red Scare were adherents of the Russian Orthodox Church. One example was on Detroit's east side, where ethnic Russian automotive workers used the spiritual, social, and educational resources of All Saints Russian Orthodox Church and a parish-affiliated fraternal organization, the Russian National Home, to advance in the Motor City's competitive labor market. Yet the Russian Revolutions of 1917 altered neighborhood dynamics, manifesting political disagreements that fractured the congregation. In April 1919, federal agents arrested thirteen men from the All Saints community, using sworn affidavits from other parishioners to allege the men constituted a dangerous “soviet” plotting to seize the church for revolutionary purposes. Exploring lived experiences in one immigrant neighborhood adversely affected by the Red Scare, this article excavates links between Russian Orthodox Christians and the Progressive Era political left. It also explores how amid heightened nativism, immigrants themselves seized on the federal government's zeal to root out “Reds,” wielding the full power of the Red Scare surveillance and deportation state to police the boundaries of their own religious community.

Empires of Antiquities: Modernity and Discovery of the Ancient Near East, 1914–1950

Empires of Antiquities: Modernity and Discovery of the Ancient Near East, 1914–1950

Moving social work from international social work to global social work through aligning SDG principles and social work education standards

ABSTRACT Much as the Sustainable Development Goals represent an evolution in shared global responsibility for development from the Millennium Development Goals, social work education can evolve from considering ‘international social work’ to thinking of ‘global social work.’ This evolution would consider social issues as shared across national borders rather than isolated to a nation or region and that all social workers, regardless of their home nation, can help address these issues. Social work educators can support this work by aligning education standards with the explicit and implicit curricula and specific examples of how this can be done are discussed. Accomplishing this will help achieve the 4th goal of the SDGs—quality education—as well as human rights standards.

Is it in Colloquial Singapore English

Colloquial Singapore English (CSE, commonly known as Singlish) is a linguistic variety used in Singapore, a Southeast Asian nation home to three major ethnic groups: the Chinese (74.35% of the citizen and permanent resident population), the Malays (13.43%), and the Indians (9%) (Singapore Department of Statistics, 2019). It is one of the best known post-colonial varieties of English and has been documented since the emergence of the field of world Englishes (e.g., Greenbaum, 1988; Richards & Tay, 1977). Linguistically, the grammar and lexicon of CSE are systematically imported from other non-English languages used in the island nation (Leimgruber, 2011). From a creolist perspective, it can be viewed as an English-lexifier creole that contains influences from Sinitic languages such as Hokkien, Cantonese and Mandarin, as well as Malay, Tamil and other varieties in the Singapore language ecology (McWhorter, 2007; Platt, 1975). Several distinct features across various levels of language have been investigated in CSE, including phonetics (Starr & Balasubramaniam, 2019), morphosyntax (Bao, 2010; Bao & Wee, 1999), semantics (Hiramoto & Sato, 2012), and pragmatics (Hiramoto, 2012; Leimgruber, 2016; Lim, 2007).

The Path and Value of User Participation Construction in Brand New Media Marketing

Under the Internet communication ecology, the number of China’s self-media has exploded, and enterprises have built their social accounts to form brand marketing, which has become a communication force that cannot be ignored. Nowadays, under the leadership of the chairman Dong Mingzhu, the national home appliance manufacturing brand "Gree Electric" has firmly grasped the new media operation, and successfully created online marketing with both sales and word-of-mouth. This paper takes the operation strategy of the Weibo account "Dong Mingzhu's Self-Media" as an example, analyzes the content, data and cases to conclude the reasons for its success, and tries to explore the build path and value of the sense of user participation, to provide a certain reference for the new media operation of China’s enterprises.

Sport, gender, and national interest during the Olympics: A comparative analysis of media representations in Central and Eastern Europe

Researchers have documented patterns in sports media coverage across a variety of geographical and media contexts extensively, but relatively few studies focus on the Central and Eastern European region. This study examines the agenda diversity of European public service media in Hungary, Croatia, and Slovenia on their sport-related Facebook accounts during the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. A content analysis identified featured sports, gender balance, and the role of national interest in the events and athletes represented. Sports agenda diversity was driven by the hegemony of men's football and national success at the Olympics. Gender imbalance in media coverage persists in the region even on public service broadcasters’ social media accounts. Women received coverage only when representing the home nation at an Olympic event. The hegemony of men's football is a transnational phenomenon, while Olympic coverage emphasizes sports that share historical associations with national identity. Sports agenda diversity in the three countries is heterogeneous and regionally distinct. In practice, broadcasters might temporarily minimize gender imbalance in Olympic coverage, but in ways that routinizes the national focus. Theoretical developments in agenda setting in coverage of international events should account both for transnational patterns in public service media in the region and local particularities.

Assessment and Management Tools for Advancing Disease.

As the population of the United States has aged, the number of home care patients with multiple chronic diseases has also increased. A review of the literature suggested that layering palliative care principles on traditional home healthcare could improve outcomes for patients with advancing disease. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to educate home care staff on the use of assessment and management tools to identify symptoms and provide symptom control, prevent unnecessary hospitalizations, and reduce healthcare costs in patients with advancing disease. This project took place at eight offices of a national home care agency in Kentucky and Indiana. Nurses, social workers, and therapists attended mandatory education sessions over 5 months on integrating palliative care principles into care planning for home care patients and using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and state-specific end-of-life planning tools. Symptoms were tracked and managed. A paired-samples t-test was used to analyze ESAS scores. Hospitalization and rehospitalization rates and costs were compared and benchmarked. Some symptoms worsened from beginning to end of the episode of care, suggesting a need for additional staff training about symptom management. The wide range of symptoms and symptom worsening suggest the need for individualized care, possibly extended home healthcare, and the inclusion of a more formal palliative care course for staff on symptom management.

Now

Now

Rafael Halperin’s Contribution to Israel’s Emerging Body Culture

The concept of “muscular Judaism” coined by Max Nordau has been interpreted in different ways. For Nordau, the image of a Jew standing fit was a rebuttal to anti-Semites and the answer to Jews’ unmet aspirations for a national home. In practical terms, “muscular Judaism” translated into excellence in sport. As athletes, the Jews could make their mark and move from the fringes of society into the mainstream. This concept evolved over the years, reflecting changing times, shifts in global thinking and national needs. After the establishment of the state, Israeli society underwent a process of Americanization that was accompanied by a new understanding of muscular Judaism and body image. This article discusses three physical fitness trends that redefined the concept of muscular Judaism: gym training, bodybuilding, and catch wrestling. These were rooted in the American aesthetic ideal, a far cry from the ideology and collective socialist worldview prevalent in Israel.