Home In Spain Research Articles

Food Consumption Away from Home in Spain

The aim of this paper is to analyze food away from home consumption in Spain. The economic framework to study consumer behavior on food away from home is based on the Household Production Theory by Becker, or Becker's Model. This model states that consumers maximize their utility subject not only to the budget constraint but also to a time constraint. Moreover, this model assumes that consumers demand not only the food product itself but also the associated convenience to save time in food preparation. Therefore, the relation between the value of time and food away from home has a high relevance. Data came from the Spanish Continuous Household Survey (Encuesta Continua de Presupuestos Familiares) for 1996. Due to the large number of zeros in the dependent variable, food consumption away from home, different dependent variable censured models (Double Hurdle, Infrequency of Purchase, etc.) have been specified and estimated. After carrying out different tests, the Independent Double-Hurdle model has been finally used to estimate total food consumption away from home. Main results indicate that income and the value of housewife time have a positive and significant effect on food consumption away from home. Expenditure elasticity for food away from home is 1.83; that means that it can be considered a luxury good.

Leaving home in Spain: When, where and why?

Holdsworth C., Voas D. and Tranmer M. (2002) Leaving home in Spain: when, where and why?, Reg. Studies 36, 989–1004. Spanish transitions out of the parental home are characterized by older ages of leaving and a close association between leaving home and partnership formation, compared to countries in northern Europe. Yet throughout Spain we find important regional variation in the intensity and timing of leaving home. This paper provides new insights into the causes of this regional diversity, focusing on both economic and cultural dimensions. The analyses are based on multilevel models that control for individual and provincial characteristics. Economic factors play a vital role at the individual level, yet are less important at the provincial level. Regional variation is more closely associated with the impact of both the timing of partnership formation and the relationship between leaving home and getting married. These distinctive regional patterns of leaving home and partnership formation are discussed with reference to historical traditions of family and household formation.

Outbreak of pneumococcal disease in a nursing home in Spain

On 6 February 2002, a cluster of pneumonia cases was reported to the Sección de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Servicio Aragonés de Salud (epidemiological surveillance unit, health services of Aragon) in Zaragoza, Spain; all patients were residents of a nursing home for elderly people. The residents in the home were aged 56-102 years, the median age was 86.

Axel Homburg — On his 65th Birthday

At a meeting held in 1969, the research and development director of Dynamit Nobel AG's Liebenau facility was full of praise about a recently recruited colleague who would go far in his opinion. Events proved him entirely correct, for Dr. Axel Homburg, the object of the director's enthusiasm, was entrusted with the management of the explosives research and development department as early as 1972. In 1980, he took over the management of the military technology division, and in 1983, he was made a member of the board of directors, which he chaired from 1987 until the time of his retirement, when he joined the supervisory board. Dr. Homburg's natural friendliness, diplomatic deftness, and profound knowledge of military technology, particularly propellants and explosives, have made him not only a sought-after expert but also a welcome guest. Thus, in many years of service as spokesman of the BDI Defence Industry Working Group and the German Section of the NATO Industrial Group he has won universal recognition not only in Germany but all over the world. Because of this, he is now an active, trend-setting member of many decision-making bodies including, for instance, his commitment on behalf of Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics (PEP), a scientific and technical journal of global renown. On frequent occasions, editors and employees of PEP gladly use and appreciate his extraordinary store of information and advice. For many years, Dr. Homburg has been closely associated with PEP through his membership in the advisory and editorial advisory boards, and all who benefit from this journal, which is almost unique in its field, fervently wish that Dr. Homburg may be around for a long while yet to lend advice and assistance. His scientific ambitions have led him to maintain, from the very start of his career, close links with the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) of Pfinztal-Berg-hausen near Karlsruhe, where the PEP's editorial office is located. In 1983, he was co-opted into the ICT's board of governors, which he has chaired since 1994. During the latter period, in which the Institute changed the orientation of its scientific activities, his influence on developments was vast and lasting. At this year's meeting of the ICT board of governors Dr. Homburg was confirmed in office for another term of three years. In recognition of his important services, Dr. Axel Homburg was awarded the Order of Merit by the President of the Federal Republic of Germany. When Dr. Homburg retired in 1997 in a move that resembled a retreat not so much as an advance, he was asked whether he was now returning to a regime of unlimited spare time. After brief consideration, he replied in effect that while he had as little time to spare as before, he was now allotting it differently. Thus, he was indulging himself by getting up one hour later and taking ample time to read his paper, but in all other respects things were pretty much the same To be sure, we would all like to see Dr. Homburg taking more time to enjoy his hobbies, such as savouring a drop of good wine or a glass of outstanding champagne. May he have occasion to pander to these passions, now that he is able to retreat to his second home in Spain more often, and may he find the time there to place his expertise at the service of PEP – or whatever. We, the editors and readers of PEP, all wish that you, dear Dr. Homburg, may remain available to us all for advice and assistance, and that you may continue to enjoy your usual energy in the next year as well as in many more years to come.

Leaving home in Spain: a regional analysis.

"This paper compares regional patterns of leaving home in Spain during the 1970s and 1980s based on analysis of the 1991 Spanish Sociodemographic Survey. The purpose of this analysis is to demonstrate that while nationally Spain is representative of a southern European pattern of leaving home, (i.e. relatively late and closely associated with partnership formation), there is considerable regional variation in timing, incidence and initial destinations on leaving home. These differences are explored using hazard rates of leaving home by destination and birth cohort for 11 Spanish regions."

Leaving home in Spain: a regional analysis

Leaving home in Spain: a regional analysis

Working Women and Expenditures on Food Away‐From‐Home and At‐Home in Spain

Spain currently is experiencing rapid cultural and economic changes that influence food markets. In this paper, the selection and purchase of food away from home and at home in Spain are modeled in a two‐stage process using switching regression techniques with explicit accounting for the value of women's time available for household production. The empirical results show that the value of women's time, income, and household demographic variables are important determinants of both participation in the market for and expenditures on food away from home. The paper concludes that high‐income, young families with few children and employed family heads are more likely to consume food away from home and also to spend more than others on food away from home.

Good faith and truthful ignorance: a case of transatlantic bigamy

Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance uncovers from history the fascinating and strange story of Spanish explorer Francisco Noguerol de Ulloa. in 1556, accompanied by his second wife, Francisco returned to his home in Spain after a profitable twenty-year sojourn in the new world of Peru. However, unlike most other rich conquistadores who returned to the land of their birth, Francisco was not allowed to settle into a life of leisure. Instead, he was charged with bigamy and illegal shipment of silver, was arrested and imprisoned. Francisco’s first wife (thought long dead) had filed suit in Spain against her renegade husband. So begins the labyrinthine legal tale and engrossing drama of an explorer and his two wives, skillfully reconstructed through the expert and original archival research of Alexandra Parma Cook and Noble David Cook. Drawing on the remarkable records from the trial, the narrative of Francisco’s adventures provides a window into daily life in sixteenth-century Spain, as well as the mentalite and experience of conquest and settlement of the New World. Told from the point of view of the conquerors, Francisco’s story reveals not only the lives of the middle class and minor nobility but also much about those at the lower rungs of the social order and relations between the sexes. In the tradition of Carlo Ginzberg’s The Cheese and the Worms and Natalie Zemon Davis’ The Return of Martin Guerre, Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance illuminates an historical period—the world of sixteenth-century Spain and Peru—through the wonderful and unusual story of one man and his two wives.

The Independent Historical Society

by WALTER MUIR WHITEHILL 8 The Independent Historical Society 1 Four to undertake years ago, a study when of it independent was announced historical that I soci- was to undertake a study of independent historical societies for the Council on Library Resources, the late Carl L. Lokke of the National Archives wrote me suggesting that I include the activities of the Norwegian-American Historical Association . This pleasant and welcome communication, which gave me my first knowledge of the organization, concluded: "For your study you will have to draw the line somewhere. When you draw it, I hope the Norwegian-American Historical Association will land within it." A letter of inquiry soon brought me full information, including a copy of Dean Biegen and Professor Bjork's A Review and a Challenge describing the aims of the association. This brochure, admirable in tone and impressive in content, combined with the list of publications, immediately convinced me of the soundness of Lokke's advice. Thus, on April 1, 1960, my wife and I paid a visit to the association's quarters in the library of St. Olaf College at Northfield. Of this day, I noted in my journal: "Professor Lloyd Hustvedt, Secretary of the Society, showed 1 An address presented at the triennial meeting of the Norwegian-American Historical Association in Minneapolis, May 11, 1963. Ed. 198 THE INDEPENDENT SOCIETÏ us their remarkable publications, well edited, well printed studies of the highest scholarly seriousness, printed out of receipts of membership dues and the free work of various people who have too many other things to do. Hustvedt was a sensitive, learned and delightful man - one of the finest we have met, as was his association. Unfortunately he had a class to teach, but Professor Theodore Jorgenson and Dr. and Mrs. Clarence Clausen took us to lunch in a charming Norwegian restaurant, oddly hidden under a bowling alley, where we had wall-eyed pike, the best fish we have encountered in our travels , and much good talk. At two we regretfully left our amiable Norwegians and drove back to Minneapolis." While traveling through three quarters of the fifty states in the course of my study, I have encountered a gratifying number of people who pursue learning, cultivate the arts, enjoy good conversation, food, and drink, and cherish the features of building and scene that differentiate their community from the next. But I have remembered that day in Northfield with such particular pleasure that I am especially happy to have been invited to return to Minnesota for this triennial meeting, at which I have been able to enlarge my acquaintance among my fellow members of the Norwegian-American Historical Association. When the association's last directory was published, there were thirteen members in my state of Massachusetts. The names of eleven, including Anderson, Eklund, Halvorson, and Larson, have a clear ethnic reason for being numbered among those interested in Norwegian-American history. The other two names - my own and that of the library of the Boston Athenaeum, whose affairs I direct - indicate solely disinterested respect and admiration for sound historical research and writing without any consideration of family or geographical ties. I was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, fifty-seven years ago. Every ancestor of mine that I have heard of came out of England,' Scotland, or Wales, most of them before the Ameri199 Walter Muir WhitehM can Revolution. In the first two thirds of my life, I instinctively headed east, rather than west. Thus, while I was quite at home in Spain, France, and the British Isles, I was forty years old before I reached Chicago, and got there then only because I was in naval uniform and under orders. In recent years I have been making up for that ignorance as rapidly as I can. I cite it, with shame, solely to reinforce my status as a disinterested observer. It would be pointless, particularly after a good dinner catered by Ludvig Roed, whose restaurant in Northfield I remember with such pleasure, for me to attempt to summarize the accomplishments of the Norwegian-American Historical Association over the past thirty-eight years. They speak for themselves, and with particular clarity to those of you who...

The Exile and Death of Victoriano Huerta

NE OF THE most important and controversial personalities of the Mexican Revolution was Victoriano Huerta. Huerta appeared from obscurity in 1913 and returned to obscurity in 1914. One of the most interesting and little known periods of his career was that which followed his exile in July, 1914. Although no studies of importance have appeared concerning his activities during this period, their significance could well have been world wide. In February, 1913, President Francisco Madero of Mexico was overthrown by a coup d 'etat led by Felix Diaz and Victoriano Huerta. A few days later Madero was murdered by representatives of the new regime. The new president, Victoriano Huerta, long one of Mexico's most effective generals but a newcomer to politics, retained power tenaciously until July, 1914. The iluerta government was denied recognition by the United States under President Woodrow Wilson who was convinced that Huerta was personally responsible for the murder of Madero. No real proof of Huerta's responsibility had appeared but his guilt was widely accepted and several groups rose in armed opposition to him. A deadly but indecisive period of civil war between the troops of Huerta and those of Venustiano Carranza, Francisco Villa, and Emiliano Zapata followed. In April, 1914, American opposition to iHuerta culminated in the seizure of Vera Cruz by American forces. Protracted negotiations followed at Niagara Falls under the auspices of the A.B.C. powers. While negotiations continued the Constitutionalist forces under Carranza gained strength and swept toward Mexico City. By the middle of July, 1914, Huerta's position had become impossible, and he resigned his office and fled to Puerto Mexico. On July 20 he and his family boarded the German cruiser Dresden and sailed for Jamaica. Since the ex-president spoke only Spanish, he decided to make his home in Spain. He appeared exhausted as he

Russian Versions of Don Juan

The legend of Don Juan with all its wonderful possibilities could not fail sooner or later to reach Russia on its triumphant march through Europe from its home in Spain. In truth we find that as early as the reign of Peter the Great (the first quarter of the eighteenth century) there was produced a Don-Yan. Only the fifth act of this is preserved, but it seems to be a Russian translation of a Polish version of Villiers' Le Festin de Pierre. For a century more there is no Russian version and it is not until the time of Pushkin that we find a really valuable contribution to the development of the legend.