Home Department Research Articles

Acute care of cyclic vomiting syndrome and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in the home and emergency department for: Special supplement/proceedings of 3rd international symposium.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) are both characterized by episodic, acute transitions from asymptomatic states to highly symptomatic states of nausea, repetitive vomiting, and often severe abdominal pain. Patients with CVS and CHS face significant challenges to abort or mitigate episodes at home and often require emergency department (ED)-based care. This paper reviews the current treatment approach to abort acute CVS and CHS episodes at home and in ED settings. Multiple pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions have been demonstrated to potentially abort CVS or CHS episodes. Systemic pharmacologic agents often used as abortive therapy include triptans, antiemetics, anxiolytics, NK-1 receptor antagonists, antipsychotics, sedatives in general, and various analgesic / anti-inflammatory medications. Nonsystemic, nonpharmacologic approaches include reducing external stimuli (quiet room, dim lights, etc.), and hot water bathing or the application of topical capsaicin cream. More research is needed to develop evidence-based, individualized abortive treatment plans, as well as to determine whether the abortive treatment for CVS requires a fundamentally different approach than for CHS. When home-based approaches fail, all patients with CVS or CHS should receive nonjudgmental, informed, and compassionate care in the ED to abort their episode. Patients with more severe forms of CVS/CHS who require more frequent ED utilization should develop care plans with their ED to assure predictable and effective treatment.

(Invited) S. R. Narayan and the Electrochemistry Scene at the Institute of Science

The late Prof. S. R. Narayan was trained at the prestigious Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India. This author had the fortune of also receiving his Ph.D. degree from the same institution, albeit not quite in the area of electrochemistry but in a closely allied topic, namely, solid state chemistry. This author also did not overlap with the symposium honoree but was quite familiar with the infrastructure and faculty that existed in the department at the time Prof. Narayn graduated. The home department went by the acronym "IPC" and stood for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry. This talk will first summarize the electrochemistry division in that department and the R&D activities in progress in the 1970s and 80s. Then my talk will briefly address the areas where my own research overlapped with Prof. Narayan's research interests in the area of fuel cells. The talk will conclude with some personal recollections and reminiscences of this very fine gentleman and electrochemist.

Long COVID Definitions and Models of Care : A Scoping Review.

Definitions of long COVID are evolving, and optimal models of care are uncertain. To perform a scoping review on definitions of long COVID and provide an overview of care models, including a proposed framework to describe and distinguish models. English-language articles from Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, SocINDEX, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL published between January 2021 and November 2023; gray literature; and discussions with 18 key informants. Publications describing long COVID definitions or models of care, supplemented by models described by key informants. Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified for accuracy by another reviewer. Of 1960 screened citations, 38 were included. Five clinical definitions of long COVID varied with regard to timing since symptom onset and the minimum duration required for diagnosis; 1 additional definition was symptom score-based. Forty-nine long COVID care models were informed by 5 key principles: a core "lead" team, multidisciplinary expertise, comprehensive access to diagnostic and therapeutic services, a patient-centered approach, and providing capacity to meet demand. Seven characteristics provided a framework for distinguishing models: home department or clinical setting, clinical lead, collocation of other specialties, primary care role, population managed, use of teleservices, and whether the model was practice- or systems-based. Using this framework, 10 representative practice-based and 3 systems-based models of care were identified. Published literature often lacked key model details, data were insufficient to assess model outcomes, and there was overlap between and variability within models. Definitions of long COVID and care models are evolving. Research is needed to optimize models and evaluate outcomes of different models. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (Protocol posted at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/long-covid-models-care/protocol.).

October 2023 to January 2024

Probably the biggest legal news of the period under consideration was the judgment of the Supreme Court in R (AAA (Syria) & Ors) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2023] UKSC 42, [2023] WLR 4433, in which it held unanimously that the Government's policy of sending asylum-seekers to Rwanda was unlawful. One critical issue was that under section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998, it is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way that is incompatible with a right under the ECHR – and the Secretary of State is a public authority for that purpose.

Evacuation and Health Care Outcomes Among Assisted Living Residents After Hurricane Irma

Evacuation has been found to be associated with adverse outcomes among nursing home residents during hurricanes, but the outcomes for assisted living (AL) residents remain unknown. To examine the association between evacuation and health care outcomes (ie, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, mortality, and nursing home visits) among Florida AL residents exposed to Hurricane Irma. Retrospective cohort study using 2017 Medicare claims data. Participants were a cohort of Florida AL residents who were aged 65 years or older, enrolled in Medicare fee-for-service, and resided in 9-digit zip codes corresponding to US assisted living communities with 25 or more beds on September 10, 2017, the day of Hurricane Irma's landfall. Propensity score matching was used to match evacuated residents to those that sheltered-in-place based on resident and AL characteristics. Data were analyzed from September 2022 to February 2024. Whether the AL community evacuated or sheltered-in-place before Hurricane Irma made landfall. Thirty- and 90-day emergency department visits, hospitalizations, mortality, and nursing home admissions. The study cohort included 25 130 Florida AL residents (mean [SD] age 81 [9] years); 3402 (13.5%) evacuated and 21 728 (86.5%) did not evacuate. The evacuated group had 2223 women (65.3%), and the group that sheltered-in-place had 14 556 women (67.0%). In the evacuated group, 42 residents (1.2%) were Black, 93 (2.7%) were Hispanic, and 3225 (94.8%) were White. In the group that sheltered in place, 490 residents (2.3%) were Black, 707 (3.3%) were Hispanic, and 20 212 (93.0%) were White. After 1:4 propensity score matching, when compared with sheltering-in-place, evacuation was associated with a 16% greater odds of emergency department visits (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.33; P = .04) and 51% greater odds of nursing home visits (AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.14-2.00; P = .01) within 30 days of Hurricane Irma's landfall. Hospitalization and mortality did not vary significantly by evacuation status within 30 or 90 days after the landfall date. In this cohort study of Florida AL residents, there was an increased risk of nursing home and emergency department visits within 30 days of Hurricane Irma's landfall among residents from communities that evacuated before the storm when compared with residents from communities that sheltered-in-place. The stress and disruption caused by evacuation may yield poorer immediate health outcomes after a major storm for AL residents. Therefore, the potential benefits and harms of evacuating vs sheltering-in-place must be carefully considered when developing emergency planning and response.

Check off, Variation of Contract and Collective Voice: Secretary of State for the Home Department v Cox

Check off, Variation of Contract and Collective Voice: <i>Secretary of State for the Home Department v Cox</i>

408 Awardee Talk: Team Approach to Beef Cattle Extension Programming

Abstract Over 100 years ago, the Smith Lever Act created the Cooperative Extension Service in conjunction with the land grant institutions. Extension has seen much change with a never-ending list of challenges presenting themselves. Graduate training programs are typically discipline focused, answering questions using the scientific method. Most new hires have limited exposure to Extension educational program development and likely have not received training in curriculum planning, program assessment or logic model development. The learning curve can be even steeper when one accepts a position with multiple disciplinary responsibilities or outside their industry sector focus (i.e., cow/calf verses feedlot nutrition). Success is often determined by developing relationships with experienced faculty both at their institution and others in the region. Guidance can be sought from these experienced individuals, knowledge can be gained from their successes and failures, and one can learn the Extension arm of the land grant system quickly from these relationships. Relationships should not be limited to the home department of the individual but should reach across disciplines to engage others to work with and learn from to aid in developing a system-wide view of agricultural production. Regional research and extension groups are key contributors to building multi-state programming of new Extension specialists. Access to funds is critical for the implementation of Extension programming and these networks increase funding opportunities. My success in Extension is a shared success with all those that were kind enough to take the time to teach me a little of their area of expertise. Having the willingness to be part of a team in developing Extension programming for beef cattle has resulted in a rewarding career. New hires in the Extension specialist role will find building a team to work with to develop effective beef programs will ease their transition from graduate student to Extension specialist.

Detection and isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants collected from residential settings.

Airborne transmission of infectious (viable) SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly accepted as the primary manner by which the virus is spread from person to person. Risk of exposure to airborne virus is higher in enclosed and poorly ventilated spaces. We present a study focused on air sampling within residences occupied by individuals with COVID-19. Air samplers (BioSpot-VIVAS, VIVAS, and BC-251) were positioned in primary- and secondary-occupancy regions in seven homes. Swab samples were collected from high-touch surfaces. Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 was attempted for samples with virus detectable by RT-qPCR. Viable virus was quantified by plaque assay, and complete virus genome sequences were obtained for selected samples from each sampling day. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 24 of 125 samples (19.2%) by RT-qPCR and isolated from 14 (11.2%) in cell cultures. It was detected in 80.9% (17/21) and cultured from 61.9% (13/21) of air samples collected using water condensation samplers, compared to swab samples which had a RT-qPCR detection rate of 10.5% (4/38) and virus isolation rate of 2.63% (1/38). No statistically significant differences existed in the likelihood of virus detection by RT-qPCR or amount of infectious virus in the air between areas of primary and secondary occupancy within residences. Our work provides information about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the air within homes of individuals with COVID-19. Information herein can help individuals make informed decisions about personal exposure risks when sharing indoor spaces with infected individuals isolating at home and further inform health departments and the public about SARS-CoV-2 exposure risks within residences.

KS (Thailand) v Secretary of State for the Home Department

KS (Thailand) v Secretary of State for the Home Department

ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION COHESION STRENGTHENING IN COMPLEX NARRATIVE TEXTS

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;This paper aims to explain some of the aspects which strengthen and coordinate cohesion productivity in translation as one of the basic textuality standards which hold the translation text together, making it more comprehensive as well as intelligible to the reader. The research focus will be on twenty translated narrative texts of a medium textual complexity, which are product of students attending the course of translation with the home department. All twenty texts have been archived and are qualified as exam documents, thus used as a source of information for this research endeavor. The gathered database of translations will be analyticallyapproached using comparative method based upon cohesion evidence in each, aiming at the end to conduct a summative assessment of the percentage level strength in all translated texts. The analytical part will be dealing with detection of words of a wide range typology, which play the role of cohesive devices of a wide range, counting their efficiency in terms of the overall Texture Analyzer Observation i.e. Test, which finally come up with the overall Cohesion Functionality Percentage (CFP) at level of all twenty translations. The hypothesis aims to give an answer to the frequency evidence of these devices and their transfer from SL to TT. And finally, the qualitative descriptive conclusions, are supposed to create a clearer theoretical picture proving the fact that cohesion strengthening is a factor which preserves and sets rules of Semantic Consistency Balance (SCB) between the two languages in combination.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&lt;/strong&gt; Translation, narrative, cohesive, devices, strengthen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Reshaping Insanity in Pakistani Law: The Case of Safia Bano.

This Article analyzes the 2021 judgment of the Supreme Court of Pakistan in the case of Mst. Safia Bano v. Home Department, Government of Punjab. The case has garnered significant local and international attention due to the Court's ruling that a death sentence may not be carried out on a defendant who has a mental illness. Setting the case against the backdrop of Pakistan's Islamic and colonial contexts, this article argues that the Supreme Court has reshaped the insanity defense in Pakistani law by placing the determination of a defendant's mental state mainly in the hands of medical professionals. However, the Court's reliance on medical professionals and the subsequent downplaying of the "moral capacity" element of the insanity defense-a determination of law made by courts-has created an obstacle for courts to punish offenders more stringently in future cases due to the popular belief that mental health professionals are ill-equipped to answer broader questions of justice for victims and society. The article recommends that this issue can be remedied by establishing an objective legal test for insanity that considers Islamic law, Pakistani precedent, and advances in medical science.

Increasing the Powers of the Secretary of State for the Home Department to Strip Individuals of their British Citizenship: R (on the application of Begum) v SSHD

In R (on the application of Begum) v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ms Shamima Begum was deprived of her British citizenship by the Secretary of State for the Home Department, as she had chosen to flee to Syria, and aligned herself with Islamic State of Iraq and Levant. To safeguard the UK's national security, the Supreme Court held that Ms Begum could not return to the UK to challenge the legality of the decision to deprive her of her citizenship. Accordingly, this matter was recently heard in the Special Immigration Appeals Commission whilst Ms Begum remained outside the UK. This piece argues that, as a result of this decision, the equilibrium of power has further shifted in favour of the executive/Secretary of State for the Home Department. This has the effect of attenuating the powers of the appellate bodies to hear cases regarding deprivation of citizenship matters.

Student Researchers’ Reflections on the AAA Undergraduate Fellowship

AbstractWhen the American Anthropological Association offered its Undergraduate Research Fellows program in 2019–2020, the intent was not only to obtain ethnographic insights into the college‐workforce transition for anthropology majors, but also to provide a meaningful educational experience to the participating student‐researchers. Previously (Ginsberg and Jackson, this issue), we have situated the fellowship program with reference to ethnography of higher education and native ethnography; in this paper, by contrast, we contextualize it with scholarship on high‐impact practices in undergraduate education, including research opportunities, collaborative assignments, and community‐based learning. We then present reflections from the student‐researchers themselves regarding what they learned through participation in the fellows program. In their reflections, the fellows describe a process of becoming more central members of three overlapping communities of practice: the AAA research team, their respective home departments, and the discipline of anthropology overall. We conclude by discussing reasons why anthropology is particularly well suited to provide undergraduate research opportunities, and why doing so would strengthen the discipline as well.

Chewable Tobacco is Significantly Associated with Dental Caries and Periodontitis Among Incarcerated Women in Prison

Background: Substance use is common among vulnerable populations including prisoners. The study aimed to assess the incidence of chewable tobacco and its association with dental caries and periodontal health status among incarcerated women (prisoners). Methods: A cross-sectional study (December 2021 to February 2022) was conducted on prisoners (Central Jail for Women, Karachi). Approval from the Institutional Review Board, JSMU (JSMU/IRB/2021/579) and permission from the Home Department, Government of Sindh (HD/SO(PRS-I)/11-235/2021), was sought before the study. All females (n=131), aged 18-65 years, serving various jail terms, were selected. The data on chewable tobacco, betel quid, paan, and gutka was recorded. Indices, like D (Decayed), M (Missing), F (Filled) teeth (DMFT) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI), were used to assess dental health status. To assess the association between dental caries and periodontal disease severity, ANOVA, Student t-test, and Chi-square was used. A p-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 131, about 22 (16.8%) prisoners were active smokers. The most consumed substance among participants were chalia 38 (29%), gutka 38 (29%) followed by pan 23 (17.6%) and tobacco 23 (17.6%) with a mean duration of 6.73 (7.72) years ranging between 0-40 years. DMFT score was not found significantly correlated with substance use among study participants (p=0.100). However, the severity of periodontitis observed was significantly (p=0.031) related to chewable tobacco. Conclusion: The study found a significant association between substance use and the severity of periodontitis (p=0.031) highlighting the alarming health status among incarcerated women in the prison. Keywords: Caries; Dental Health; Incarceration; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal; Substance Use.

The UK GDPR, the Immigration Exception and Brexit: Interrogating Open Rights Group v Secretary of State for the Home Department and its Aftermath

This note explores the holding, context and aftermath of the judgments which declared the so‐called ʻimmigration exceptionʼ set out in the UK Data Protection Act 2018 incompatible with, and assumed it subject to, the (UK) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) restrictions clause (article 23). The subsequent limitation of this exemption's use to the government is impactful in itself. However, this case has much wider significance. Firstly, the finding that the restrictions clause mandates granular specificity places in jeopardy many exemptions not only in the UK but also in EU States. Secondly, the assumption that this article was engaged is questionable since, as reworded post‐Brexit, it is restricted to limitations laid down in delegated legislation. Nevertheless, this rewording depended on powers limited to addressing post‐Brexit technical ʻdeficienciesʼ and so is ultra vires. The Court of Appeal should have addressed this in order to vindicate the rule of law and separation of powers.

Optimizing team science in an academic medical center: A qualitative examination of investigator perspectives.

Optimizing the effectiveness of a team-based approach to unite multiple disciplines in advancing specific translational areas of research is foundational to improving clinical practice. The current study was undertaken to examine investigators' experiences of participation in transdisciplinary team science initiatives, with a focus on challenges and recommendations for improving effectiveness. Qualitative interviews were conducted with investigators from twelve multidisciplinary teams awarded pilot research funding by the University of Kentucky College of Medicine to better understand the barriers and facilitators to effective team science within an academic medical center. An experienced qualitative researcher facilitated one-on-one interviews, which lasted about one hour. Structured consensus coding and thematic analysis were conducted. The sample was balanced by gender, career stage (five were assistant professor at the time of the award, seven were senior faculty), and training (six were PhDs; six were MD physicians). Key themes at the team-level centered on the tension between clinical commitments and research pursuits and the limitations for effective team functioning. Access to tangible support from home departments and key university centers was identified as a critical organizational facilitator of successful project completion. Organizational barriers centered on operationalizing protected time for physicians, gaps in effective mentoring, and limitations in operational support. Prioritizing tailored mentoring and career development support for early career faculty, and particularly physician faculty, emerged as a key recommendation for improving team science in academic medical centers. The findings contribute to establishing best practices and policies for team science in academic medical centers.

Теория и практика современной речевой коммуникации: парадигмы научного поиска О.Б. Сиротининой (к 100-летию выдающегося российского лингвиста)

The article is dedicated to the well-known Russian scientist - Prof. of Philology, Honoured Professor of Saratov State University (SSU), full member of the Academy of Sciences of Higher Education, honorary worker in the field of education, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation - Olga Borisovna Sirotinina, who on June 27, 2023 is celebrating her 100th anniversary. The purpose of the article is to tell about O.B. Sirotinina as one of our outstanding contemporaries, a remarkable Scientist, Teacher and Unique Person, about her invaluable contribution to linguistics. Olga Borisovna has devoted her whole life to science, work at her home department of the Russian language, speech communication and Russian as a foreign language. In the 1960s, O.B. Sirotinina headed a group of Saratov researchers to study colloquial speech. Meanwhile, the range of her interests as a researcher is incredibly wide: dialectology, Russian literary language, word order in Russian, functional stylistics, linguoecology, culture of speech, rhetoric, language media and more. Under her leadership, a school for the study of the Russian language functioning in various spheres of communication was formed at SSU; 58 PhD and 16 Prof. thesies were defended. Olga Borisovna has generously shared her knowledge with her students. The article says how the traditions of the Saratov school developed; a brief overview of the main works that determined the contribution of O.B. Sirotinina to linguistics is presented. One of the main issues for the researcher today is the fate of the Russian language. What has always been characteristic of Olga Borisovna Sirotinina is concern for the language, its present and future.

Topic modelling and emotion analysis of the tweets of British and American politicians on the topic of war in Ukraine

This paper focuses on the content and emotive features of four politicians' posts that were published on their official Twitter accounts during the three-month period of the russian invasion of Ukraine. We selected two British politicians – Boris Johnson, the Prime Minister of the UK, and Yvette Cooper, the Labour MP and Shadow Home Secretary of the State for the Home Department – as well as two American politicians, President Joe Biden and Republican senator Marco Rubio. In the first phase, we identified the most frequent lexical tokens used by the politicians to inform the world community about the war in Ukraine. For this purpose, we used Voyant Tools, a web-based application for text analysis. These tokens were divided into three groups according to the level of their frequency. Additionally, we measured the distribution of the most frequent lexical tokens across the three-month time span. In the next phase, we analysed the context of the identified lexical tokens, thereby outlining the subject of the tweets. To do this, we extracted collocations using the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) library. During the final phase of the research, we performed topic modelling using the Gibbs Sampling algorithm for the Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture model (GSDMM) and emotion analysis using the NRC Lexicon library.

R (Project for the Registration of Children as British Citizens &amp; Ors) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2022] UKSC 3; [2022] 2 WLR 343

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Implementing pathways to anesthesiology: Promoting diversity, equity, inclusion, and success.

Implementing pathways to anesthesiology: Promoting diversity, equity, inclusion, and success.