Home-based Research Articles

Facility- and Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Achieve Similar Magnitude of Functional Improvements

BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been demonstrated to increase functional capacity in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, research has found only 14 to 31% of eligible patients participate in facility-based (FB) CR; participation appears to be even lower within the Veteran Administration (VA) with only 8 to 10% of eligible Veterans participating. Home-based (HB) CR may be a viable alternative to expand CR utilization. In a VA quality improvement project, we compared functional gains achieved in FB-CR versus HB-CR for Veterans with CVD. METHODS: Veterans diagnosed with CVD were assessed pre- and post- CR including medical and functional assessment [6 Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), Gait Speed (GS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG)]. Low risk patients were given the option to participate in the FB- or HB-CR program. Moderate and high risk patients participated only in FB-CR. FB-CR entailed standardized exercise training and education; 1 to 3 hospital-based sessions per week over 12 weeks (range of 24-36 sessions). HB-CR entailed an initial onsite exercise education session and then verbal exercise review/reinforcement and education over the phone, one session per week for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, patients in both groups were reassessed. RESULTS: As shown in the Table, significant improvements in 6MWD, GS, and TUG were evident for both FB- and HB-CR. Similar magnitude of changes were achieved in both CR groups.Table: No title available.Conclusion: FB- and HB-CR were associated with similar improvements in key functional metrics, suggesting that both programs achieve valuable functional gains in patients that ranged in CVD severity. This extends the promise of HB-CR as a format of CR that not only has the potential to increase participation, especially for the many eligible patients who are curtailed by logistics, but to achieve similar efficacy. Functional recovery after a cardiovascular event is a critical step towards improved quality of life and reduced disability.

The Effect of Home based Exercise on Treatment of Women with Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome; a single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The most common reproductive endocrine disorder of reproductive age women is a Poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Metabolic syndrome has been more reported in patients with PCOS in comparison to general population. Few investigations have been performed to evaluate the independent effect of exercise on biochemical and clinical symptoms of patients with PCOS. The aim of the study was to find the effect of home base aerobic-strengthening exercises on anthropometric and hormonal variables of patients with PCOS.MaterialsandMethods:In this randomized controlled trial twenty women in the exercise group performed aerobic, strengthening exercises; the other 20 participants in the control group were advised to continue their previous physical activity pattern. Blood pressure, Waist to Hip ratio (WHR), BMI along with hormonal variables(including insulin related factors, sexual hormones and inflammatory factors) were assessed at baselineand after the 12 week intervention).Results:16patients in the exercise group and 14 patients in control group finished the study. TheWHR (p<0.001) along with the blood level of insulin (p=0.016), FBS (p=0.044), Prolactine (p=0.022) and hsCRP (p=0.035) and HOMA index (p=0.009) were decreased significantly in the exercise group compared with the control group. No significant differences were found in lipid profile and sexual hormones between groups at the end of the study.Conclusion:We can conclude that 12 weeks combined aerobic-strengthening exercise program in women with poly cystic ovary syndrome can lead to a reduction of waist to hip ratio (WHR) and some cardiovascular risk factors (including insulin, FBS, HOMA index and HsCRP) along with an increase of prolactine level in these patients.

Home-Based Therapy for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

To compare the effectiveness of home-based (HB) computer vergence/accommodative therapy (HB-C) to HB near target push-up therapy (HB-PU) and to HB placebo treatment (HB-P) among children aged 9 to <18 years with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI). In this multicenter randomized clinical trial, participants were randomly assigned to computer therapy, near target push-ups, or placebo. All therapy was prescribed for 5 days per week at home. A successful outcome at 12 weeks was based on meeting predetermined composite criteria for the CI Symptom Survey, near point of convergence, and positive fusional vergence at near. A total of 204 participants were randomly assigned to HB-C (n = 75), HB-PU (n = 85), or HB-P (n = 44). At 12 weeks, 16 of 69 (23%, 95% CI: 14-35%) in the HB-C group, 15 of 69 (22%, 95% CI: 13-33%) in the HB-PU group, and 5 of 31 (16%, 95% CI: 5-34%) in the HB-P group were classified as having a successful outcome. The difference in the percentage of participants with a successful outcome in the HB-C group compared with the HB-PU group was -4% (two-sided 97.5% CI: -19 to +11%; p = 0.56) and with the HB-P group was +5% (two-sided 97.5% CI: -12 to +22%; p = 0.52), adjusted for baseline levels of the composite outcome components. The majority of participants with symptomatic CI did not have a successful outcome at 12 weeks. Some participants treated with placebo were successful. With recruitment reaching only 34% of that originally planned and differential loss to follow-up among groups, estimates of success are not precise and comparisons across groups are difficult to interpret.

Longer-term effects of home-based exercise interventions on exercise capacity and physical activity in coronary artery disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) improves exercise capacity (EC), lowers cardiovascular risk profile and increases physical functioning in the short term. However, uptake of and adherence to a physically active lifestyle in the long run remain problematic. Home-based (HB) exercise programmes have been introduced in an attempt to enhance long-term adherence to recommended levels of physical activity (PA). The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the longer-term effects of HB exercise programmes with usual care (UC) or centre-based (CB) CR in patients referred for CR. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Non-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or randomised trials comparing the effects of HB exercise programmes with UC or CB rehabilitation on EC and/or PA, with a follow-up period of ≥12 months and performed in coronary artery disease patients, were searched in four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials (CENTRAL)) from their inception until September 7, 2016. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were calculated and pooled by means of random effects models. Risk of bias, publication bias and heterogeneity among trials were also assessed. Results Seven studies could be included in the meta-analysis on EC, but only two studies could be included in the meta-analysis on PA (total number of 1440 patients). The results showed no significant differences in EC between HB rehabilitation and UC (SMD 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.13 to 0.33). There was a small but significant difference in EC in favour of HB compared to CB rehabilitation (SMD 0.25, 95% CI 0.02-0.48). No differences were found for PA (SMD 0.37, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.92). Conclusions HB exercise is slightly more effective than CB rehabilitation in terms of maintaining EC. The small number of studies warrants the need for more RCTs evaluating the long-term effects of different CR interventions on EC and PA behaviour, as this is the ultimate goal of CR.

The Effects of an Exercise Program on Anxiety Levels and Metabolic Functions in Patients With Anxiety Disorders.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a home-based (HB) exercise program on anxiety levels and metabolic functions in patients with anxiety disorders in Taiwan. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 86 participants for this randomized, experimental study. Participants were asked to complete a pretest before the 3-month exercise program, a posttest at 1 week, and a follow-up test at 3 months after the exercise program. Study measures included four Self-Report Scales and biophysical assessments to collect and assess personal data, lifestyle behaviors, anxiety levels, and metabolic control functions. Of the 86 study participants, 83 completed the posttest and the 3-month follow-up test, including 41 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group. Participants in the experimental group showed significant improvements in body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the level of moderate exercise after the program relative to the control group, as analyzed by generalized estimating equations mixed-model repeated measures. State and trait anxiety levels were also significantly improved from pretest to follow-up test in the experimental group. Finally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome declined for participants in the experimental group. The HB exercise program produced positive effects on the metabolic indicators and anxiety levels of Taiwanese adults with anxiety disorders. Health providers should consider using similar HB exercise programs to help improve the mental and physical health of patients with anxiety disorders in their communities.

Effect of video game commercial on short term balance training in Thai elderly

Background: Fall is one of the leading causes to incapability of individuals over the age of 65 years old and commonly used as an indicator to reveal the ability to control balance. Consequence of falls can lead to fractures, activity avoidance, health decline, disability, fear of falling and hospitalization. Numbers of research reported that the most effective fall-prevention programs involved a variety of tasks which challenge balance, such as multisensory balance training and a training program done by a game console or video games. Purpose:The objectives of this studywere to compare the effect of video game commercial exercise and home based exercise on short-term effect in improving balance in the elderly. Methods: Forty-eight healthy elderly, age 65–80 years were included. Participants were randomized into a video game based exercise (Wii) group (n= 24) and a home based exercise group (n= 24). The Wii group was set at Phra Nung Kloa hospital elderly club and received video game exercise 30-45minutes per day, 3 days a week, for 4 weeks. The home based group was received self-monitored exercise for 30minutes, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. The home based group was reminded about the exercises by the researcher via telephone twice a week and also received a handbook to prevent fall. Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fullerton Advance Balance Scale (FAB), and Functional Reach Test (FRT) were evaluated at the beginning of training, the end of week 1, 2, 3 and at the completed of the training on week 4. Results: Repeated two way ANOVA showed no significantly different reach distance (FRT) when compared Wii group and home base group at the end of week 4 (p= 0.144). Both groups showed significantly improved reach distance (FRT) started at the end of week 1, score of FAB and BBS at the end of week 2 and 3 respectively (p< 0.05). No significantly different between groups in BBS and FAB was found. Conclusion(s): Video game based exercise and home based exercise improved balance in the elderly demonstrating by increased scores of BBS, FAB and reach distance (FRT) after 4 weeks training, indicating improvement of balance and implied the reduction of risks of fall in the elderly. Implications: A minimal of 3 weeks training of video game based or a home based exercise especially lower limb muscles strengthening have potential to improve balance in elderly.

Occupational Therapy Rehabilitation of Post Operative Hand Injury Cases using Modified Low Cost Splints and Home Based Exercises: A Rural Indian Experience

Objective : Kleinert (active extension, passive flexion) is basic early motion program for rehabilitation of hand injuries. There have been significant innovations in therapy programme at different zones of tendon injuries in past. The aim of this study was to analyze the functional improvement after a postoperative regimen with use of modified splints and home base activities in combination with Occupational Therapy. Design : Twenty eight patients with different tendon injuries were retrospectively enrolled in this study from one and a half year of routinely collected data. Gross grip, fine grip and range of motion were measured using JAMAR, pinch O meter and finger goniometer respectively. Result : Statistically and clinically significant improvement was observed in muscle strength (gross and fine) and range of motion in these patients' hands after modified kleinert splint, custom made splint and home base exercise in all patients (p <0.001 ). Conclusion : The outcome of the current study i.e. making the patients functionally independent with the use of low cost modified splints and home based exercises, are at par with the other studies that have used standard splints. However postoperative occupational therapy programme is not much documented in literature, although realised and practiced at some places in the western world. This attempt is to produce some evidence of the utility of combination of simple techniques and devices to get optimum results in hand injury cases.

The Effects of Expert Instruction and Written Instruction Only on Balance Performance: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Home exercise instruction is a common treatment intervention employed by physical therapists. To the author’s knowledge, no studies have assessed the effectiveness of one-on-one expert interaction versus written home exercise instruction on performance of a physical activity. Methods: Thirty-five healthy men and women volunteered to participate. Subjects were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: expert instruction or written instruction only. Balance performance was measured before and after performance of home base balance training protocol. Balance performance was assessed using The Balance System Dynamic machine sway index measurements. Results: Thirty-five subjects completed the study. The expert group consisted of 20 subjects and the non-expert group consisted of 15 subjects. There was no significant difference in balance performance between groups following performance of home base balance training protocol. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that written only home based balance protocol instruction in the form of a handout can provide the same outcome as expert instruction by a board certified neurologic specialist.

Home Based Care for People Living with HIV/AIDS; Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Family Care Givers at Ukonga Ward in Ilala District

For many AIDS patients in low income countries such as African countries (Tanzania), hospital care is not always affordable or accessible and home-based care services rarely exist as a solution for meeting needs of PLWHA. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of home based care among family care givers for PLWHA. Study was conducted at Ukonga ward in Ilala District, Dar es Salaam with family care givers who accepted to participate in the study. A cross sectional descriptive study Convenience sampling was used in recruiting the family care givers who had ever provided or were at that time roviding care to PLWHA at Ukonga ward. 103 Family Care givers participated in this study; 73(71%) were female and 30(29%) were male. The mean age of participants was 38 years. The study revealed that 17% believed that they were knowledgeable, 65(63%) had inadequate knowledge and 21( 20%) had no knowledge whatsoever of HBC for PLWHA. The relationship of believed knowledge and hospital re- dmission of PLWHA was not statistically supported (P < 0.001, P=0.0096 and P= 0.0206 for those who believed that were knowledgeable, had less knowledge and had no knowledge respectively). 86(83%) reported that home is a better place than hospital in caring for PLWHA, and the relationship with hospital HOME BASED CARE FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS; ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, TTITUDE AND PRACTICE AMONG FAMILY CARE GIVERS AT UKONGA WARD IN ILALA DISTRICT MALALE, KIJA (BScN 4) re-admission was not signifi cance supported (P=0.2629), 55(53%) reported to have had good practice of Home-Based Care for their patients. The relationship of poor practice of Home Based Care and hospital re-admission of PLWHA was statistically not supported (P=0.61762). The study ighlighted that majority of family care givers believed they had inadequate knowledge, had a good attitude and practice of the HBC provision. Therefore HBC Training is important for family members who are taking care of their relatives living with HIV/AIDS and further studies should be conducted in order to explore reasons as to why there is prevalence of hospital re-admission among PLWHA in developing untries like Tanzania.

Comparison of clinic-based versus home-based balance and agility training for the symptoms of knee osteo-arthritis

Objective. To compare clinic-based (CB) and home-based (HB) deliveries of a knee osteoarthritis (OA) exercise programme. Methods. Outcomes from a CB exercise study ( N =6) utilising kinesthesia, balance and agility (KBA) exercises were compared with those from a HB KBA study ( N =6). Both conditions trained 30 minutes, 3 days per week for 8 weeks. CB sessions were conducted in a group led by an exercise physiologist (EP); HB participants received an initial 3 sessions of one-to-one training from an EP, written/pictorial instructions, telephone and e-mail follow-up, and in-person refresher sessions during weeks 4 and 6. The primary outcome was an OA-specific physical function survey. Community activity level, self-report knee stability, 15-m get up and go walk, and stair climb and descent were also measured. Results. Adherence was 94% in both conditions. KBA improved PF in both CB (59%; 18±12.5 pts; p =0.008) and HB (33%; 7.3±7.5 pts; p =0.03), with no difference between conditions. All outcome improvements were somewhat larger for CB, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. We found no difference in outcomes between CB and HB exercise in this preliminary comparison. Our results support that KBA is an effective intervention for symptomatic knee OA that may be delivered in CB or HB settings.

Effectiveness of parent-centred interventions for the prevention and treatment of childhood overweight and obesity in community settings: A Systematic Review.

Review Question/ Objective The objective of this review is to identify the effectiveness of parent-centred interventions implemented in the community setting, in modifying eating and physical activity behaviours or weight-related outcomes of children. Criteria for inclusion Types of Participants This review will consider studies that include children of pre-school, primary and secondary school age and/or their parents aged >18 years. Types of interventions Interventions of interest are implemented in a community setting including, but not limited to; pre-schools (outside of curriculum), schools (non-curricular, before- and after-school), home based community centres and community camps, with an aim of improving eating and physical activity behaviours and/ or overweight/obesity outcome measures. Interventions conducted at pre-schools and schools must be conducted outside of those school curriculums and must be resourced separately. Types of Outcomes This review will consider studies that include the following outcome measures for children and / or their parents: i) Overweight/obesity related outcomes: weight (kg), % body weight lost, BMI, waist circumference (cm) ii) Eating behaviour outcomes: fruit and vegetable intake, macronutrient composition (eg fat intake per day), core food groups, diet quality iii) Physical activity behaviour outcomes: steps per day, time spent in activity, energy expenditure iv) Sedentary behaviour outcomes and constructs: Time spent in non-educational, small screen recreation (eg TV, computer, hand held electronic games.)

Exercício físico e claudicação intermitente: eficácia de um programa domiciliário

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has a high incidence in general population and 12% to 20% of population with more than 60 years has already clinical symptoms, such as intermittent claudication (IC), pain, loss of strength and functional incapacity. There are already some studies which suggest the possible positive effects of physical exercise in functional consequences of PAD. The purpose of this study was to verify the results of a home-based (HB) weekly supervised physical exercise program in patients with IC in consequence of PAD in lower limbs, and observe the medium number of diary steps walked by the subjects of our study. Fourteen subjects (72.4±6.7 years) with IC participated in our study. Through the 6 minutes walk test (6MWT) we have assessed the distance until claudication (DC) (distance walked until pain), maximal distance walked (MDW) (distance walked until maximal pain) and functional capacity (FC) (total number of meters walked in6MWT). We assessed also the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) with CR10 of Borg and the highest number of repetitions of heel elevation. We have applied a HB program during 8 weeks. This program included daily execution of heel elevations for leg muscles and a walk. Results show elevation in DC (178,8±75.5 vs 259.6±116.7; p=0.01), MDW (255.7±104.4 vs 326.5±137.9; p=0.008), FC (299.1±115.1 vs (389.6±102.1; p=0.000) and EH (42.1±14.7 vs 59.9±21.6; p=0.002), respectively before and after HB program. The RPE has also decreased (3.1±1.1 vs 2.6±0.6) but not significantly. The number of steps walked and observed with a pedometer was 4990±1872 steps a day. Conclusions – A weekly supervised HB program with walk and strength training of leg muscles shows effectiveness with these patients in the relief of symptoms of IC.

Intermittent claudication and physical exercise: effectiveness of a home-based program

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has a high incidence in general population and 12% to 20% of population with more than 60 years has already clinical symptoms, such as intermittent claudication (IC), pain, loss of strength and functional incapacity. There are already some studies which suggest the possible positive effects of physical exercise in functional consequences of PAD. The purpose of this study was to verify the results of a home-based (HB) weekly supervised physical exercise program in patients with IC in consequence of PAD in lower limbs, and observe the medium number of diary steps walked by the subjects of our study. Fourteen subjects (72.4±6.7 years) with IC participated in our study. Through the 6 minutes walk test (6MWT) we have assessed the distance until claudication (DC) (distance walked until pain), maximal distance walked (MDW) (distance walked until maximal pain) and functional capacity (FC) (total number of meters walked in

A Randomized Trial of a Home-Based Educational Approach to Increase Live Donor Kidney Transplantation: Effects in Blacks and Whites

Blacks are disproportionately affected by chronic kidney disease, but are far less likely to undergo live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) than whites. We assessed the differential effectiveness in blacks and whites of a home-based (HB) LDKT educational approach. A planned secondary analysis of a previously published randomized trial. 132 patients (60 black, 72 white) approved for kidney transplantation at 1 kidney transplant center in the southeastern United States. Assignment to receive either standard clinic-based (CB) transplant education (n = 69) or CB plus an HB (CB + HB) LDKT education program (n = 63). The HB education program was culturally sensitive for blacks, including using a minority health educator, brochures that highlight minority transplant recipients and donors, and discussion of race-specific outcome data. Primary outcomes were proportions of patients with live donor inquiries, evaluations, and transplants 1 year after study participation. Medical record and questionnaire data. 69 patients were assigned to the CB group, and 63 to the CB + HB group. After 1 year, there were 96 living donor inquiries (72.7%), 62 living donor evaluations (47.0%), and 54 LDKTs (40.9%). Patients assigned to the CB + HB group were more likely to have had living donor inquiries (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.0), a living donor evaluated (OR, 2.7; CI, 1.4 to 5.4), and LDKT (OR, 3.0; CI, 1.5 to 5.9). The effect was greater in blacks than whites for living donor evaluations and LDKT, but not for living donor inquiries (treatment-by-race interaction, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.8, respectively). Blacks in the CB + HB group were more likely to have had at least 1 living donor inquiry (51.7% versus 77.4%), at least 1 living donor evaluated (17.2% versus 48.4%), and LDKT (13.8% versus 45.2%) than those in the CB group. By comparison, whites in the CB + HB group were more likely to have had at least 1 living donor inquiry (72.5% versus 87.5%), at least 1 living donor evaluated (47.5% versus 71.9%), and LDKT (42.5% versus 59.4%) than those in the CB group. Single-center study with greater dropout rate in the CB + HB group. These results suggest that a culturally sensitive LDKT education program that reaches out to blacks and their social support network can overcome some barriers to LDKT in this population.

Saskatoon In Motion: Class- Versus Home-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults With Chronic Health Conditions

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a class-based (CB) and home-based (HB) exercise program for older adults with chronic health conditions. 172 sedentary older adults with overweight or obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or osteoarthritis were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up. A significant increase was seen in the CB group in the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) scores and SF-12 Physical and Mental Health scores. In both groups, significant increases were seen in 6-minute walk distance, Physical Performance Test (PPT), and Functional Fitness Test (FFT), and significant reductions were seen in systolic and diastolic blood pressure but not body mass index or waist circumference. Except for a greater increment in the FFT in the CB group, the degree of improvement was not significantly different between the 2 groups. After a 3-month intervention, both the CB and HB program produced comparable significant improvements in outcome measures.

Increasing Live Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Home-Based Educational Intervention

With the shortage of deceased donor kidneys and the superior clinical outcomes possible with live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), more patients should seriously consider LDKT. However, little is known about how best to educate patients and their family members about LDKT. We evaluated the effectiveness of a home-based (HB) educational program in increasing LDKT. Patients were randomized to clinic-based (CB) education alone (CB, n = 69) or CB plus HB education (CB+HB, n = 63). Compared to CB, more patients in the CB+HB group had living donor inquiries (63.8% vs. 82.5%, p = 0.019) and evaluations (34.8% vs. 60.3%, p = 0.005) and LDKTs (30.4% vs. 52.4%, p = 0.013). Assignment to the CB+HB group, White race, more LDKT knowledge, higher willingness to discuss LDKT with others, and fewer LDKT concerns were predictors of having LDKT (p-values < 0.05). Both groups demonstrated an increase in LDKT knowledge after the CB education, but CB+HB led to an additional increase in LDKT knowledge (p < 0.0001) and in willingness to discuss LDKT with others (p < 0.0001), and a decrease in LDKT concerns (p < 0.0001). Results indicate that an HB outreach program is more effective in increasing LDKT rates than CB education alone.

Generations Exercising Together to Improve Fitness (GET FIT): A Pilot Study Designed to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health-Related Fitness in Three Generations of Women

ABSTRACT A 6-month home-based (HB) physical activity program was compared to a control (CTL) condition in terms of effect on physical activity and health-related fitness in three generations of women (daughter/mother/maternal grandmother). Volunteers were randomly assigned to a HB or CTL condition. HB participants (n = 28) were asked to participate in lifestyle, aerobic, muscular strength, and flexibility activities at least 3 times per week and they completed 73% of the recommended PA bouts. CTL condition participants (n = 9) were asked to continue their usual pattern of physical activity. Changes in physical activity were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Physical Best questionnaire and pedometer step counts (3-day average). Changes in health-related fitness were assessed using Fitnessgram tests. Group × Time interactions were significant for changes in participation in flexibility activity (d/wk) and steps/day, indicating that the HB group experienced significant positive changes in the expected direction (+305% and +37%, respectively), while the CTL group regressed (−15% and −13%, respectively). The G × T interaction for mile time was significant, although not in the expected direction (CTL group < by 14% and HB group < by 5%). Findings should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations of the study, but several suggestions are made for more effectively studying this topic in the future.

Effects of Home- and University-Based Programs on Physical Self-Perception in Mothers and Daughters

ABSTRACT The primary purpose of this study was to compare two mother-daughter interventions designed to increase fitness and activity and improve physical self-perception (PSP). A secondary purpose was to test two of the proposed mechanisms for using physical activity to enhance PSP. Twenty mother-daughter pairs (n = 40) were randomly assigned to a university-based (UB) or home-based (HB) group. Initially, both groups received classroom training designed to improve PSP. Then, the UB group met three times per week, whereas the HB group received information concerning home-based activities. The Fitnessgram® activity questionnaire and fitness test battery were used to measure physical activity and fitness level. The Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) was used to detect changes in PSP. Separate 2 (group) × 2 (age) × 2 (time) ANOVAs with repeated measures on the last factor were conducted to examine changes in PSP, physical activity, and fitness. Correlations between physical activity, fitness, and PSP were examined to test the two mechanisms. Perceived sports competence and body attractiveness improved in UB and HB mothers and daughters (p = .002 and .005, respectively). UB and HB mothers and daughters increased their participation in aerobic (p = .000 and .015), muscular strength (p = .001 and .001), and flexibility (p = .000 and .000) activities. Support was not provided for the proposed mechanisms for the relationship between physical activity and PSP. These interventions demonstrate the potential to foster positive short-term changes in PSP and physical activity in mothers and daughters. More research is needed to test mechanisms explaining the relationship between activity and PSP.

グループホーム居住痴呆性高齢者の地域生活の構造に関する研究 : 都市型グループホーム入居者の外出行動による事例的考察

グループホーム居住痴呆性高齢者の地域生活の構造に関する研究 : 都市型グループホーム入居者の外出行動による事例的考察