Holistic System Research Articles

Root-to-shoot signaling positively mediates source-sink relation in late growth stages in diploid and tetraploid wheat

Non-hydraulic root source signaling (nHRS) is a unique positive response to soil drying in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, it is unclear how the nHRS mediates the tradeoff between source and sink at the late growth stages and its adaptive mechanisms in primitive wheat. To address this issue, a root-splitting design was made by inserting solid partition in the middle of the pot culture to induce the occurrence of nHRS using four wheat cultivars (MO1 and MO4, diploid; DM22 and DM31, tetraploid) as materials. Three water treatments were designed as 1) both halves watered (CK), 2) holistic root system watered then droughted (FS), 3) one-half of the root system watered and half droughted (PS). FS and PS were designed to compare the role of the full root system and split root system to induce nHRS. Leaves samples were collected during booting and anthesis to compare the role of nHRS at both growth stages. The data indicated that under PS treatment, ABA concentration was significantly higher than FS and CK, demonstrating the induction of nHRS in split root design and nHRS decreased cytokinin (ZR) levels, particularly in the PS treatment. Soluble sugar and proline accumulation were higher in the anthesis stage as compared to the booting stage. POD activity was higher at anthesis, while CAT was higher at the booting stage. Increased ABA (nHRS) correlated with source-sink relationships and metabolic rate (i.e., leaf) connecting other stress signals. Biomass density showed superior resource acquisition and utilization capabilities in both FS and PS treatment as compared to CK in all plants. Our findings indicate that nHRS-induced alterations in phytohormones and their effect on source-sink relations were allied with the growth stages in primitive wheat.

The Relevance of Creating an Integral Pedagogical System of Career Guidance Work with Students of Different Levels of Education

Introduction. The article reveals the issues of organizing career guidance and mentoring activities at a university through a description of holistic career guidance work with students of different levels of education in the “school – university” system; areas of career guidance work are considered; passive and active methods used in the implementation of career guidance activities are described. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was based on the principles of the system-activity approach and the competence approach. To achieve the research goal, theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization and systematization of scientific publications data) and empirical (observation, survey) methods were used. Results. The authors have revealed an integrated pedagogical system of career guidance work with students of different levels of education, described the main directions of career guidance through the implementation of activities implemented at the university with school-age students and students, characterized the advantages of implementing an integrated pedagogical system of career guidance work with students. Conclusions. An integrated pedagogical system of career guidance is an important condition for the functioning of a university in a competitive environment. The innovative component of the presented holistic pedagogical system of career guidance work consists in the implementation of a continuous system of career guidance (“school – university”, “student – entrant – student – young specialist”), as well as in conducting career guidance and educational activities with students of different levels of education.

Updating the Informational and Control Practices in the Sustainability Agenda

Abstract Research purpose. The sustainability concept embraces a wide scope of linked practices: green thinking, sustainability informational and management assurance, ESG reporting and scoring, responsible and impact investment, stability measurements, and others. Significantly expanding beneficiary's and stakeholders' circle needs information to build and implement a policy providing ESG values creation and meeting their requirements in relevant sustainable agenda. This is why it is important to create a transparent information landscape and to shape new highlights in management and decision-making. The article is aimed at exploring specific ways to transform information and management practices, primarily accounting, ESG-reporting, analysis, and assurance to create a transparent information environment for sustainability. Design / Methodology / Approach. The study is designed as a qualitative analysis of existing information and related practices to identify gaps in the information needed by stakeholders for decision-making with that practically generated in the current environmental momentum. It involves summarising, categorizing, and interpreting open access sources data, such as unidirectional studies, non-financial reporting and ESG-rankings databases, program documents, frameworks and standards for sustainability and "responsible" reporting, professional audit analytics, and others. Logical and comparative analysis was used for data processing. The study’s theoretical framework is based on accounting theories, particularly the Interpretative paradigm. Findings. The possibilities were assessed following proposed approaches to upgrade the up-to-date system of informational-verifying appraisal practices by the requirements of a proper ESG environment. A holistic system layout was suggested, including information and control practices employed to provide sustainability. The main part of the recommendations refers to accounting and reporting for sustainability. New accounting ESG objects to display in this system were identified. It developed an integrated balance model of total capitals and their sources engaged and ESG -value-creating, taking for the basis traditional balance theory. Given the diversity of corporate non-financial reporting, classification characteristics for ESG reporting were suggested, and two key models of ESG reporting were defined. Recommendations were made in the field of design and methodology for information support of sustainability. Originality / Value / Practical implications. The article is the author's vision of the problems and ways of advancing traditional information practices in the context of global sustainability management requests. Recommendations for the holistic system of sustainability governance, informational support creation, transformation of accounting, ESG-reporting, other linked practices, streamlining, and methodological development of information activities that can be used in the practical field and employed in programmatic, advisory, and regulatory documents that structure the information field of socio-economic life.

Organic Agriculture as a Future Strategy for Sustainable Farming

Abstract Organic agriculture, as a holistic system, aims to maximize the productivity of agricultural sector by integrating tradition, innovation and science, helping to improve the quality of agrifood products reaching the market. One of the most rapidly evolving sectors in the EU is the organic manufacturing industry. Due to the increased interest of consumers it has had a significant increase in the last decade. This paper offers a detailed perspective on organic agriculture in Romania in the context of current European development. We present essential information about the organic sector, current legislation and market data, at national and European level. Official data show that organic agriculture has registered an increase in plant and animal production in recent years in Romania. Although it represents a small part of the cultivated area and total production, organic agriculture is attracting attention due to the principles of sustainable development and the associated economic opportunities.

Gender Entrepreneurial Behaviour: A SSLR (Semi-Systematic Literature Review) Approach

Abstract Gender-related entrepreneurship research remains essential for analyzing various socioeconomic, cultural, and socio-family abstractions of human capital that are distinct to gender. This study provides a comprehensive review of the literature about the theoretical foundations, results, assessment, and research that considers specifically composition of human capital as a moderator in the structure of gender entrepreneurial behavior. In this review study course, the SSLR (Semi-Systematic Research Review) approach is utilized to develop future research outlines. The key findings state that studies on female entrepreneurs that concentrate specifically on education and perceived abilities have a number of shortcomings. This includes failing to grasp the importance of simultaneously addressing individual and country-level indicators, as well as structural, historical, and cultural variables. The findings thus reinforce the importance of viewing the structure of female entrepreneurs as part of a holistic interdependent system, highlighting how the interaction of factors at various levels shapes identities, career choices, and perceptions of entrepreneurial opportunities and constraints. Finally, findings indicated that there is a need for a new approach to gender and economic inclusion methods, such as life histories, longitudinal empirical analysis, narrative analysis, approaches with in-depth interviews, or discourse analyses. At the end an agenda for future research is developed based on the review, with implications for entrepreneurship educational attainment and perceived abilities being highlighted.

Power Density Analysis of Wind Turbine Main Bearing Units by Holistic Optimization of Material, Manufacturing and Design of the Main Shaft

Given the continuous increases in wind turbine (WT) rated power and size, the nacelle weight and logistic handling costs increases significantly. To support heavier nacelles, stronger towers are needed which again increases material costs, so a need for nacelle power density increase arises. One solution to this problem is to increase the power density of the cast or forged WT main shaft. The power density in cast main shafts is limited by the low tensile strength of cast iron. High tensile strength steels, which theoretically increase power density, are used in state-of-the-art forged main shafts. However, their inner shaft diameter is kept small to reduce drilling costs. Since the loads of WT main shafts are dominated by the bending moments of the rotors, a high section modulus corresponds to a high power density. Material near the centre of the shaft therefore decreases the shaft power density. Hollow forging combines high tensile strength steel with a variable inner shaft diameter, enabling shaft designs with increased power density. Additionally, the use of air-hardening ductile (AHD) steel eliminates the need for costly heat treatment if the wall thickness is thin enough. The paper presents a holistic system model for the predesign of main bearing units (MBU) considering various materials and manufacturing methods. The model enables a feasibility assessment of hollow forged main shafts by comparing the resulting MBU weights across a wide range of WT power ratings. The MBU is selected instead of solely analysing the main shaft to account for the bearing and bearing housing weights, which depend on the main shaft geometry. The results show increased MBU power density of up to 23% for hollow forged shafts compared to forged shafts of the same material. Furthermore, when the shaft is hollow forged from AHD steel, the increase is even greater, up to 52%.

Ukrainian piano music paradigm of the past and present in the performance dimension

The research relevance on the specificity of Ukrainian piano composition, both solo and ensemble, is predefined by its demand for modern society, as well as in the content and significance of this sphere of musical art. The research aims to highlight the phenomenon in question as a voluminous, complex and, at the same time, holistic system, as well as to identify its leading components, their content, functional significance, and principles of interconnection between themselves and with the society. To achieve the above objective, the following methods were used: historical, culturological, analysis, structuring, synthesis, comparative characterization, and systematization. The research analyses the complexity of the phenomenon. The study examined several components of the phenomenon, namely the leading components of the foundation of piano performance in Ukraine, the sectors of pianism implementation and the nature of its impact on them, the modernisation of social life directions under the influence of music, Ukrainian piano art and performance in different historical eras, elements of the art of piano performance, software functions in the sphere of modern pianism. The research results illuminate processes of Ukrainian academic national piano art integration into world professional creative and performing culture as well as the uniqueness of Ukrainian music which embodied stylistic and technical achievements of classicism, romanticism, directions of the twentieth century and modernity on the ground of original colourful ethnic origins. The practical significance of the proposed study consists in the fact that its materials can be used in the concert activities of pianists, in compiling educational programs of secondary and higher music schools in piano performance, as well as in the implementation of research projects aimed at finding discoveries in the field of pianism, its specificity, manifested in different areas.

Holistic collision avoidance decision support system for watchkeeping deck officers

The paper presents a 3-stage synthesis-based Decision Support System for watchkeeping deck officers. Its functional scope covers conflict detection, maneuver selection, and maneuver execution, all phases supplemented by collision alerts. First, a customized elliptic ship domain is used for checking if both OS and TS will have enough free space. A survey-based navigators’ declarative OS arena is then used to determine the time at which OOW would like to take evasive action. Next, a safety level is assigned to the current situation based on the predicted violations of the ship domain and the declarative arena. The safety levels are also attributed to potential evasive maneuvers (single actions combining course alteration and rudder deflection). For a selected maneuver, Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area (CADCA) is displayed, which informs OOW about the time window when the maneuver remains feasible. All of the above contribute to a holistic system of multi-level safety assessment utilizing: empirical ship domain, survey-based declarative arena, and ship dynamics-based CADCA. These, in turn, take into account navigators’ knowledge and preferences, ship maneuverability, and the impact of environmental conditions. The system is presented in three real-life scenarios located in the southern part of the Baltic Sea around the Danish straits.

Empowering underprivileged students beyond financial aid: Insights from a scholarship program's monitoring and evaluation

PurposeThis paper examines the impact of a scholarship program on underprivileged students, drawing on data from a two-year monitoring and evaluation (M&E) process. The report identifies both enablers and barriers to academic success among scholarship beneficiaries. MethodsData on program impact was collected through interviews with parents, teachers, and school records over two academic years. ResultsFinancial aid emerged as a crucial enabler, with scholarships allowing students to focus on their studies by alleviating pressure around basic necessities. However, the research also revealed the importance of a holistic support system. Beyond tuition, the high cost of essential learning materials, including stationery, and subject-specific resources, can create a significant barrier. The study also highlighted the importance of student well-being. Health concerns, limited access to nutritious food, and even unaddressed mental health issues can all negatively impact attendance and focus. Furthermore, a gender gap emerged, with girls facing additional challenges related to social pressures to prioritize chores and the cost of menstrual hygiene products. ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of holistic scholarship programs that extend beyond tuition coverage. To maximize impact, policymakers and funders should prioritize initiatives that address the multifaceted needs of underprivileged students.

The Effect of the Advocacy Social-Emotional Learning Program on Emotional Competence

School leaders are integrating social and emotional skills content into their academic curriculum to create a supportive learning environment and improve the implicit curriculum. The Generation Schools Network (GSN) Advocacy Program is a comprehensive, multi-component schoolwide initiative designed to promote students' social-emotional competence, college and career readiness, and academic success. Overall, the GSN Advocacy Program represents a holistic approach that promotes the interconnectedness of social-emotional development and academic success, aiming to prepare students for the challenges and opportunities they will encounter. The study aimed to test for baseline equivalence between the comparison and intervention groups regarding school climate, leadership, school connectedness, emotional distress, self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. This quasi-experimental process compared secondary students in the intervention group (125) participating in the yearlong GSN Advocacy Program with students in the comparison group (115). After controlling for pre-assessment variables of social-emotional competence, the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant improvements among students in the intervention group for total social-emotional competence and constructs of school climate and school connectedness. The program's multi-component approach, including structural support through professional development for implementers and specific social-emotional learning lessons, helped students develop social-emotional skills. Accordingly, students also demonstrated increased interaction with others, an improved sense of school connectedness, and an enhanced ability to handle emotional distress, which is crucial for academic stressors. This study suggests that the multi-component approach, including student-centered social-emotional competency instruction and environmental focus, engendered the intervention group's acquisition of social-emotional skills. Accordingly, by adopting a multi-component approach that addresses these various aspects of social-emotional programming, school leaders can create a holistic support system that nurtures students' social-emotional competence, resilience, and overall well-being. This comprehensive approach enhances students' academic success and equips them with the skills and attitudes necessary for success beyond the classroom.

Natural Embeddedness, Place Attachment, and Local Opposition to Developmental Projects: A Polanyian Analysis of the Origins of Preemptive Environmental Protests in China

This article aims to uncover the underlying social and institutional origins of China’s local preemptive environmental protests against developmental projects with negative externalities, which have not been fully investigated by the extant literature on “NIMBY” (“not-in-my-backyard”) activism in China. Primarily through the perspective of Karl Polanyi’s environmental sociology, this article presents a case study of the 2012 protest in Qidong, Jiangsu province, against an industrial waste disposal pipeline. The case of Qidong shows how local ecology has been deeply embedded in the social context and relations that have historically shaped the economic structures, culinary traditions, and place attachment in the area. Such a nexus between the environment and society in turn significantly impacted the opposition pattern of the local communities, which involved various social strata by triggering their economic and health concerns as well as an emotional response. Moreover, the article finds that the unified cross-class action under the banner of defending public interests was possible in Qidong largely because the actors were all part of the same holistic local ecological system, with shared economic interests, dietary preferences, and cultural identities. This research thus echoes the insights of environmental sociology and argues that it is necessary to take into account the interplay between ecology and locality to understand local environmental politics.

Multi-Variable Multi-Metric Optimization of Self-Assembled Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Performance Using Machine Learning Algorithms.

The sunlight-driven reduction of CO2 into fuels and platform chemicals is a promising approach to enable a circular economy. However, established optimization approaches are poorly suited to multivariable multimetric photocatalytic systems because they aim to optimize one performance metric while sacrificing the others and thereby limit overall system performance. Herein, we address this multimetric challenge by defining a metric for holistic system performance that takes multiple figures of merit into account, and employ a machine learning algorithm to efficiently guide our experiments through the large parameter matrix to make holistic optimization accessible for human experimentalists. As a test platform, we employ a five-component system that self-assembles into photocatalytic micelles for CO2-to-CO reduction, which we experimentally optimized to simultaneously improve yield, quantum yield, turnover number, and frequency while maintaining high selectivity. Leveraging the data set with machine learning algorithms allows quantification of each parameter's effect on overall system performance. The buffer concentration is unexpectedly revealed as the dominating parameter for optimal photocatalytic activity, and is nearly four times more important than the catalyst concentration. The expanded use and standardization of this methodology to define and optimize holistic performance will accelerate progress in different areas of catalysis by providing unprecedented insights into performance bottlenecks, enhancing comparability, and taking results beyond comparison of subjective figures of merit.

AI-Enhanced Data Visualization: Transforming Complex Data into Actionable Insights

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how artificial intelligence (AI) becomes a part of data visualization. Thus, data from complex datasets are transformed into dynamic, interactive, and personalized visual experiences that will help in deeper insights and actionable knowledge. The research is supposed to design a holistic system and rules for using AI to make data visualization more effective and super interactive for the users. Methodology: The methodology involves the in-depth examination of artificial intelligence-based data visualization tools and platforms by using case studies. The study analyses the impact of AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and augmented and virtual reality on the scalability, interactivity, and personalization of data visualizations. The sentence also talks about the analysis of the moral factors that are part of the process of introducing AI in data visualization. Findings: The findings indicate that AI greatly improves the process and the quality of data visualization, thus, it makes possible the management of big, complicated, multi-dimensional datasets in a more efficient and precise way. The AI-driven tools give the users the opportunity to see the actions that are happening in real-time, predict the results, and personalize the tools according to their individual needs, thereby increasing the decision-making processes. Furthermore, ethical issues like data privacy, bias, and transparency must be well managed. This research has the distinctive feature of providing a theoretical framework that emphasizes the importance of AI in the development of data visualization technologies. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: In practice, it gives the rules for the implementation of AI tools to achieve more effective and user-focused visualizations. The policy focuses on the necessity of ethical standards in AI deployments, which means the data visualization practices should be transparent, accountable, and bias-free, thus creating trust and reliability in the AI applications.

Perceptions of policymakers and ethicists on ethical considerations in the conduct of research during disease outbreaks in Nigeria

Background There is a dearth of literature on the perspectives of stakeholders from countries in Africa on the institution of a research culture as part of a holistic system of pandemic preparedness and response. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of policymakers, representatives from Research Ethics Committees (RECs), and international bioethics experts on the ethics of conducting research during infectious disease outbreaks in Nigeria. Methods We conducted structured interviews with six policymakers actively engaged in disease outbreak response. The interview themes included systems and structures for research, local researcher competency, regulatory oversight, study types, ethical review approaches, and integrating research into outbreak response. We further engaged 12 participants including REC members from Nigeria and Liberia, international bioethics experts, and study co-investigators in a structured discussion to appraise and expand on themes identified during the interviews at a 2-day meeting in December 2018. We also held two virtual consultations afterwards. The findings from these processes were synthesized to develop a comprehensive report. Results Participants stressed the significance of conducting research during disease outbreaks to understand causal factors, evaluate public health measures, and inform future prevention and treatment strategies, and identified the need for clear ethical guidelines for RECs during outbreaks. Participants proposed a sliding scale for prioritizing categorized studies, emphasizing immediate solutions over future-focused research. Discussants proposed a "systems approach" to ethics review, emphasizing interdependence, governance structures, communication infrastructure, effective communication with policymakers, and a funding structure. Conclusion Conducting ethical research during disease outbreaks requires a comprehensive, context-dependent approach, involving stakeholders, and ensuring robust ethical oversight through proficient RECs. The proposed "System Approach" offers a model for sustainable and effective ethics review during outbreaks, fostering locally relevant and socially valuable research while prioritizing the well-being of research participants and communities.

Development of information and didactic tools for practice-oriented education in universities

Relevance. The relevance of the research is determined by the change in the educational environment, which contributes to the search for new innovative methods of training qualified specialists capable of solving any tasks within their professional activities. Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the characteristics of practice-oriented education in Kazakh higher educational institutions in accordance with the development of information and didactic tools. Methodology. General scientific theoretical methods were used in the work, such as comparison, synthesis, system analysis, systematization, generalization and statistics, the method from abstract to concrete based on systemic and structural-functional approaches. Results. The author analyzed a number of scientific and methodological Kazakh and foreign sources to determine the semantic component of the phenomena of "practice-oriented education" and "information didactic tools". The current state was considered of the practice-oriented conception of learning in Ukrainian, Russian and Australian universities. The interpretation was substantiated of information and didactic means as material tools of professional interaction of subjects of the educational process. Practice-oriented education was analyzed in universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and key information and didactic tools were identified, including very open online courses, case-methods "Workbook", individualized electronic education programs. The promising vector was confirmed of the development of practice-oriented education in Kazakh universities based on statistical data of the state of previous years. Conclusions. It became evident that contemporary educational paradigms prioritize an activity-based approach, necessitating the refinement of pedagogical foundations. Various studies, both local and international, were scrutinized to grasp the nuances of developing informational teaching tools and integrating practical learning methodologies. It was established that a comprehensive analysis of these concepts is imperative. "Practice-oriented education" emerged as a holistic system of innovative teaching techniques designed to enhance essential aspects of a student's development, encompassing psychological, cognitive, motivational dimensions. Keywords: innovative education; didactics; activity approach; applicants for higher education; educational practice; information and didactic competence

Child Education from Islamic and Western Perspectives

Child education is a crucial aspect of individual and societal development. This study discusses and compares the concepts of child education from Islamic and Western perspectives, focusing on educational objectives, teaching methods, and the role of teachers. The background of this research stems from the need to understand the differences and similarities between these two approaches to create a more holistic and inclusive educational system. This research employs a library research method, gathering data from various relevant primary and secondary literature, including books, academic journals, and research articles. Data analysis is conducted descriptively and comparatively to identify the main themes, differences, and similarities in child education concepts from both perspectives. The findings indicate that child education from the Islamic perspective emphasizes character and spirituality formation, while Western education focuses more on developing critical thinking skills and active participation in society. Teaching methods in Islam are holistic, emphasizing moral and spiritual education, whereas Western education employs student-centered and interactive approaches. The role of the teacher in Islamic education is more of a moral exemplar and authoritative figure, whereas in Western education, the teacher acts as a facilitator supporting student exploration. The conclusion of this research is that integrating Islamic and Western educational approaches can result in a more comprehensive educational system, which not only develops the intellectual aspects but also the moral and spiritual aspects of children. Therefore, it is recommended to develop curricula and teaching methods that combine the moral values of Islamic education with the critical and creative approaches of Western education. Adequate teacher training is also essential to support the implementation of a holistic and student-centered educational approach.

Caregiver impact on cattle health, performance and well-being

Animal well-being is founded on positive interactions and building trusting relationships between caregivers and cattle. Trusting relationships between animals and caregivers result in positive performance levels providing the foundation for a holistic system which benefits the whole internal supply chain i.e., from conception to harvest. The positive effect of handling livestock with methods based on handler understanding of cattle behavior inclusive of accli­mation and exercise techniques is seen predominately in quali­tative measures resulting in quantitative results in health and performance. Every human intervention such as calving, processing, wean­ing, pasture rotation, transportation and address change is an opportunity to build cattle confidence, health, performance and well-being.

Beyond English centrality: integrating expansive conceptions of language for literacy programming into IEPs

This article addresses the English centrality in reading policy, assessment, and instructional practices in the U.S. and its implications for the educational programing for emerging bilingual students (EBs) with disabilities. A recent review of the state of practice as it relates to EBs with disabilities reveals concerns that have endured for nearly six decades: biased assessment, disproportionality issues in special education, and teachers’ lack of understanding of language acquisition and students’ potential. These concerns demonstrate a need for the field to prioritize multilingual lenses for both the identification of and programming for EBs with disabilities. We propose attention to conceptions of language that expand beyond the structuralist standpoint that prevails in the current science of reading reform. We offer guiding principles for IEP development grounded in sociocultural perspectives when designing bilingual instructional practices, which can be applied to the educational programming for EBs with disabilities. Within a sociocultural view of bilingualism and biliteracy, language, and literacy are understood by multiplicities in use, practice, form, and function, in which all communicators draw from expansive meaning-making repertoires, whether in listening, speaking, reading, writing, viewing, and multimodally representing. By expanding conceptions of a student’s linguistic repertoire, we honor their use of language as one, holistic system in which their named languages plus a multitude of linguistic practices intersect and interact.

Enhancing healthcare access for an older population: The age-friendly emergency department.

Healthcare systems face significant challenges in meeting the unique needs of older adults, particularly in the acute setting. Age-friendly healthcare is a comprehensive approach using the 4Ms framework-what matters, medications, mentation, and mobility-to ensure that healthcare settings are responsive to the needs of older patients. The Age-Friendly Emergency Department (AFED) is a crucial component of a holistic age-friendly health system. Our objective is to provide an overview of the AFED model, its core principles, and the benefits to older adults and healthcare clinicians. The AFED optimizes the delivery of emergency care by integrating age-specific considerations into various aspects of (1) ED physical infrastructure, (2) clinical care policies, and (3) care transitions. Physical infrastructure incorporates environmental modifications to enhance patient safety, including adequate lighting, nonslip flooring, and devices for sensory and ambulatory impairment. Clinical care policies address the physiological, cognitive, and psychosocial needs of older adults while preserving focus on emergency issues. Care transitions include communication and involving community partners and case management services. The AFED prioritizes collaboration between interdisciplinary team members (ED clinicians, geriatric specialists, nurses, physical/occupational therapists, and social workers). By adopting an age-friendly approach, EDs have the potential to improve patient-centered outcomes, reduce adverse events and hospitalizations, and enhance functional recovery. Moreover, healthcare clinicians benefit from the AFED model through increased satisfaction, multidisciplinary support, and enhanced training in geriatric care. Policymakers, healthcare administrators, and clinicians must collaborate to standardize guidelines, address barriers to AFEDs, and promote the adoption of age-friendly practices in the ED.

The Ideal Education Concept According to Ibn Khaldun's Thought: Relevance and Application in the Modern Era

This study aims to explore the concept of ideal education according to Ibn Khaldun's thought as outlined in his book Muqaddimah, and to analyze its relevance and potential implementation in the context of modern education, particularly in Indonesia. Through a qualitative literature review method, this study identifies and examines the main aspects of Ibn Khaldun's educational thought, including educational objectives, teaching methods, curriculum, the role of teachers, and the learning environment. The findings indicate that Ibn Khaldun has a holistic and comprehensive view of education that emphasizes the balance between intellectual, moral, and spiritual development. The relevance of his ideas to modern education is reflected in various contemporary approaches, such as interactive learning and integrative curricula. The study also reveals that many of Ibn Khaldun's educational principles can be adapted to the Indonesian education system to enhance the quality and effectiveness of learning. The conclusion of this research underscores the importance of integrating historical values relevant to modern educational needs to create a more holistic and inclusive education system. Recommendations are provided for further research focusing on the practical implementation of Ibn Khaldun's educational concepts in various educational contexts.