Holistic Principles Research Articles

ADVANTAGES OF USING LITERARY TEXTS IN INTEGRATION

In integrative teaching, which is based on the holistic principles of integration as the connection of knowledge from different areas of human life, the starting points that enable such connection play an important role. Literary texts, due to the inexhaustible richness and complexity of their subject matter, can play the role of important integrative starting points in teaching. This way of working has numerous advantages because it contributes to the acquisition of practical, applicable knowledge, and in the paper are determined the benefits provided by literary texts as a starting point in integration when it comes to encouraging students: 1) activities in class; 2) desire to read; 3) desire for independent research and 4) developing imagination and creativity. The mentioned advantages were examined from the perspective of classroom teachers, who are the most called upon to implement integration in practice and are a segment of a wider research that included 225 practitioners in the Republic of Serbia during 2021 and 2022. The results show that the largest number of teachers have very positive attitudes about all the previously mentioned advantages of using literary texts, as over 80% of respondents fully or partially agree with them. Practitioners most positively value the contribution that the use of literary texts in integration has when it comes to developing students' imagination and creativity and increasing their activity in class (88,0%), then the contribution to encouraging students' desire to read (83,5%) and in the end, although highly valued, the contribution reflected in the encouragement of students' desire for independent research (80,9%). The results are an indication that the theoretical and methodological efforts that promote integration and the role that literary texts play in it are recognized in practice and raise the issue of further implementation of this way of working in teaching.

Professor Li Fenping's Approach to Treating Insomnia Based on Liver Theory

Insomnia, classified under the category of “Bu Mian” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a chronic condition characterized by the inability to obtain normal sleep. It is closely related to liver function. TCM treatment for insomnia follows the holistic principle of “integrating man with nature” and applies syndrome differentiation to implement individualized treatments. The safety of herbal medicine, combined with the absence of drug dependence, makes it highly favored by patients compared to Western medications. Professor Li Fenping believes that insomnia results from dysfunction in the liver’s regulation of Qi and blood, which prevents the Hun (ethereal soul) from returning, thus disrupting sleep. Based on clinical practice, she has identified four major liver-related patterns in insomnia: liver Qi stagnation with unsettled Hun, deficiency of heart and liver blood (or Yin) leading to poor nourishment of the Shen (spirit), liver fire excess disturbing the Hun, and blood stasis obstructing the meridians and unsettling the Shen. These distinct approaches to liver-focused treatment of insomnia have expanded the clinical applications of TCM in treating the disorder, with remarkable therapeutic outcomes. This paper presents Professor Li Fenping’s clinical experience in treating insomnia from the perspective of liver pathology.

Shifting from an analytical paradigm to a systems paradigm: A fundamentally systemic approach of the business model concept to tackling complexity

We are witnessing increasing complexity of the business world and a need for business renewal. However, our common way of thinking, based on analytical thinking and its guiding principles—determinism, reductionism, and disjunction—has limitations in regard to tackling these challenges. In line with this analytical approach, the current literature is confronted with many issues, including three major ones: the vagueness of the notion of ‘value creation’, the lack of consensus on the components, and the questioning of the scope and level of analysis. Thus, the present manuscript proposes a systemic approach to the business model. After presenting the main principles of systems thinking—teleological, interdependence, and holistic principles—we present directions for conceptualizing the business model concept to present avenues of development, thereby overcoming inherent limits of the concept and renewing the approach to face complexity.

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine is a connectogen with empathogenic, entactogenic, and still further connective properties: It is time to reconcile "the great entactogen-empathogen debate".

Science on methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and MDMA-like substances is faced with the unique situation that this class of psychoactive agents is referred to with two basic names for its effects on the mind: empathogens and entactogens. Empathogen usually refers to the prosocial, empathetic, and openness properties of MDMA, while entactogen usually refers to the introspective and self-awareness properties of this substance. We review the origin and usage of the two terms, and also review recent findings that support that MDMA is an empathogen and an entactogen. Mostly no specified reasons can be detected whether research groups employ the term "entactogenic," "empathogenic," both, or neither, in their publications. A case is made that the use of two basic names for the effects on the mind for the same class of psychoactive substances is not warranted because a holistic principle underlies empathogenic and entactogenic properties of MDMA: an intense feeling of connection. Entactogenic characterizes being deeply connected to oneself, and empathogenic being deeply connected to others. We therefore suggest the name connectogen as the new basic name for the mind effects of MDMA and MDMA-like substances, a term having the connotation of producing a joining together/producing a connection. Thus, MDMA is basically a connectogen with at least the two major connective properties: entactogenic (intrapersonal) and empathogenic (interpersonal). Furthermore, first evidence shows that MDMA might also have further connectogenic properties such as a strong sense of connection with the here-and-now, the body, the world, and with spiritual principles. Finally, we compare connectogenic properties of MDMA with connectogenic properties of classic psychedelics, and lay out some future research in this regard.

Научные школы на рубеже XX–XXI вв.: разработка истории предпринимательства дореволюционной Сибири

The exploration of scientific schools focusing on the history of entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia stands as a crucial endeavor at the intersection of historical research and economic studies. This article delves into the conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches employed by researchers to illuminate the multifaceted dynamics of entrepreneurial activities in Siberia during the late XX and early XXI centuries. Drawing on principles of holism, integrity, historicism, and a value-based approach, scientists have embarked on a comprehensive examination of the historical trajectory of entrepreneurship in Siberia. By integrating insights from various disciplines, including history, economics, and sociology, researchers aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the socio-economic landscape of the region. Utilizing a diverse array of methodological tools, such as comparative-historical analysis, concrete examination, retrospective study, and historical-typological analysis, scientists have endeavored to unravel the complexities of entrepreneurial endeavors in Siberia. Through meticulous archival research and interdisciplinary engagement, researchers have shed light on the activities of merchants across different industries and their impact on the socio-cultural fabric of the region. This article underscores the significance of studying scientific communities dedicated to the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia. By acknowledging the contributions of researchers and elucidating their role in shaping historical narratives, this research aims to highlight the richness and diversity of scientific endeavors in Russian historiography. In conclusion, the study of scientific schools focusing on the history of entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia represents a vital aspect of historical scholarship. By embracing interdisciplinary perspectives and methodological pluralism, researchers continue to uncover new insights into the economic, social, and cultural dimensions of entrepreneurial activities in Siberia, thereby enriching our understanding of this pivotal period in Russian history.

Benefits of the Modified Version of the Illness-Wellness Continuum Model for Nurse Education.

With rapid advancements in sciences and the expanding scope of nursing practice, faculty are challenged to connect the experiences of learners with abstract concepts of science and to cultivate clinical reasoning skills. Rationale for the adoption of the illness-wellness continuum model includes the following: (a) the relationships among illness, health, and the nursing process are relevant in many health situations, and (b) levels of wellness are steeped in holistic principles of self-care, which are consistent with educational and clinical goals. The modified version of the illness-wellness continuum model can serve as the groundwork that prepares nursing students in a constantly changing workplace.

Integrating Whole-person Education into College English: Strategies and Practices

This article delves into the significance of whole-person education in contemporary educational contexts and its practical application within college English instruction. Whole-person education emphasizes the comprehensive development of students' morality, emotions, abilities, and social responsibilities, in addition to the imparting of knowledge. However, whole-person education also confronts misconceptions such as unrealistic perfectionism, dilution of academic rigor, and a lack of individualization. These can be addressed through a deeper understanding of its core principles and a commitment to adaptable and innovative educational practices. The principles of whole-person education align seamlessly with the curricular objectives of college English courses, especially in developing comprehensive English proficiency, cultural awareness, critical thinking, and personal and social competencies. The article suggests that teachers adopt student-centered pedagogies that encourage active participation, collaboration, and inquiry, and provide authentic learning experiences for real-world application of English skills. To effectively integrate whole-person education, teachers need continuous professional development to enhance their understanding and application of holistic principles in college English courses. They should also utilize modern educational technology to enrich teaching methods and resources, ensuring the appropriateness and effectiveness of learning materials. In conclusion, integrating whole-person education into college English courses is not only a means to improve students' English proficiency but also a way to prepare them to become compassionate, critical thinkers, and active global citizens. Teachers are encouraged to internalize the essence of whole-person education and translate it into effective educational practices, fostering a profound transformation in students' intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development.

Ayurvedic approach in Oro-Dental Care in Prameha

Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine that originated in India, offers a holistic approach to health and wellness, including oral care. In the context of diabetes, maintaining oral health is crucial because individuals with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing dental issues such as gum disease and infections. Ayurveda emphasizes the balance of doshas i.e. Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, proper diet, and lifestyle modifications to promote overall well-being, including oral health. Regular dental check-ups, maintaining good oral hygiene practices, and following the guidance of Ayurvedic principles are essential components of oral care for individuals with diabetes cases. Exploring the integration of Ayurveda into the oral care of diabetes cases involves considering the holistic principles of Ayurveda, the role of specific practices like oil pulling and herbal components, and the practical application of these principles in conjunction with conventional care. It's a fascinating intersection of traditional wisdom and modern healthcare, and ongoing research can shed more light on the efficacy and nuances of Ayurvedic approaches in managing oral health in individuals with diabetes.

"Cancer Perspectives And Recent Advances In Anti-Cancer Drug Research: A Review In The Lens Of Siddha Medicine"

Introduction: Cancer is a global health challenge, demanding innovative approaches for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Despite ongoing research efforts, finding a definitive cure for cancer remains a formidable challenge. In response to these challenges, the concept of integrative oncology has gained prominence, aiming to combine conventional treatments with evidence-based complementary therapies. Objective: This review explores the integration of Siddha medicine, an ancient South Indian system, with modern oncology to offer holistic cancer care. Siddha perspectives on cancer, its classifications, etiopathogenesis, diagnostic methodologies, and treatment modalities are thoroughly analysed in comparison with modern approach. Recent research on Siddha medicines demonstrating anti-cancer potential is also being reviewed through a systematic literature analysis. Methodology: Analyses of various Siddha texts is done to know the terminologies and categories of cancer. Siddha's etiopathogenesis, diagnostic methodologies and Siddha treatment modalities are discussed, emphasizing the balance of humours. Recent research on Siddha medicines for cancer treatment is compiled through a systematic literature review. Discussion: The manuscript decodes Siddha's conceptual framework underlying cancer hallmarks, aligning Vatham, Pitham, and Kabam with the eight hallmark capabilities. Siddha diagnostic methodologies, including pulse reading and urine examination, are compared with modern techniques. Siddha treatment modalities, rooted in herbal formulations, are presented. A comprehensive compilation of Siddha drugs with anti-cancer potential is provided, supported by in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical studies. Conclusion: The multifaceted nature of cancer necessitates a comprehensive approach, and Siddha medicine provides unique insights. While Siddha may not directly align with modern diagnostics, its holistic principles contribute valuably to cancer discussions. Integrating Siddha into mainstream oncology requires scientific rigor, with further research and clinical trials to validate safety and efficacy. The fusion of Siddha wisdom with modern oncology holds promise for a more holistic and patient-centric cancer care approach.

Tri Hita Karana for environmental resilience: Enhancing coral reef conservation and sustainable practices in Mengiat Beach Bali

This collaborative international community service initiative applies the Tri Hita Karana philosophy to improve coral reef conservation at Bali''s Mengiat Beach. The collaboration between Universitas Ngurah Rai and the University of Canberra integrates traditional wisdom and innovative methods, promoting resilience, sustainable practices, and economic growth while adhering to Tri Hita Karana''s holistic principles. The initiative program combines Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and the Mars Assisted Restoration System (MARRS) to safeguard coral ecosystems. Participatory Action Research (PAR) empowers communities, aligning with the holistic principles of Tri Hita Karana. The methodology encompasses preparation, education, hands-on training, beach clean-ups, and continuous evaluation, reinforcing coral preservation while promoting sustainable practices and ecological well-being. These strategies align with the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, promoting local engagement and resource management. The donation of Reef Stars by the universities to the Bali Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Foundation reflects a commitment to environmental well-being and long-term harmony. The Mengiat Beach collaboration by two universities and the Bali Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Foundation integrates traditional wisdom and modern methods within the Tri Hita Karana philosophy. Through education, training, and reef restoration, the initiative emphasizes community engagement and ecological resilience.

ДЕТЕРМИНАЦИОННЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ УРОВНЯ СУБЪЕКТИВАЦИИ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПОЗНАНИЯ

The relevance of research. Mistakes and misconceptions in social cognition cost people dearly, often their price is human life, the existence of various social communities, states and even civilizations. The purpose of the study is to identify a number of factors that cause errors and misconceptions in social cognition at the level of subjectivation. To achieve the goal, the methods of dialectical and structural-functional analysis, extrapolation, the methodological concept of polysubject sociality of the Ural Philosophical School, the method of comparative analysis, the principle of holism were used. The main results of the study: the appearance of misconceptions in social cognition is a natural phenomenon, an attribute of cognition. Their appearance and overcoming is influenced by the nature of the relationship between the subject and the object of social cognition. Determinative factors affecting the epistemological relationship of the latter can lower or increase the degree of coherence of the main substrate elements of the level of subjectivation. Therefore, the main task of the cognizing subject is to activate the activity of coherence factors that increase the degree of epistemological mutual adequacy of the cognizing object and its subjective image and minimize the influence of factors that increase their epistemological discrepancy. Scientific novelty: the paper argues that the level of subjectivation is an attributive part of the cognitive process. The achievement of truth and the appearance of misconceptions in social cognition are influenced by three groups of determinative factors: objective, subjective and reflexive. Their specificity and the nature of their influence on the process of social cognition are revealed. Determinative factors, depending on the cognitive situation, lower or increase the degree of coherence of the main substrate elements of the level of subjectivation, contribute to the achievement of truth, or lead away from it. The classification of coherence factors determining the appearance of errors and misconceptions in social cognition at the level of subjectivation is presented. There are such groups of them: objective, subjective and reflexive. The article contains specific recommendations for overcoming mistakes and misconceptions in social cognition. Practical significance the identification of the features of the formation of the epistemological series in the knowledge of society makes it possible to predict with a greater degree of reliability the appearance of errors and misconceptions in this process, to prevent their manifestation. Direction of further research. There are three main levels of coherence in social cognition: the level of subjectivation, objectification and object. Further research presupposes the identification of determinative factors affecting the effectiveness of social cognition at the objectification and object level.

Baicalin Induces Gastric Cancer Cell Pyroptosis through the NF-κB-NLRP3 Signaling Axis.

Pyroptosis, a highly regulated form of cell death, could hold the key to revolutionizing cancer treatment. With cancer posing a significant global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates, exploring unconventional therapeutic approaches becomes imperative. Chinese medicine, renowned for its holistic principles, presents intriguing possibilities for treating gastric cancer (GC). Notably, baicalin, a prominent component found in the traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has shown promising clinical potential in gastric cancer treatment.To shed light on this intriguing phenomenon, a multidisciplinary approach was undertaken, combining systems biology, bioinformatics, and in vitro studies. The primary objective was to unravel the intricate workings underlying baicalein's ability to promote gastric cancer cell pyroptosis.The findings from this comprehensive study unveiled an essential signaling axis involving NF-κB-NLRP3, which plays a pivotal role in the process of baicalein-induced pyroptosis in gastric cancer cells. As the investigation progressed, it became evident that baicalein exhibited a remarkable capability to reverse the effects of the NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950 Sodium. Excitingly, the efficacy of cell pyroptosis induction by baicalein demonstrated a discernible dose-dependent relationship, showcasing its potential as a valuable therapeutic agent.The complex nature of these findings underscores the intricate interplay between baicalein, NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling, and gastric cancer cell pyroptosis. As the scientific community delves deeper into the world of Pyroptosis and its therapeutic implications, baicalein's potential as a game-changer in the fight against gastric cancer becomes increasingly evident.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ МОДЕЛІ СТАКЕЛЬБЕРГА ТЕОРІЇ ІГОР У ХОЛІСТИЧНІЙ МЕДИЦИНІ

The article presents an analysis of the use of the Stackelberg model for modeling and analyzing leadership-evolutionary population systems in medicine. The current trends in the use of game theory in the management of patients during chemotherapy are analyzed. The concept of holistic medicine and the possibilities of further integration and development of the Stackelberg model are outlined. The intersection of game theory and medicine has become a promising avenue for understanding and managing complex systems, particularly in the context of chemotherapy and patient care. This paper explores the analysis of leadership-evolutionary population systems in medicine using the Stackelberg model. It delves into current trends in the application of game theory within patient management during chemotherapy, shedding light on the potential of holistic medicine and the integration of the Stackelberg model for further advancements in this field. The Stackelberg model, a cornerstone in game theory, has proven valuable in modeling and analyzing leadership dynamics within evolving population systems. In the medical context, its application offers insights into strategic interactions among stakeholders, influencing the trajectory of patient care during chemotherapy. The paper examines the intricacies of the Stackelberg model, emphasizing its role in understanding decision-making processes and optimizing resource allocation in healthcare settings. Further improvement of approaches to the use of game theory models in the analysis, simulation and management of processes in medicine requires the adoption of an arsenal of concepts and tools from the holistic theory of medicine. Current models, including those by Stackelberg, have limited capabilities to assess the evolutionary system's resistance to the actions of an external agent. An in-depth analysis of current trends reveals a growing reliance on game theory for patient management during chemotherapy. Game-theoretic approaches enable healthcare professionals to anticipate and respond to evolving situations, fostering more effective and adaptive strategies. This section explores real-world examples and success stories where game theory has played a pivotal role in optimizing treatment plans and improving patient outcomes. Despite the advancements made through the integration of the Stackelberg model and holistic medicine, challenges persist. This paper addresses limitations in current models, emphasizing the need for a broader conceptual framework to evaluate evolutionary systems' resilience to external influences. It calls for continued research and innovation in incorporating holistic principles into game theory models, envisioning a future where healthcare management is characterized by a more nuanced and adaptive approach.

Epigenetic perspective on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: The holistic principle of systems biology and epigenetic reasoning

Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease are the main causes of impairment and cardiac death, placing a significant burden on our health-care system. This review focuses on elucidating the involvement of various epigenetic mechanisms in the genesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly chronic CVDs. The deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms plays a crucial role in the progression of CVDs, prompting exploration into novel preventive approaches. Advancements in molecular procedures, network-based approaches, and data analysis have identified new targets in CVDs, permitting the utilization of individualized epigenetic factors for personalized diagnosis and treatment. While promising for improving diagnostic and prognostic assessments, the clinical implementation of epigenetic biomarkers lags behind. Multicenter clinical documentation in a large sample population is crucial to confidently ascertain the clinical utility of specific epigenetic biomarkers. Of particular interest is the interplay between epigenetics and the conflict between the gene-based reductionist theory and the holistic principle of systems biology (SB). The holistic principle analyzes the structural organization and regulation of biological networks, influencing the genesis and progression of complex cardiac diseases like CVDs. This review emphasizes the complexity of CVDs, elucidates the interrelationship between disease networks and epigenetic mechanisms, and highlights the importance of the holistic principle of SB, coupled with artificial intelligence, in clarifying this interrelationship. The constant and uninterrupted epigenetic impact holds immense potential for advancing our understanding of disease progression and treatment across cells and tissues. Despite these advancements, the full integration of the epigenetic impact into medical practice remains incomplete, with limited utilization in clinical applications. Nevertheless, it is likely that in the near future, the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, with its lifelong and extended effects on health, will become an integral part of everyday clinical practice.

Integrating perspectives: contributions of Gestalt Theory to the understanding of Social Psychology

This article provides a comprehensive review of the significant contributions of Gestalt Theory to Social Psychology. It highlights how this perspective enriches the understanding of perception, cognition and social interaction. Originating in the field of perceptual psychology, Gestalt Theory postulates that individuals perceive visual and social elements as integrated parts of a whole, rather than sums of isolated components. This holistic principle is explored through its application in Social Psychology. How it influences impression formation, problem solving, decision making and group dynamics is examined. Key concepts such as insight thinking, figure background in social perception, and the importance of patterns and structures in interpreting social contexts are discussed. In addition, the impact of Gestalt Theory on research methods and social therapies is evaluated from a unique perspective on human interaction and group behavior. Finally, future research areas are suggested that could benefit from a deeper integration of Gestalt principles into Social Psychology, promoting a more holistic and dynamic approach to understanding the mind and social behavior.

Policy responses to real world challenges associated with NEET youth: a scoping review

In the last decades, young people not in education or employment have become the focus of policy-makers worldwide, and there are high political expectations for various intervention initiatives. Despite the global focus, there is currently a lack of systemic knowledge of the factors supporting policy-making. Therefore, using scoping review methodology, a systematic literature overview of research findings in 2013–2021 on young people not in education or employment will be provided. The research revealed five categories to consider from a policy-making perspective: “NEET” as a concept, the heterogeneity of the target group, the impact of policies for young people, possible interventions, and factors influencing young people's coping strategies. Based on analysis, the target group requires applying the holistic principle where the young person is a unique person whose involvement in service creation supports the service's compliance with the actual needs of young people. To support young people, it is important to consider differences within a single social group; the interaction between the different site-based policies; young people's sense of self-perception and autonomy in entering support services; possible coping strategies and the need to provide support in a time and place-based flexible and caring environment through multidisciplinary teams. The study's results support the importance of implementation and the identification of existing opportunities of the EU's reinforced Youth Guarantee guidelines and point to possible future research topics related to the target group.

The two principles that shape scientific research

ABSTRACT This paper argues that all scientific research is framed by one of two organizing principles that underpin and shape almost every aspect of scientific research as well as nonscientific inquiry. The most commonly employed principle within mainstream science is content determines content. This is a closed, circular principle that is usually unstated within hypotheses but plays a major role in developing methodologies and arriving at conclusions. The second more open principle is context determines content. This principle represents the implied background embedded within hypotheses. The difference between these two principles revolves around the issue of context, with the first principle closing off contexts by ignoring, erasing, or devaluing them, while the second more holistic principle explicitly takes them into account. Each of these research principles has a focus on the explicit detailed nature of ‘content’ while differing in relation to the source and cause of such content. We argue that the more open and holistic principle of context determines that content is superior in producing reliable evidence, results and conclusions.

Specific Learning Disorder: An Overview and Its Homoeopathic Approach

As this is an era where we cannot survive without basic education, specific learning disorder limits a child from achieving his/her academic excellence. Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, and Dyscalculia come under Specific disorders in scholastic skills. It is rare to see these disorders in isolation. Various subtypes for each of the scholastic skills are mentioned by researchers and textbooks. Homoeopathy treats on a holistic principle by individualizing every patient as a person. It has good scope for Learning disorders which is proved by various research. Some of the effective remedies are Lycopodium, Calcarea Carb, Phosphorus, Baryta Carb, Aethusa, etc. Keywords: Learning Disorder, Learning Disability, Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, And Homoeopathy

The Concept of a Holistic Development Constitution in Light of Plato’s Theory of Gradual State Decline

Today, society faces a number of challenges driven by excessive consumption and extreme proliferation of utilitarian and radical individualistic ideals. This study is focused on searching for new constitutional models that would mitigate social and environmental risks of the consumerist era. To this end, the author has conducted a comprehensive review of relevant Ancient Greek concepts. In the 5th and 4th centuries BC, Greece put forward the first abstract notions of the ideal and material realms, as well as of individualism and collectivism. Particular attention is given to Plato’s theory of inevitable constitutional decline, its causes and potential solutions. Re-examining the classical holistic methodology — where the whole is larger than the sum of its parts — now seems as essential as ever before. Although such an approach is foreign to contemporary world steeped in division and individual’s alienation from nature, society and other individuals, classical holistic principles remain quite relevant, as they are largely aligned with the 20th century notion of sustainable development, which sees economic, social and environmental challenges as intrinsically linked, without dividing them into separate realms. Due to this perspective, the author has been able to come up with a general normative framework that also takes the fields of ethic and aesthetic — separate, but linked by a complex interrelation system — into account.

Proposed temporary waqf model for family waqf implementation in Malaysia

PurposeThis study aims to propose a temporary waqf model for family waqf by establishing its application parameters, which may facilitate the management of family waqf in Malaysia and encourage new donors to establish waqf.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative methodology was employed to analyse the data through deductive and field research methods. For field research, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with the Waqf Corporations and Mufti's Department in the selected states within Malaysia.FindingsResults drawn from the interview's findings are that creating family waqf in Malaysia is hindered by several obstacles, including family waqfs not serving the public interest but rather their descendants, and family waqfs have been practised in perpetuity. Besides, inefficient management of family waqf and a lack of an effective mechanism and parameter exists. Therefore, this study presented a conceptual framework for a temporary cash waqf model for family waqf along with the parameters that can be used to implement it. The temporary waqf is a strategy to develop waqf property and the interests of creators, beneficiaries and trustees. Temporary waqf merged into the family waqf yields benefits to the family waqf.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of Malaysia's Waqf Regulation and Administration, this study was confined to selected states. This study has broadened the scope of temporary family waqf, including moveable, immovable property and cash waqf.Practical implicationsThis study presented a temporary waqf model for family waqf as a realistic mechanism and criterion for its practical implementation in Malaysia.Social implicationsThis study could encourage new donors to establish waqf.Originality/valueThis study’s novelty lies in its attempt to highlight the importance of the temporary waqf model as a practical mechanism with holistic principles for its implementation in Malaysia to benefit the donors, their families and trustees. In addition to family waqf, numerous temporary waqfs may be established, in which the income or usufruct is shared proportionally, such as charitable waqf (waqf khairi), private waqf (waqf khas) and joint waqf (waqf mushtarak).