Holistic Experience Research Articles

Moving to secondary school for children with ASN: a systematic review of international literature

This article presents the findings, from a systematic review of international literature, of the existing research into the transition to secondary school of children with additional support needs, which happens for most children at around 11–12 years of age in Scotland. It brings an original contribution to the existing literature through its focus on the holistic transition experience of this group of children. From an initial 52 texts that met the inclusion criteria, further scrutiny led to the identification of only 22 empirical studies published in the last 15 years which contained findings meeting the review objectives. Transition is an ongoing process; however, only five studies were longitudinal. There remains a paucity of international literature to inform good practice in a consistent manner, and a need for further longitudinal, qualitative research to support the development of inclusive education internationally. Implications for educational policy include personalisation of this school move.

Branches from the same tree: The case for integration in higher education

The nature of work is changing rapidly in the digital age, increasing the demand for skills in specific disciplines. Across the United States and beyond, this evolution has led to an increased emphasis on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education at every level. Meanwhile, at US institutions of higher education, the proportion of undergraduate students who earn a degree in the humanities is declining. However, while the public discussion often pits the disciplines against one another, the sciences, arts, and humanities are—as Albert Einstein once wrote—“branches of the same tree” [(2006) The Einstein Reader]. They are mutually reinforcing. Therefore, the best way to prepare the next generation for the future of work, life, and citizenship is to provide broad, holistic educational experiences that integrate the STEM disciplines with the arts and humanities. A new study from the Board on Higher Education and Workforce of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine bolsters the case for such an approach, finding considerable evidence that the mutual integration of disciplines leads to improved educational and career outcomes for undergraduate and graduate students.

Posting photos of luxury cuisine online: an exploratory study

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the motives for posting or sharing food photos using social media, focussed within the context of fine dining (FD) restaurants.Design/methodology/approachEthnographic fieldwork was conducted in France by combining analysis of qualitative diary research and transcripts of focus group discussions.FindingsThe motivation to take food images can be broadly categorised according to experiential (hedonism, altruism and passion collecting) and symbolic (social status, uniqueness, self-esteem and self-presentation) benefits.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited by its relatively small sample size and the inability to consider the direct influences of demographic variables and attitudes to FD and social media. Moreover, the cultural context of the study needs to be considered as the study took place in France.Practical implicationsUser-generated images are increasingly an integral aspect of the holistic dining experience. Luxury restaurants need to leverage the opportunities of user-generated content. The FD experience needs to be visually captured and expressed. This can include both tangible and intangible attributes.Originality/valueAlthough the literature has provided a comprehensive overview of social media behaviour, the efficacy of a gastronomic perspective is limited. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate consumer-generated postings of images of food within the luxury restaurant classification.

Engagement with campus activities matters: Toward a new era of educationally purposeful activities

AMERICAN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES HAVE BEEN CONCERNED WITH THE STUDENT EXPERIENCE since their founding when in loco parentis was a de facto model of the student-institutional relationship. The nature of that relationship has changed over time but consistently demonstrated a concern and responsibility that colleges and universities had for the holistic student experience. This article will situate student affairs practice and campus activities in the evolution of higher education with an emphasis on how purposefully designing campus activities advance desirable learning and developmental outcomes for students.

A holistic experience in the integrated learning of specialized English and content in engineering degrees

Author/s
 Irina Argüelles ÁlvarezUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
 
 ABSTRACT
 This paper aims to outline a theory-based Content and Language Integrated Learning course and to establish the rationale for adopting a holistic approach to the teaching of languages in tertiary education. Our work focuses on the interdependence between Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), in particular regarding the learning of English within the framework of Telecommunications Engineering. The study first analyses the diverse components of the instructional approach and the extent to which this approach interrelates with technologies within the context of what we have defined as a holistic experience, since it also aims to develop a set of generic competences or transferable skills. Second, an example of a course project framed in this holistic approach is described in order to exemplify the specific actions suggested for learner autonomy and CLIL. The approach provides both an adequate framework as well as the conditions needed to carry out a lifelong learning experience within our context, a Spanish School of Engineering. In addition to specialized language and content, the approach integrates the learning of skills and capacities required by the new plans that have been established following the Bologna Declaration in 1999.

OP29 Building A Global, Public Repository Of Patient Experience Data

IntroductionThe Patient Experience, Expectations and Knowledge (PEEK) protocol was developed so that a holistic, comprehensive, independent, proactive and systematic approach could be taken to inform decisions made in the context of health technology assessment and other parts of the health sector. Each PEEK study is made publicly available which over time will result in a global repository of patient experience data.MethodsThe PEEK protocol is a single protocol that can be implemented across disease areas and includes a quantitative and qualitative component. The quantitative component is based on a series of validated tools that provide baseline health and demographic data for the study population. The qualitative component is the result of two years of protocol testing to develop a structured interview that solicits comprehensive and holistic patient experience data, and provides participants with the opportunity to provide advice on their future expectations.ResultsPEEK studies in breast cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, spinal muscular atrophy, atopic dermatitis, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure and mitochondrial disease have been completed in the Australian context (www.cc-dr.org/peek). Holistic patient experience themes are presented commencing with symptoms and diagnosis experience, through to communication, information, treatments experienced and quality of life. Information is also available in relation to participant's expectations of future treatment, care, information and communication. The result is a freely available repository of patient experience data that anyone in the sector can access to complement clinical and economic evidence.ConclusionsThe process of providing patient feedback and real-world evidence in the context of health technology assessment is often ad-hoc. The lack of consistency means that it has been difficult to assess the impact of patient engagement and feedback in the context of health technology assessment. The PEEK protocol and program is an example of a systematic, independent and holistic approach to patient experience and real-world evidence data collection that provides the sector with an opportunity to proactively engage the community in decisions that are made about treatment, care and support.

The early antidepressant-like effect of deep brain stimulation: Patterns of activity and their modulation by analgesics

STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. This paper discusses the importance of delivering STEM education as an integrated applied interdisciplinary approach to learning. Such a holistic interactive experience can inspire the younger generation to get interested in STEM. This learning approach can be greatly enhanced through being exposed to real life experiences, projects and activities, where STEM plays a pivotal role.Many astronauts, scientists, and engineers working in aerospace and the space industry were inspired to follow such careers because at some early stage of their lives they witnessed a pivotal life changing event which could have only been possible to comprehend or realise through the integrated utilization of STEM. This may have been a natural phenomenon, such as witnessing a solar eclipse or a meteor shower, while some are man-made, such as the first man in space orbiting the Earth or the first humans to land on the Moon. All of these experiences would have had a powerful effect in igniting the imagination of a young child or student. For example, Neil Alden Armstrong at the age of six took his first airplane ride. He was so intrigued by this experience on this marvel of an invention that it made him determined to become a pilot. In an indirect way it drove him to want to learn STEM, which are essential if you want to become a proficient aviator. Of course we all know now that if it wasn't for that inspiration, Armstrong may have never set his foot on the Moon to become the first human to do so.The United Arab Emirates Space Agency (UAE SA) endeavours to play a big part in building a bright and exciting future for the UAE nation. This it has already started to do by focusing on the UAE younger generation which it considers as the most valuable resources. The aim is to set the sound foundation for a knowledge and technology based society. The approach is to set up a variety of Space related programs that inspire the students from an early age and motivate them to study STEM. Most importantly these programs are designed to empower them with knowledge, teaching them creative and innovative ways of thinking. These its space exploration and space based experimentation programs as platform in which students can get involved through holistic interactive hands on experiences covering all the fields of STEM. It is a well-known fact that involving all your senses in an activity enhances your experience and knowledge. In this way knowledge is retained, providing an extended background to solving problems and the insight towards future discoveries and developments.Examples of the UAE Space Agency Space related activities designed to encourage the engagement of student in STEM are:This paper will explain the objectives, phases, and the outcomes of running these types of activities and how they inspire the younger generation through exposure to these real life examples where STEM plays an essential role.

Fostering Self and Peer Learning Inside and Outside the Classroom through the Flipped Classroom Approach for Postgraduate Students

Aim/Purpose: The flipped classroom approach is one of the most popular active learning approaches. This paper explores the effectiveness of a new pedagogy, known as FOCUSED, for postgraduate students. Background: The flipped classroom approach is a trendy blended learning pedagogy which capitalizes on the flexibility of online learning and the stimulating nature of face-to-face discussion. This article describes a pilot study involving post-graduate students who experienced the flipped classroom approach in one of their courses. Methodology: In additional to online activities, students adopted a newly learned approach to solve a related problem that was given by another group of students during classes. Quantitative data were collected from pre- and post-tests for both self-learned online materials and group discussion during classes so that the effectiveness of the flipped classroom pedagogy could be examined from the perspective of a holistic learning experience. Findings: It was found that the average scores for the post-test for the self-learned online video were much higher than for pre-test, even though the post-tests for both online and face-to-face learning were higher than the respective pre-tests. The qualitative data collected at the end of the flipped classroom activities further confirmed the value of the flipped classroom approach. Even though students could self-learn, more students valued peer interactions in the classroom more than the flexibility of online learning.

Chapter 17 - Neuroimaging of smell and taste

The senses of taste and smell developed early in evolution and are of high ecological and clinical relevance in humans. Chemosensory systems function, in large part, as hazard avoidance systems, thereby ensuring survival. Moreover, they play a critical role in nutrition and in determining the flavor of foods and beverages. Their dysfunction has been shown to be a key element of early stages of a number of diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Advanced neuroimaging methods provide a unique means for understanding, in vivo, neural and psychological processing of smell, taste, and flavor, and how diseases can impact such processing. This chapter provides, from a neuroimaging perspective, a comprehensive overview of the anatomy and physiology involved in the odor and taste processing in the central nervous system. Some methodological challenges associated with chemosensory neuroimaging research are discussed. Multisensory integration, the mechanisms that enable holistic sensory experiences, is emphasized.

International Flagship Stores: An exploration of store atmospherics and their influence on purchase behaviour

Flagship stores are luxury retailers' most prestigious market entry method and serve as impressive representations of their brand image. However, there is a lack of extant research investigating how the holistic experience created in luxury flagship stores has an effect on consumers' purchase behaviour. This study aims to fill this gap in the academic literature by using a qualitative methodology to explore how the atmospheric cues in luxury flagship stores influence consumers' impressions of the brand and, ultimately, their impulse and non-impulse purchase behaviour. The findings show that atmospheric cues and design features have a significant impact on the perceived brand image and on both impulse and non-impulse purchase behaviour. Furthermore, the results show that the most influential atmospheric cues on purchase behaviour are the customer service provided, followed by the product displays, the layout of the store and the design and experience of the fitting rooms.

Conclusion and recommendations

This research provided insights into the comfort and energy-consuming behaviours of home occupants and into grouping these home occupants based on their individual differences. This was achieved by using a human-centered approach to an engineering challenge, by assuming comfort as a holistic experience of the home environment, and by treating the ‘occupant-environment’ interactions as a dynamic system. Such an approach drew methods typically used in design and ethnographic research, by gathering both qualitative and quantitative data from both the occupant and the building. The occupant data was collected quantitatively with the use of a questionnaire (self-reported) and qualitatively with interviews (procedural knowledge) and finally with generative techniques (interpretive knowledge). In such a way, different types of occupant knowledge were elicited and collected. The building data was gathered with checklists, monitoring, and energy readings. With the questionnaire data and a clustering technique -the TwoStep cluster analysis- five distinct types of occupant, or archetypes, were discovered and they were progressively enhanced and substantiated with the interview and generative techniques data. Additionally, data of building characteristics, indoor environmental factors, and actual energy consumption completed the details of the archetypes. The following paragraphs provide the conclusion and recommendations drawn from this research. First each of the key questions are answered followed by the answer to the main research question; in which the final description of the archetypes is presented. This is followed by the strengths and limitations of this work and recommendations for the future process. Then for each archetype, environmental design parameters are presented. This finishes with recommendations for future research and the implications of this work.

International flagship stores: an exploration of store atmospherics and their influence on purchase behaviour

Flagship stores are luxury retailers' most prestigious market entry method and serve as impressive representations of their brand image. However, there is a lack of extant research investigating how the holistic experience created in luxury flagship stores has an effect on consumers' purchase behaviour. This study aims to fill this gap in the academic literature by using a qualitative methodology to explore how the atmospheric cues in luxury flagship stores influence consumers' impressions of the brand and, ultimately, their impulse and non-impulse purchase behaviour. The findings show that atmospheric cues and design features have a significant impact on the perceived brand image and on both impulse and non-impulse purchase behaviour. Furthermore, the results show that the most influential atmospheric cues on purchase behaviour are the customer service provided, followed by the product displays, the layout of the store and the design and experience of the fitting rooms.

The influence of GPS-based navigation systems on perception and image formation: A case study in urban environments

Images are mentally stored information about the perceived environment and based on direct interaction of human beings with the environment, previous knowledge about that environment, the differences in human ability to navigate, and the task at hand. The perceived environmental information is assessed in the mind, stored as mental images and used to direct the following actions. GPS-based navigation systems, on the contrary, offer precise descriptions of a particular environment and explanations for reaching a specific target. These systems have become an integral part of daily routine through mobile phone applications. However, the use of these systems limits the visual and tactile relationship of individuals with the environment and diminishes the holistic experience and profoundness of a live mental image. Therefore, the effects of GPS-based navigation systems on mental image formation process need to be investigated in the research of spatial perception.The aim of this study is to discuss the effects of wayfinding methods used on perception and image formation in urban environments. In the field study, two different urban patterns -one organic and the other conceived- were chosen. One group of participants proceeded to a specific target in both urban patterns by relying only on GPS-based navigation devices, while the other group found their way by asking dwellers for the directions. After completing their routes, all participants were asked to draw cognitive maps of the wayfinding tasks, and then a structured survey was conducted. Analysis of the resulting data was conducted through the comparison of the experiences completed by the use of GPS-based navigation systems and by route enquiries. According to the results of the study, in an unfamiliar urban environment, the use of GPS-based navigation systems during wayfinding did not prevent the storage of perceived environmental information or clues as mental images and this mentally stored information was used to direct the future actions in that environment. It was revealed that the dominant mental images that emerged during the wayfinding were landmarks.

The Positive Effects of Viewing Gardens for Persons with Dementia.

Dementia is highly prevalent among the worldwide elderly population. Only a small number of the currently marketed drugs are effective in controlling its symptoms, and none has any effect on its progression. Further, as the condition advances, even these pharmaceuticals lose their efficiency, and new research into interventions that might improve the life quality of patients at the end stage of dementia and their families is increasingly rare. In our previous studies, we explored the benefits of exposure to nature, in the form of a Japanese garden, for persons with advanced dementia. In the current work, we extended our observations to two new locations and a new set of subjects with a different ethnic composition with the goal of identifying interventions that might improve their quality of life. We found that, even in these new settings, garden observation not only relieved physiological stress, it improved qualitative measures such as verbalization and memory retrieval. We present data that viewing the garden is a holistic experience rather a solely visual stimulus. Our new data further support the conclusion that garden observation is worth including in the care planning schedule of advanced dementia patients. Its low cost and easy availability make it an economical adjunct to current pharmacological methods that has the potential to improve the quality of life of people with dementia.

Theatres of sounds: The role of context in the presentation of electroacoustic music

Why do we work to create multichannel concerts? Given that we do, might we further consider the holistic experience of coming to a concert and how that impacts upon the audience’s engagement with the music? Why do electroacoustic music concerts take place in the locations that they do? Do we consider the relationship between content and form appropriately when planning and organizing concert events? This article considers the philosophical approaches to multichannel concerts, questioning the underlying motives behind them and how these inform both the technological systems used and the context within which works are presented. Contrasting idealist and realist approaches, this article seeks to identify the aesthetic goals which have driven current multichannel sound projection systems and questions if looking beyond the technologies of reproduction to consider the holistic experience of an electroacoustic concert might help to inform future practice. At the 2013 symposium for Acoustic Ecology in Kent, concerts were held inside the covered Number 3 slip at Chatham Historic Dockyard. This enormous wooden ‘hanger-like’ structure was built in Georgian times to allow naval vessels to be built under shelter. This expansive space provided a dramatic setting for our concert. Barry Truax presented a new composition ‘Earth and Steel’ built from the metallic clangs of ship construction, recorded in the Vancouver shipyards of the 1970s. The remainder of the programme contained a diversity of works, both abstract and more mimetic in nature. But in this particular space where giant ships were built and repaired, can it be said that Truax’s piece was even more resonant? Would the work have had the same effect in a sanitised concert hall? Was it somehow more significant in that slipway? How might performance of this same work, during inSonic2015 at the ZKM, compare?

Transparency or Stimulating Meaningfulness and Self-Regulation? A Case Study About a Programmatic Approach to Transparency of Assessment Criteria

This exploratory case study focused on fostering meaning making of assessment criteria and standards at the module level and the course/programme level (the entire study plan), and the role of self-regulation in this meaning making process. The research questions that guided this study are: (1) How can students’ meaning making of assessment criteria at the module level be fostered, (2) How can students’ meaning making of assessment criteria at the programme level be fostered, and (3) How can self-regulation contribute to students’ meaning making process? We explored the design and implementation of a rather new Master’s programme in The Netherlands: The Master’s Expert Teacher of Vocational Education (METVE). Interviews with three developers, three teachers, and ten students of the METVE were analyzed. For each research question, several themes were derived from the data. Results indicate that meaning making takes place at the module level by using holistic assessment criteria and evaluative experiences, which allow students to make choices within the boundaries set by the assessment criteria. Meaning making at the programme level is experienced as much more difficult by students as well as teachers. The design of the METVE programme fosters meaning making at the programme level, but METVE teachers also express difficulties supporting this. Finally, we found that students perceive self-regulation as something extra for which they don’t have enough time. Self-regulation at the programme level was not explicitly addressed and supported in the METVE, which makes it more difficult for some students to steer their learning process towards the role they are aiming for in professional practice after completing the Master’s programme.

Connected and Autonomous Driving

The articles in this special section examine the market for autonomous and connected vehicles. The automotive industry is transitioning toward connected, autonomous, and electric vehicles; offering contextual, intelligent, and personal consumer experiences; and innovating disruptive ecosystems and business models such as car sharing and hailing services. All of these are primarily driven by fast-moving technology and innovations from 5G communication, cloud and edge computing platforms to artificial intelligence and big data. These changes are predicted to dominate our lives in about 10 years, leading to significant consumer and business values, including improved traffic and safety, smart journey management, cleaner environments, intelligent and personal mobility experiences, and competitive cost management. Similar to companies like Apple, Google, and Baidu heavily investing in connected and autonomous vehicles, car manufacturers are moving to be more like software companies in their use of big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to understand the driving context and consumer behavior. These days, a car is not just for going from point A to point B; rather, it delivers a holistic experience that revolves around our daily activities, with the future being the autonomous vehicle.

A designerly way of analyzing the customer experience

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the usability of different design methods in understanding the customer experience from a contextual and systemic standpoint.Design/methodology/approachThree design methods (i.e. personas, observations and collaborative service mapping) were applied to analyze customer experiences in two service settings. These methods’ usability was compared across the two settings.FindingsPersonas, as informed by phenomenological interviews, provide insights into the customer’s broader lifeworld context. These insights assist in connecting with and understanding the customer experience from a dyadic customer-firm perspective. The involvement of the customer in service mapping activities supports the validation of findings and gives access to experience dimensions beyond the immediate service setting.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is limited to three design methods and is based on small samples. Future research should systematically review design methods to provide a basis for a more comprehensive evaluation.Practical implicationsTo successfully capture the contextual and systemic nature of the customer experience, managers should apply interpretive approaches and actively involve selected customers as “experts of their experiences”. The study provides guidelines on how design methods can be combined and applied to a more holistic customer experience analysis.Originality/valueThe paper shows that design methods, when applied in a combined form, can support an analysis that captures both in-depth insights into the customer’s lifeworld and the complexity of value constellations.

Orchestrating service brand touchpoints and the effects on relational outcomes

PurposeThis research aims to identify critical brand touchpoints that generate value for customers and brands and examine their effects on two relational outcomes: relationship quality and word of mouth (WOM).Design/methodology/approachThree studies combining qualitative and quantitative research provide evidence distinguishing four different stages of customer experience in the telecom industry and develop a research model of staged customer experience; structural equation modeling analyses are used to validate the proposed model and test for the examined effects.FindingsCustomer experience in the telecom industry consists of four related but distinct stages (i.e. pre-touch, in-touch, post-touch and service failure) and these stages have direct and indirect effects on WOM. Furthermore, the effects of customer experience stages on WOM are partially mediated by relationship quality.Research limitations/implicationsThe research model introduced here will allow academics and practitioners to focus their efforts on important touchpoints that influence relationship quality and WOM. Future research should examine the proposed model of staged customer experience in different applications and industries.Practical implicationsA common myth among marketers is that firms should design a painless experience if they want a superior market position. While avoiding a drain on financial resources, the prime objective should be to provide a holistic customer experience that is valuable to customers and the brand alike. Marketers should disregard touchpoints and stages that do not provide noticeable value.Originality/valueThis research answers the call for a more appropriate model to elucidate the factors that link customer experience with relational outcomes.

Gaining and sustaining ‘hospitable’ employment for disability youth

As the hospitality industry globally suffers persistent skills shortages, organisations are increasingly looking to non-traditional labour markets to fill vacancies. Indeed, hospitality has a long tradition of employing from society’s margins [1]. Research has shown hospitality firms are more likely than other industries to hire people experiencing disability [2]. Therefore, hospitality has the need, the tradition and the capacity to implement and support lasting change in the employment of disability youth.
 The Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which is overhauling the sector and transforming the way persons experiencing disability access services, is modelled on research demonstrating the broader economic benefits of greater inclusive workforce participation [3]. The scheme is also consistent with the fact that employment is the key to exits from disadvantage for most people of working age [4]. Yet Australia ranks 21st out of 29 OECD nations in disability employment rates [5]. These poor rates of providing inclusive employment are often levelled at firms’ unwillingness to hire applicants with a disability [6].
 In late 2016, a disability services provider (DSP) and a registered charity partnered in a mobile coffee cart social enterprise to create open employment pathways for a group of disability youth previously employed in the ‘sheltered workshop’ model. A 360-degree ethnography combining interview and observational methods [7] was designed to investigate the holistic experiences of the youth and to gain insights into the levers and barriers regarding open employment. The agency/structure dualism framed the study, as it is recognised that agency is in itself not sufficient when its expression is constrained by an individual’s social deficits and the legacies of their entrenched disadvantage [8]. In all, five ‘baristas’ experiencing disability (across 10 interviews), 11 co-workers/managers from the DSP and the charity, and 21 customers comprised the sample.
 Previous research has identified industry’s reticence to employ people with disability as a key barrier, despite ability and willingness to work [5]. This study, however, identified a complex range of structural factors inhibiting the agency of disability youth to self-determine towards open employment. These included a history of poor experiences in institutional settings (e.g. schooling and sporting), the safety and security of sheltered workshops, parental oversight and the staffing requirements of DSP social enterprises. Surprising individual-level factors were also manifest, including the inability to responsibly manage new- found workplace independence and an absence of extrinsic motivators to work – given that the disability youth enjoyed financial security regardless of earnings.
 This research challenges the conventional wisdom that organisations alone need to revisit their willingness, capacity and preparedness for providing accessible employment, and rather suggests that deep-seated structural factors, and their impacts on youth, require concomitant attention.
 Corresponding author
 Richard Robinson can be contacted at: richard.robinson@uq.edu.au
 References
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