Hold Your Research Articles

Hold your horses! Reining in your fastest pores with caspase-7

During infection, pore-forming proteins rapidly initiate cell lysis, but specialized processes like epithelial extrusion need additional time to occur in parallel. In a recent issue of Nature, Nozaki etal. (2022) report that caspase-7 promotes acid shingomyelinase (ASM)-mediated membrane repair of gasdermin and perforin pores to delay cell death.

Our Thoughts and Prayers

Our Thoughts and Prayers Cacayo (bio) To the 20+ children a day who are victims of gun violence in the United States of América. Now I lay me A Boy asks his older sister to buy him a gun. She says no. The Boy buys rifle slings, a military carrier vest, and optics . . . down to sleep The Boy posts about buying a gun and being a school shooter . . . I pray the Lord The Boy buys online 60 capacity magazines and posts a 10-day countdown . . . my soul to keep, The Boy becomes a Man: he buys two high-capacity rifles and over 2000 rounds of ammo . . . watch and guard me The Man texts that he will kill his grandmother and shoot up the Elementary School . . . through the night, The Gunman posts: I just shot my grandma in her head. Ima go shoot up a elementary school rn. [End Page 160] and wake me with The Gunman arrives at the School, shoots at two bystanders . . . Teachers call 911. the morning light. Police see the Gunman enter the School . . . (It's 11:33 a.m.) Almighty God, The Gunman fires over 200 rounds. radiant with light, Police enter the school as the Gunman continues to shoot . . . cast your goodness Gunman fires 16 more rounds in a classroom. to shine upon me. Police announce that Gunman is contained . . . .Gunman fires 11 more rounds. Most wonderful Lord, More Police enter the School . . . creator of all things, Police post that students and staff are safe in the School . . . hold your truth Gunman fires another round. More Police arrive . . . to shield me. Parents beg to enter the School. [End Page 161] Angel de mi guarda Police discuss what to do . . . oh mi dulce compañía A Student calls from a classroom. Twice. She whispers: multiple students are dead. no me desampares Police look for a master key . . . ni de noche ni de día Students call 911 again. They whisper: Children and a teacher are dead. hasta que me entregues More Police arrive . . . en los brazos Students call 911 again. They whisper: 8 or 9 students are alive. de Jesús Police Chief tries master key on another door . . . y de María Onlookers beg for action. Parents try to break the windows. Con tus alas me persigno Another Student inside calls 911. A Classmate whispers to him: hang up. The Gunman fires 4 rounds. y me abrazo de la Cruz Medics set up triage . . . Police search for a master key . . . [End Page 162] y en mi corazón me llevo A Student from a classroom calls again. She is told to wait . . . quietly . . . (It is 12:36 p.m.) al dulcísimo Jesús. [End Page 163] Cacayo St. Mary's College of Maryland Cacayo CACAYO (JOSÉ R. BALLESTEROS) is a Professor of International Languages and Cultures at St. Mary's College of Maryland. Beyond multiple publications in anthologies and journals, he authored the poetry collection Love Dust (Izote Press, 2014); and co-authored the Spanish letters textbook Voces de España (Cengage, 2014). Cacayo is the editor of Bolivian and Ecuadorian poetry for the Library of Congress' Handbook of Latin American Studies and is the founder and editor of the bilingual literary Press Zozobra Publishing. Copyright © 2022 South Central Review

Firearms, Physicians, Families, and Kids: Finding Words that Work

Firearms, Physicians, Families, and Kids: Finding Words that Work

Hold your horses: Differences in EEG correlates of inhibition in cancelling and stopping an action

Behavioral adaptation to changing contextual contingencies often requires the rapid inhibition of planned or ongoing actions. Inhibitory control has been mostly studied using the stop–signal paradigm, which conceptualizes action inhibition as the outcome of a race between independent GO and STOP processes. Inhibition is predominantly considered to be independent of action type, yet it is questionable whether this conceptualization can apply to stopping an ongoing action. To test the claimed generality of action inhibition, we investigated behavioral stop–signal reaction time (SSRT) and scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in two inhibition contexts: Using variants of the stop–signal task, we asked participants to cancel a prepared–discrete action or to stop an ongoing–rhythmic action in reaction to a STOP signal. The behavioral analysis revealed that the discrete and rhythmic SSRTs were not correlated. The EEG analysis showed that the STOP signal evoked frontocentral activity in the time and frequency domains (Delta/Theta range) in a task–specific manner: The P3 onset latency was the best correlate of discrete SSRT whereas N2/P3 peak-to-peak amplitude was the best correlate of rhythmic SSRT. These findings do not support a conceptualization of inhibition as action–independent but rather suggest that the differential engagement of both components of the N2/P3–complex as a function of action type pertains to functionally independent inhibition subprocesses.

Future Perfect

Future Perfect

Jesus Died to Guide the Prophet in the Moon's Blue Chunk: After Mahershala Ali

Jesus Died to Guide the Prophet in the Moon's Blue Chunk: <i>After Mahershala Ali</i>

Ohio's Not so Uncommon Punishment: Hold Your Sign in Shame

Ohio's Not so Uncommon Punishment: Hold Your Sign in Shame

The Great Zapfino by Mac Barnett

Reviewed by: The Great Zapfino by Mac Barnett Elizabeth Bush Barnett , Mac The Great Zapfino ; illus. by Marla Frazee . Beach Lane/Simon , 2022 [ 32 p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781534411548 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781534411555 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R 4-8 yrs Join the crowd, hold your breath, and thrill to the ringmaster's ballyhoo as The Great Zapfino ascends the impossibly high ladder and prepares to make the ten-story Leap For Life onto an impossibly tiny trampoline, defying fate "for your entertainment." It's a feat no rational person would attempt—and it seems that Zapfino thinks so too. He's out of the big top in a flash and on an airplane to a palm-tree lined beach, where he snags a job and a dingy top floor room in a Miami-esque mid-century modern apartment building, making a new life for himself as an elevator operator. He likes the tenants and the tenants like him, and life rolls along until the evening he falls asleep waiting for his nightly bread slice to toast and dinner catches fire. What Zapfino wouldn't do "for your entertainment" he now does for self-preservation, delighting onlookers as he leaps off the ledge and tumbles acrobatically through the air, bouncing onto the firefighters' trampoline and sticking a perfect landing with a theatrical flourish. Apart from some well-placed signage and the ringmaster's initial patter, the story proceeds wordlessly, allowing viewers to pore over the variety of elevator riders and their gear and to recognize Zapfino's air of contentment as he settles into a humble but satisfying routine. Frazee's black pencil drawings capture the action in a slightly ambiguous temporal setting, in which elevator operators ply their trade and men can be spotted in ties and fedoras, while airline passengers drag wheeled suitcases and hipsters carry coffee cups and yoga mats. Slight but delightful, this title easily withstands multiple readings, and unprepossessing Zapfino earns the big Z on the front of his uniform. Copyright © 2022 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Hold your breath: Voluntary breath-holding time predicts defensive activation to approaching internal threat

Bodily disturbances, like dyspnea, elicit responses to regain homeostasis and ensure survival. However, this life-saving function can become hyperreactive, which may lead to the emergence of psychopathology. This study investigated whether maximal voluntary breath-holding time (mvBHT), a biobehavioral marker that characterizes sensitivity to respiratory stimulation, predicts defensive mobilization to cues signaling the proximity of a mild electric shock vs. a respiratory threat (shortness of breath elicited by forced breath-holding) and the opportunity to avoid threat delivery in 60 healthy participants. While the startle reflex, a measure of defensive mobilization, generally increased with the proximity of an inevitable threat, shorter breath-holding time was specifically associated with greater startle potentiation when anticipating a respiratory threat but not an electric shock. In contrast, when both threats were avoidable, the startle reflex was comparably inhibited, irrespective of mvBHT. This study suggests that mvBHT specifically predicts hypersensitive responding to an anticipated inevitable respiratory threat.

Positional changes in vital capacity and diaphragm dysfunction: Hold your breath!

Positional changes in vital capacity and diaphragm dysfunction: Hold your breath!

The microbiological load and microbiome of the Dutch dental unit; ‘please, hold your breath’

Dental unit water systems are prone to biofilm formation. During use of the dental unit, clumps of biofilm slough off and can subsequently be aerosolized and inhaled by both patient and staff, potentially causing infections. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial load and microbiome of dental unit water, in the Netherlands, and the factors influencing these parameters. In total, 226 dental units were sampled and heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were determined on the traditional effluent sample. Of all dental units, 61% exceeded the recommended microbiological guidelines of 100 colony forming units per milliliter. In addition, the microbiome, with additional q-PCR analysis for specific species, was determined on an effluent sample taken immediately after an overnight stagnancy period, in which the biofilm is in its relaxed state. These relaxed biofilm samples showed that each dental unit had a unique microbiome. Legionella spp., amoeba and fungi were found in 71%, 43% and 98% of all units, respectively. The presence of amoeba was positively associated with nine bacterial biomarkers and correlated positively with bacterial and fungal DNA and Legionella spp. concentrations, but not with HPC. Only when adhering to disinfection protocols, statistically significant effects on the microbial load and microbiome were seen. The relaxed biofilm sample, in combination with molecular techniques gives better insight in the presence of opportunistic pathogens when compared to the heterotrophic plate counts. Infection control measures should focus on biofilm analysis and control in order to guarantee patient safety.

Address the rise in contract cheating amid the virtual learning environment

While virtual tools have allowed students to continue learning during the pandemic, the remote environment has also increased contract cheating. To help you hold your students accountable and address the source of the problem with online vendors, student conduct professionals from the University of Washington shared their lessons learned during the Association for Student Conduct Administration's annual conference, held virtually in February.

"I Wish I Could Hold Your Hand": Inconsistent Interactions Between Pregnant Women and Prison Officers.

Much of the literature on pregnant women who are incarcerated focuses on perinatal outcomes for infants, access to and quality of medical care, mental health concerns, prison nurseries, and shackling. This research adds a unique contribution by exploring women's interactions with prison officers during pregnancy, labor, and birth. Based on in-depth interviews with 18 pregnant or postpartum women incarcerated at a maximum-security state prison, the findings suggest inconsistent interactions between women and prison officers. Officers served as gatekeepers and/or advocates. Women reported dehumanizing behaviors, yet they also experienced compassion, especially in the delivery room, though limited by prison regulations. The findings have implications for training in trauma-informed care, clear expectations for prison officers, and consideration of doula programs.

Examining Australian’s beliefs, misconceptions and sources of information for COVID-19: a national online survey

ObjectivePublic cooperation to practise preventive health behaviours is essential to manage the transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. We aimed to investigate beliefs about COVID-19 diagnosis, transmission and prevention...

Quarantine

Quarantine Sofia M. Starnes (bio) Walk ahead all alone to where tulipshold sway. Inhale. Pass the dark coffeehouse.Exhale. Slow down. No one trails you, or slipsup beside you, intent on some cat-and-mousegame. Inhale. Tighten your scarf. You can browsecoquettishly, as if wrapped up in furs,and no one will stare. Exhale. A fog blursyour view; the world, split-apart, turns to haze.Time for prayer, clutch the cross in your purse—Hold your breath. Be kind. All the hunters are preys. [End Page 150] Sofia M. Starnes Sofia M. Starnes, D. Litt., Virginia Poet Laureate from 2012 to 2014, is the author of six poetry collections, including The Consequence of Moonlight (Paraclete Press, 2018). Some of her recent poems can be found in Image, First Things, Bellevue Literary Review, Christianity and Literature, and Modern Age. Sofia is currently working on a collection of dizains, a recasting of this 15th/16th century poetic form. She lives in Williamsburg, Virginia, with her husband, Bill. Copyright © 2021 Johns Hopkins University Press

Speak Now or Forever Hold Your Peace: Turkish Academics' Self-efficacy Beliefs in their Spoken English

Academics are known as individuals designing and conducting scientific research and they are to hold problem-solving skills, use scientific methods, carry out research, and publish at a global level. That said, they may encounter problems while performing the actions mentioned above due to a lack of foreign language proficiency, which interferes with sharing their knowledge with the others in the international arena. Taking that into consideration, this study aims to scrutinize the self-efficacy beliefs of Turkish academics regarding their oral communication in English. For this purpose, the data were collected through e-mails, and a total of 352 academics working in the departments of educational sciences participated in the study. Qualitative (document analysis) and quantitative research (survey) methods were used together in the study. The scale A Self-efficacy Instrument for Academics’ Oral Communication in a Foreign Language developed by Ozer, Cakir & Uzun (2019), was utilized in the quantitative data collection phase. The findings were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the self-efficacy scores of academics with respect to their oral communication in English showed no significant difference in terms of their department, academic title, academic experience, and age variable. It also turned out that there is a significant difference between self-efficacy belief scores and experience abroad, current language exam scores, and involvement in academic events abroad. As a result of the document analysis, it was uncovered that the number of studies, especially those that examine foreign language use, is limited. It is believed that the present study will contribute to the existing literature.

Hold your needles in women with recurrent pregnancy losses with or without hereditary thrombophilia: Meta-analysis and review of the literature

ObjectivesThe use of antithrombotic prophylaxis in women with recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) remains controversial. MethodsWe performed meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus No LMWH in women with or without hereditary thrombophilia and RPL. Twelve RCTs met our inclusion criteria and 2298 women were included in this meta-analysis. Our primary end point was live birth and odds ratio (OR) for live birth are reported. ResultsIn women with thrombophilia the benefit of LMWH on live birth is not significant but heterogeneity of the studies is significant (OR, 2.09; 95 % CI, 0.58–7.57; p = 0.26; I2 = 86 %, p = 0.0001). Considering women without thrombophilia there is no benefit of LMWH in OR of live birth and data from studies have low heterogeneity (OR, 1.25; 95 % CI, 0.88–1.78; p = 0 0.21; I2 = 44 %, p = 0.07). ConclusionsHold your needles in women with RPL. Probably in some hereditary thrombophilic defects LMWH has a positive effect on OR for live birth.

Hold your horses on changing that blood pressure medicine!

University of Missouri at ColumbiaColumbia, MO Family & Community Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO The author declares no conflicts of interest.

Hold your breath: peripheral and cerebral oxygenation during dry static apnea.

Acute breath-holding deprives the human body from oxygen. In an effort to protect the brain, the diving response is initiated, coupling several physiological responses. The aim of this study was to describe the physiological responses to apnea at the cardiac, peripheral and cerebral level. 31 physically active subjects (17 male, 14 female, 23.3 ± 1.8years old) performed a maximal static breath-hold in a seated position. Heart rate (HR), muscle and cerebral oxygenation (by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) were continuously measured. RM MANOVA's were used to identify changes in HR, peripheral (mTOI) and cerebral (cTOI) tissue oxygenation and oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin during apnea. Average apnea duration was 157 ± 41s. HR started decreasing after 10s (p < 0.001) and dropped on average by 27 ± 14bpm from baseline (p < 0.001). mTOI started decreasing 10s after apnea (p < 0.001) and fell by 8.6 ± 4.0% (p < 0.001). Following an immediate drop after 5s (p < 0.001), cTOI increased continuously, reaching a maximal increase of 3.7 ± 2.4% followed by a steady decrease until the end of apnea. cTOI fell on average 5.4 ± 8.3% below baseline (p < 0.001). During apnea, the human body elicits several protective mechanisms to protect itself against the deprivation of oxygen. HR slows down, decreasing O2 demand of the cardiac muscle. The decrease in mTOI and increase in cTOI imply a redistribution of blood flow prioritizing the brain. However, this mechanism is not sufficient to maintain cTOI until the end of apnea.

Hold Your Horses: Negative Anticipatory Impression Management and its Motivations

An emergent stream of research shows that managers engage in various impression management strategies to manage external perceptions by placing their firms in the best possible light. Drawing from this work, we develop theory around when and why managers may choose to engage in a novel form of preemptive impression management—negative anticipatory impression management (NAIM)—to recalibrate stakeholder expectations. Specifically, we posit that managers use actions and communications that deliberately convey pessimism to reduce the liability of inflated expectations. We then propose two factors—media coverage and the manager’s regulatory focus—that act as moderators. This underscores how managers use negative information to their advantage and further grounds the relevance of executive personality in impression management decision-making.