Hoima District Research Articles

Strongyloides stercoralis: a field-based survey of mothers and their preschool children using ELISA, Baermann and Koga plate methods reveals low endemicity in western Uganda

To ascertain the current status of strongyloidiasis in mothers and their preschool children, a field-based survey was conducted in western Uganda using a combination of diagnostic methods: ELISA, Baermann concentration and Koga agar plate. The prevalence of other soil-transmitted helminthiasis and intestinal schistosomiasis were also determined. In total, 158 mothers and 143 children were examined from five villages within Kabale, Hoima and Masindi districts. In mothers and children, the general prevalence of strongyloidiasis inferred by ELISA was approximately 4% and approximately 2%, respectively. Using the Baermann concentration method, two parasitologically proven cases were encountered in an unrelated mother and child, both of whom were sero-negative for strongyloidiasis. No infections were detected by Koga agar plate method. The general level of awareness of strongyloidiasis was very poor ( < 5%) in comparison to schistosomiasis (51%) and ascariasis (36%). Strongyloidiasis is presently at insufficient levels to justify inclusion within a community treatment programme targeting maternal and child health. Better epidemiological screening is needed, however, especially identifying infections in HIV-positive women of childbearing age. In the rural clinic setting, further use of the Baermann concentration method would appear to be the most immediate and pragmatic option for disease diagnosis.

Farmer's Adoption of Rotational Woodlot Technology in Kigorobya Sub-County of Hoima District, Western Uganda

This paper evaluates, using logistic and multiple regression analyses, the socio-economic factors that influence farmers’ decisions to adopt rotational woodlot technology in the farming systems of Uganda, based on a household survey carried out between May and December 2004, involving 120 farmers in Kigorobya sub-county, Hoima district. The analyses demonstrate that farmers make decisions about woodlot technology based on the household and field characteristics. The factors that significantly influenced the decision to adopt rotational woodlot technology included: gender, tree tenure security, seed supply, contact with extension and research agencies, soil erosion index, size of landholding, fuelwood scarcity, and main source of family income. To promote greater adoption of rotational woodlot technology, particular attention should be placed on the use of appropriate socioeconomic characterization, to better target technologies to areas with greater adoption potential.

Bio-Economic Perspective to Fuelwood Policy Options in Uganda: A Demand–Supply Nexus

This study examines the benefits and costs of selected policy options for increasing fuelwood supplies or decreasing fuelwood demand in Hoima district, Uganda. On the supply side, a benefit-cost analysis is done on a government sponsored tree farming project. In order to reduce the demand for fuelwood, two demand-side options are considered, namely, introduction of an improved energy-efficient woodstove, and the substitution of a kerosene stove for a traditional woodstove. Greater understanding of the linkages among these factors requires a systems approach. We have proposed such an approach using a non-linear dynamic programming model to explore the system behaviour of forest degradation. Our results show that tree-farming is one of the possible approaches to increase the supply of fuelwood (energy), while the woodstoves and kerosene substitution are policies that reduce the demand for fuelwood. This helps to alleviate the rural energy shortage and take some pressure off existing protected forest areas. The tree cover in the forest areas declined by 6% in the BASE scenario, 4.8 % in POPG scenario and 4.7% in TECH scenario, indicating an overall trend of forest degradation in the Hoima district under each of these scenarios. Reductions in the population growth rate, introduction of improved agricultural technology and increase in the prices of major agricultural crops can help slow down the rates of forest decline. This study does not attempt to analyse the wider energy planning program that would be needed to understand accurately the various alternatives available in Uganda.

Development and application of an ethically and epidemiologically advantageous assay for the multi-locus microsatellite analysis of Schistosoma mansoni.

Non-availability of adult worms from living hosts remains a key problem in population genetic studies of schistosomes. Indirect sampling involving passage through laboratory animals presents significant ethical and practical drawbacks, and may result in sampling biases such as bottlenecking processes and/or host-induced selection pressures. The novel techniques reported here for sampling, storage and multi-locus microsatellite analysis of larval Schistosoma mansoni, allowing genotyping of up to 7 microsatellite loci from a single larva, circumvent these problems. The utility of these assays and the potential problems of laboratory passage, were evaluated using 7 S. mansoni population isolates collected from school-children in the Hoima district of Uganda, by comparing the associated field-collected miracidia with adult worms and miracidia obtained from a single generation in laboratory mice. Analyses of laboratory-passaged material erroneously indicated the presence of geographical structuring in the population, emphasizing the dangers of indirect sampling for population genetic studies. Bottlenecking and/or other sampling effects were demonstrated by reduced variability of adult worms compared to their parent field-collected larval samples. Patterns of heterozygote deficiency were apparent in the field-collected samples, which were not evident in laboratory-derived samples, potentially indicative of heterozygote advantage in establishment within laboratory hosts. Genetic distance between life-cycle stages in the majority of isolates revealed that adult worms and laboratory-passaged miracidia clustered together whilst segregating from field miracidia, thereby further highlighting the utility of this assay.

The fall of Hoima, an H6 chondrite from Uganda

Abstract— The Hoima meteorite fell on March 30, 2003, in the Hoima district near Butema, Uganda. According to its mineralogy, texture, and mineral chemical characteristics, Hoima is classified as a brecciated H6 ordinary chondrite of shock stage S2 and weathering grade W0. After the meteorites Maziba, Soroti, Awere, and Mbale, Hoima represents the fifth meteorite recorded from Uganda.

Refusal to take ivermectin: the associated 'risk' factors in Hoima district, Uganda

Community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI), for the control of onchocerciasis, was launched in Uganda in 1997. In East Africa, as in other endemic areas, the refusal to take the drug reduces treatment coverage and therefore poses a serious threat to attempts to eliminate onchocerciasis as a disease of public-health importance. In early 2003, an attempt was therefore made to determine the factors associated with refusal to take ivermectin during mass treatment in 2002, by interviewing the individuals, from three Ugandan villages with CDTI, who had been eligible to receive ivermectin. The subject's socio-demographic characteristics, history of adverse reactions and participation in CDTI-related activities were explored, as potential 'risk' factors for refusing ivermectin in the treatment round in 2002. When odds ratios (OR) for refusal and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, the villagers aged 18-35 years were found more likely to have received ivermectin in 2002 than their older counterparts (OR = 0.55; CI = 0.33-0.93). Individuals with an inter-current medical condition were also more likely to have received ivermectin in 2002 than the other villagers (OR = 0.56; CI = 0.32-0.99). Worryingly, the ingestion of ivermectin at any time before the 2002 treatment round was strongly associated with refusal to take ivermectin in that round (OR = 7.72; CI = 2.00-29.81), although there was no evidence that the adverse effects of treatment were significantly reducing coverage.

Malaria morbidity, mortality and pregnancy outcome in areas with different levels of malaria transmission in Uganda: a hospital record-based study

A retrospective hospital record-based study for Uganda was conducted in Hoima district (an area of stable malaria transmission) and in Kabale district (an area of unstable malaria transmission). In-patient and maternity ward registers for January 1997–December 1998 were reviewed and malaria admissions, mortality, abortions, stillbirths and birthweights were recorded. Data were analysed in relation to rainfall patterns. Admissions due to malaria were significantly higher at Hoima compared to Kabale hospital in 1997 ( P < 0·0001). However, the situation reversed in 1998 with significantly more malaria cases registered at Kabale compared to Hoima hospital ( P < 0·0001). The increase at Kabale hospital in 1998 was attributed to increased and prolonged rains during 1997 (El Niño). Pregnancy was a risk factor for admission with malaria at Kabale, but not at Hoima. Anaemia was significantly more common among patients admitted to hospital at Hoima compared to Kabale in 1997 and 1998 ( P < 0·0001 and P = 0·02, respectively). The rate of low birthweight (birthweight < 2·5 kg) was significantly higher among primigravidae and multigravidae at Hoima hospital compared to Kabale hospital ( P < 0·0001). There were significantly more stillbirths at Kabale compared to Hoima hospital ( P < 0·0001). Routine hospital data such as birthweight and number of malaria cases can provide information on the level of malaria transmission useful for the health services to target appropriate malaria interventions and allocate resources to control outbreaks of malaria epidemics.

Chloroquine prophylaxis, iron-folie acid supplementation or case management of malaria attacks in primigravidae in western Uganda: effects on maternal parasitaemia and haemoglobin levels and on birthweight

The effects of weekly chloroquine prophylaxis, daily iron-weekly folic acid supplementation or passive case management on maternal haemoglobin and parasitaemia and on birthweight were examined in primigravidae in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled intervention trial in 1996–1998 in Hoima District, western Uganda. Iron-folic acid supplementation significantly increased mean birthweight as compared to case management ( P = 0·03). Low birthweight (< 2·5 kg) occurred in 2% of babies of women receiving chloroquine prophylaxis for ≥ 8 weeks and in 9% in the case management group (RR = 0·36, 95% CI 0·13–1·00, P = 0·009). Parasitaemia at enrolment significantly correlated with low birthweight in the case management group as compared to the intervention groups ( P = 0·02). Women in the case management group who were parasitaemic and had haemoglobin levels < 100 g/L at delivery had babies with lower mean birthweight as compared to babies in the other groups ( P = 0·04). Low haemoglobin level at enrolment, irrespective of parasitaemia status, was a predictor of low birthweight in the case management group only ( P = 0·04). Chloroquine prophylaxis and iron-folic acid supplementation significantly increased maternal haemoglobin levels during pregnancy as compared to case management ( P = 0·01 and 0·007, respectively) and the increase correlated to the duration of the intervention.

Anaemia in pregnancy: Plasmodium falciparum infection is an important cause in primigravidae in Hoima district, western Uganda.

Infection with Plasmodium falciparum is a major cause of anaemia in pregnancy, especially in primigravidae. Of 853 primigravidae visiting an antenatal clinic in Hoima district, western Uganda, for the first time, 530 (62.1%) were found to have P. falciparum parasitaemias and 305 (57.5%) of these had at least 1000 parasites/microliter blood. Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia was significantly associated with anaemia (relative risk = 0.84, with 95% confidence limits = 0.74-0.96; P = 0.01). Malarial parasites were detected in > 80% of the women who had severe anaemia (P = 0.0008) and haemoglobin concentrations decreased with increasing intensity of infection (P = 0.03). Malarial hyper-reactive splenomegaly was associated with high parasite density (P = 0.01) and low haemoglobin level (P < 0.0001). Effective measures aimed at prevention of malaria and anaemia in pregnancy, especially in primigravidae, would significantly reduce anaemia and its deleterious effects on both the mother and the baby.

Anaemia in pregnancy:Plasmodium falciparuminfection is an important cause in primigravidae in Hoima district, western Uganda

Anaemia in pregnancy:<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>infection is an important cause in primigravidae in Hoima district, western Uganda

De-Confounding Gender: Feminist Theorizing and Western Culture, a Comment on Hawkesworth's "Confounding Gender"

Previous articleNext article No AccessReader CommentDe-Confounding Gender: Feminist Theorizing and Western Culture, a Comment on Hawkesworth's "Confounding Gender"Oyeronke OyewumiOyeronke Oyewumi Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Signs Volume 23, Number 4Summer, 1998 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/495301 Views: 81Total views on this site Citations: 32Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1998 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article: Abolition, Gender Radicality, (Jan 2022): 1–33.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-001 Black, Trans, Feminism, (Jan 2022): 35–65.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-003 Fugitivity, Un/gendered, (Jan 2022): 66–87.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-004 Trans/figurative, Blackness, (Jan 2022): 88–112.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-005 Feminist, Fugitivity, (Jan 2022): 113–144.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-007 Questioned, Gendered, (Jan 2022): 145–174.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-008 Trigger, Rebel, (Jan 2022): 175–198.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-009 Hope, Fugitive, (Jan 2022): 199–228.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-010 Notes, (Jan 2022): 229–262.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-011 Bibliography, (Jan 2022): 263–281.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022428-012Shelley Lynn Tremain Philosophy of Disability, Conceptual Engineering, and the Nursing Home-Industrial-Complex in Canada, International Journal of Critical Diversity Studies 4, no.11 (Jun 2021).https://doi.org/10.13169/intecritdivestud.4.1.0010Claire Somerville, Khatia Munguambe The rise of non-communicable disease (NCDs) in Mozambique: decolonising gender and global health, Gender & Development 29, no.11 (Mar 2021): 189–206.https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2021.1885220Oluwasola Daniels Gender relations and social grading system in pre-colonial Akoko: Isua Akoko example, African Identities 7 (Oct 2020): 1–13.https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2020.1816897Katherine Bischoping, Zhipeng Gao Reframing generations scholarship through the eyes of ordinary Chinese, Chinese Sociological Dialogue 3, no.22 (May 2018): 133–147.https://doi.org/10.1177/2397200918772509Sylvia Bawa “Feminists make too much noise!”: generational differences and ambivalence in feminist development politics in Ghana, Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 52, no.11 (May 2018): 1–17.https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2018.1462720Olayinka Oyeleye Feminism(s) and Oppression: Rethinking Gender from a Yoruba Perspective, (Nov 2017): 349–369.https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59291-0_23Sumit Kane, Matilda Rial, Anthony Matere, Marjolein Dieleman, Jacqueline E.W. Broerse, Maryse Kok Gender relations and women's reproductive health in South Sudan, Global Health Action 9, no.11 (Jan 2017): 33047.https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.33047Nonofo Losike-Sedimo Theoretical Discussion of Gender and Power, (Jan 2015): 146–166.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8321-1.ch008Adryan Wallace Agency through Development: Hausa Women's NGOs and CBOs in Kano, Nigeria, Feminist Economics 20, no.44 (Nov 2014): 281–305.https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.963636Joshua Simpkins Seeing White Men: Bias in Gender Categorization, Gender Issues 31, no.11 (Jan 2014): 21–33.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-014-9116-zJohanna Bergman Lodin Intrahousehold Bargaining and Distributional Outcomes Regarding NERICA Upland Rice Proceeds in Hoima District, Uganda, Gender, Technology and Development 16, no.33 (Nov 2012): 253–278.https://doi.org/10.1177/0971852412459425Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyĕwùmí Decolonizing the Intellectual and the Quotidian: Yorùbá Scholars(hip) and Male Dominance, (Jan 2011): 9–33.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230116276_2Epifania Amoo-Adare Engendering Critical Spatial Literacy: Migrant Asante Women and the Politics of Urban Space, (Jan 2011): 101–118.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230116276_6Bagele Chilisa, Gabo Ntseane Resisting dominant discourses: implications of indigenous, African feminist theory and methods for gender and education research, Gender and Education 22, no.66 (Nov 2010): 617–632.https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2010.519578Rose Marie Beck Gender, innovation and ambiguity: speech prohibitions as a resource for ‘space to move’, Discourse & Society 20, no.55 (Sep 2009): 531–553.https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926509106409Keith Brown, Doris Hamner, Susan Foley, Jonathan Woodring Doing Disability: Disability Formations in the Search for Work*, Sociological Inquiry 79, no.11 (Feb 2009): 3–24.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2008.00269.xDiana Khor, Saori Kamano Introduction, Journal of Lesbian Studies 10, no.3-43-4 (Sep 2008): 1–9.https://doi.org/10.1300/J155v10n03_01Sara Goodkind Gender-Specific Services in the Juvenile Justice System: A Critical Examination, Affilia 20, no.11 (Sep 2016): 52–70.https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109904272061 Myra J. Hird Considerations for a Psychoanalytic Theory of Gender Identity and Sexual Desire: The Case of Intersex Hird, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28, no.44 (Jul 2015): 1067–1092.https://doi.org/10.1086/343131Anne Fausto-Sterling Dualismos em duelo, Cadernos Pagu 256, no.17-1817-18 (Jan 2002): 9–79.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-83332002000100002Wendy McKenna, Suzanne J. Kessler Retrospective Response, Feminism & Psychology 10, no.11 (Jul 2016): 66–72.https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353500010001010Nonofo Losike-Sedimo Theoretical Discussion of Gender and Power, (): 69–84.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1913-3.ch004

Persistent risky sexual behavior relevant to HIV transmission—Hoima district, July 1996

Persistent risky sexual behavior relevant to HIV transmission—Hoima district, July 1996

In vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine in school children in Hoima district, Western Uganda

In vivo testing of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine was carried out among asymptomatic school children from seven schools in four sub-counties in Hoima District in western Uganda. Seven hundred and twenty five children were screened, 487 (67%) had parasitaemia and 307 met the inclusion criteria. Full sensitivity to chloroquine in urban areas was found in 42%. Chloroquine resistance at RII level was observed in 46% (33–58%) and RIII level in 13% (0–24%) In rural areas, however, full sensitivity to chloroquine was found in 76% (70–84%). Resistance at RII and RIII level was found in 18 and 6% respectively. Full sensitivity to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine was found in 98% and only 2% resistant at RII level. The relatively high proportion of chloroquine resistance at RII and RIII levels in urban areas could be attributed to easy access to chloroquine as well as frequent and probably inadequate use of chloroquine. Chloroquine can still be used as first line antimalarial drug in the area. Sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine should be the second line drug for cases not responding to chloroquine.

Severe Adverse Reaction to Prophylactic Use of Mefloquine in Nonimmune Travelers in Hoima District, Uganda.

Severe Adverse Reaction to Prophylactic Use of Mefloquine in Nonimmune Travelers in Hoima District, Uganda.

Assessment of condom use acceptability, Hoima district, Uganda, July 1996

Assessment of condom use acceptability, Hoima district, Uganda, July 1996

Measles epidemics in Kigorobya sub-county Hoima district Uganda, June 1996

Measles epidemics in Kigorobya sub-county Hoima district Uganda, June 1996